October 2021 - MARMAM - devlists.uvic.ca

New publication on the effects of multiple red tide blooms on bottlenose dolphin prey
by Christina Toms 15 Oct '21

15 Oct '21

Dear Marmam Subscribers, On behalf of myself and my coauthors, we are pleased to announce a recent publication in Frontiers in Marine Science. Citation: Berens McCabe, E. J., R. S. Wells, C. Toms, A. Barleycorn, K. A. Wilkinson, and V. Palubok. 2021. Effects of multiple Karenia brevis red tide blooms on a common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) prey fish assemblage: Patterns of resistance and resilience in Sarasota Bay, Florida. Frontiers in Marine Science, Marine Conservation and Sustainability, Special Topic: The dolphins of Sarasota Bay: Lessons from 50 years of research and conservation, 8:711114. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.711114 Abstract: Red tide blooms caused by the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis are natural disturbance events that occur regularly along Florida’s west coast, often resulting in massive fish kills and marine mammal, seabird, and sea turtle mortalities. Limited prior work on the ecological effects of red tides suggests they play an important role in structuring ecosystem dynamics and regulating communities, however specific effects on prey populations and potential alterations to predator-prey interactions are unknown. We surveyed the prey fish assemblage of a top marine predator, the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), in shallow seagrass habitat in Sarasota Bay, Florida, during 2004–2019, collecting data on prey density, species composition, K. brevis cell densities, and environmental variables. Across eight distinct red tide bloom events, resistance, resilience, and the ecological effects on the prey assemblage varied depending on bloom intensity, season, and frequency. Prey assemblage structure showed significant and distinct short-term shifts during blooms independent of the normal seasonal shifts in prey structure seen during non-bloom conditions. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated a strong influence of K. brevis density on assemblage structure. Blooms occurring primarily in the summer were associated with less initial prey resistance and higher than average annual catch per unit effort (CPUE) 1–3 years following bloom cessation, with bloom frequency prolonging the time needed to reach higher than average annual CPUE. Regardless of season, recovery to pre-bloom prey abundances occurred within 1 year. Sample-based rarefaction and extrapolation indicated significant differences in prey diversity among summer bloom events. This study is a first step in identifying differences in resistance, resilience, and the ecological effects of multiple red tide bloom events of various temporal scales and intensity on a dolphin prey assemblage. Improved understanding of the influence of red tides on estuarine structural dynamics and function can better inform management, and potentially guide mitigation efforts post-bloom. The article and supplementary materials can be accessed via https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.711114/full <https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg2030025>, or you can email Elizabeth Berens McCabe, the corresponding author, at emccabe(a)mote.org. Cheers, Christina Toms -- PhD, Postdoctoral Scientist Chicago Zoological Society's Sarasota Dolphin Research Program

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New publication on bottlenose dolphin behavioral responses to a flood event
by Christina Toms 15 Oct '21

15 Oct '21

Dear Marmam Subscribers, On behalf of myself and my coauthors, we are pleased to announce a recent publication in the Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens. Citation: McBride-Kebert, S. and C. N. Toms. 2021. Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, behavioral response to a record-breaking flood event in Pensacola Bay, Florida. Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens, 2(3):351-369 Abstract: Common bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, can suffer health complications from prolonged freshwater exposure; however, little is known about how dolphins behaviorally respond to flood events. We investigated whether dolphins mitigated their freshwater exposure by moving south towards the estuary mouth and/or towards deeper areas with higher salinities in response to a record-breaking flood in Pensacola Bay, Florida. In total, 144 dolphin groups observed during 45 population dynamic surveys were analyzed across two flood-impacted sampling sessions and their respective seasonal control sessions. Kernel density estimates demonstrated southern movement towards the estuary mouth during flood-impacted sessions, but this distribution change was limited. Species distribution models showed that dolphins did not move to deeper areas after the flood and dolphin distribution was not substantially altered by flood-induced salinity changes. The estuary system exhibits strongly stratified waters with broad salinity ranges even during the flood. Dolphins may have mitigated the severity of freshwater exposure by capitalizing on these stratified areas as they continued to use habitat affected by the flood. A lack of avoidance of low salinity could result in this dolphin population being at greater risk for health problems, which should be considered in future population management and conservation. The article and supplementary materials can be accessed via https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg2030025, or you can email Shauna McBride-Kebert, the corresponding author, at smcbridekebert(a)gmail.com. Cheers, Christina Toms -- PhD, Postdoctoral Scientist Chicago Zoological Society's Sarasota Dolphin Research Program

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New publication - skin lesion and mortality rates for bottlenose dolphins following a historic flood
by Christina Toms 15 Oct '21

15 Oct '21

Dear Marmam Subscribers, On behalf of myself and my coauthors, we are pleased to announce a recent publication in PLOS ONE. *Citation*: Toms, C. N., T. Stone, and T. Och. 2021. Skin lesion and mortality rate estimates for common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Florida Panhandle following a historic flood. PLOS ONE 16(10): e0257526. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257526 *Abstract*: Increasing evidence links prolonged freshwater exposure to adverse health conditions, immune deficiencies, and mortality in delphinids. Pensacola, Florida, experienced a record-breaking flood event in April 2014, after which, skin lesions evident of freshwater exposure were observed on common bottlenose dolphins (*Tursiops truncatus*). Here we assess the potential consequences of the flood on bottlenose dolphin health and mortality. Data from an ongoing study were used to evaluate the relationship between skin lesions (progression, prevalence, and extent) and the flood with respect to changing environmental conditions (salinity). Annual stranding records (2012–2016) from Alabama to the eastern Florida Panhandle were used as an indicator of dolphin health to test the hypothesis that the flood event resulted in increased annual mortality rates. Although salinities remained low for several months, results suggest that there was not the widespread skin lesion outbreak anticipated. Of the 333 unique individuals detected only 20% were seen with skin lesions. There was a significant increase in the proportion of dolphins seen post-flood with lesion extent above background levels (≥ 5%; *p* = 0.001), however, there were only 11 cases with lesion extent greater than 20%. Skin lesion prevalence increased overall following the flood (*p* < 0.001), but pairwise comparisons revealed a delayed response with significant increases not detected until the following fall (*p* = 0.01), several months after salinities returned to expected levels. Regression modeling revealed no significant effects of year, region, or year x region on mortality rates, except in Alabama, where increased mortality rates were likely due to residual impacts from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. This study takes advantage of a natural experiment, highlighting how little is understood about the conditions in which prolonged freshwater exposure leads to negative impacts on dolphin health. The article and supplementary materials are available as open access here: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257526 Or you can request a copy from me at: ctoms(a)mote.org. Cheers, Christina Toms PhD, Postdoctoral Scientist Chicago Zoological Society's Sarasota Dolphin Research Program Cell: 808-990-1931 ctoms(a)mote.org

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New paper on humpback whale abundance and krill consumption in the Scotia Arc
by Mick Baines 15 Oct '21

15 Oct '21

Dear MARMAM community, Together with my co-authors, we are pleased to announce the publication of our paper in *Marine Ecology Progress Series*: Mick Baines, Natalie Kelly, Maren Reichelt, Claire Lacey, Simon Pinder, Sophie Fielding, Eugene Murphy, Phil Trathan, Martin Biuw, Ulf Lindstrøm, Bjørn A. Krafft and Jennifer A. Jackson (2021) *Population abundance of recovering humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae and other baleen whales in the Scotia Arc, South Atlantic.* Following the cessation of whaling, South Atlantic populations of humpback (*Megaptera novaeangliae*) and some other baleen whale species are recovering, but there has been limited monitoring of their recovery in the Scotia Arc, a former whaling epicentre and a hotspot for Antarctic krill (*Euphausia superba*). To inform the management of krill fisheries, up to date assessment of whale biomass and prey consumption is essential. Using a model-based approach, we provide the first estimates of whale abundance and krill consumption for South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, and total abundance of humpback whales across their southwest Atlantic feeding grounds, using data collected in 2019. Humpback whale abundance was estimated at 24,543 (CV = 0.26; 95% CI 14,863 – 40,528), similar to that measured in Brazil on the main wintering ground for this population. The abundance of baleen whales in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, including those not identified to species level, was estimated at 43,824 (CV = 0.15; 95% CI 33,509 – 59,077). Based on the proportion of humpback whales identified during the surveys (83%), the majority of these are likely to be humpback whales. Annual krill consumption by baleen whales was estimated to be in the range 4.8 – 7.2 million tons, representing 7 - 10% of the estimated krill biomass in the region. However, there is a need to better understand feeding rates in baleen whales, and further research into this field should be a priority in order to improve the accuracy and precision of prey consumption rate estimation. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13849 If you are unable to access the paper through the DOI, please contact me for a pdf at mickbaines(a)gmail.com Mick Baines www.wildscope.com

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Registration is now open for The Whale Museum's virtual Gear Down Workshop!
by tracie merrill 14 Oct '21

14 Oct '21

The Whale Museum (TWM) in Friday Harbor, WA, is holding an exciting virtual Gear Down Workshop for Marine Naturalists this fall on Saturday, November 13. This workshop will be held from 10:00 am to 5:00 pm Pacific Time and registrants will join sessions through the videoconferencing platform, Zoom. The theme of the “Gear Down” Workshop is Marine Mammal Sightings: Contributing to Science and Conservation. Invited presenters include: * Dr. Trevor Branch, University of Washington, on how opportunistic sightings and systematic surveys can tell us what is happening to marine mammal distribution and biodiversity * Salma Abdel-Raheem, TWM, on The Whale Museum Sightings Hotline and latest research * Dr. Lauren Dares and Jessica Scott, Ocean Wise, on using citizen science to mitigate vessel impact and inform conservation * Sonja Henneman, Transport Canada, on Canada interim sanctuary zones for SRKWs * Dr. Briana Abrahms, University of Washington, on an effort to reduce ship strikes to whales along the west coast * John Calambokidis, Cascadia Research Collective, on changes in marine mammal occurrence in the Salish Sea * NOAA staff on the Pacific Marine Assessment Program for Protected Species (PacMAPPS) * Dr. Megan Wallen, NOAA, on critical habitat expansion for SRKWs The registration fee is $35 for non-members; $25 for current TWM/SSAMN members. A more discounted Gear Down Workshop rate is available ($20) for those who sign up to become a SSAMN member or renew their SSAMN memberships (a discount code will be provided). Questions can be directed to Tracie Merrill at tracie(a)whalemuseum.org<mailto:tracie@whalemuseum.org>. Zoom link and workshop agenda will be sent to registrants at email provided at registration closer to start of workshop. For more information and/or to register, please visit: https://whalemuseum.org/products/virtualgeardownworkshop2021 Sent from Outlook<http://aka.ms/weboutlook>

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SEICHE TRAINING PAM/MMO AND PSO TRAINING
by Sherry Baruwa 14 Oct '21

14 Oct '21

Good Morning, Seiche Training is pleased to inform you of its upcoming MMO, PSO and PAM courses. These are the final courses for 2021. JNCC Marine Mammal Observer (MMO) Training Course (GBP 250 +VAT per person) Date - 29th to 30th November 2021 Delivery - In person - Okehampton, Devon, UK Passive Acoustic Monitoring and PAMGuard Software (PAM) Training Course (GBP 550 +VAT per person) Date - 1st December to 3rd December 2021 Delivery - In person - Okehampton, Devon, UK Our Marine Mammal Observer (MMO) course is accredited by Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) and run over two days to provide comprehensive coverage of the MMO role. Insight into life offshore and the practicalities of the MMO role ensure a very thorough preparation for prospective MMOs. However, those from an industry background (working alongside MMOs) will benefit from the full exploration of the complexities of mitigation requirements. A scientific background will be an advantage to delegates and a keen interest in marine mammals is key. Our well established Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) course is a three-day course that provides comprehensive PAM training for personnel new to the offshore industry. This course provides the skills needed to use all equipment currently in the marketplace and is aimed at delegates with a scientific background, preferably in biology and marine sciences. The course includes modules on sound in water, marine mammal evolutionary biology and sound production, anthropogenic noise sources and their effect on marine mammals, PAM principles and the role of the PAM operator, Seiche PAM hardware with deployment and operations, PAM software and an introduction to PAMGuard. Our PAM course also includes a practical boat trip on day three. To register on any of our courses, please send an email to training(a)seiche.com<mailto:training@seiche.com> Seiche Training Limited https://www.seiche.com/training/ Kind regards, Sherry Sherry Baruwa Training Administrator Seiche Ltd T: +44(0)1409 404050 E: s.baruwa(a)seiche.com W: https://www.seiche.com Bradworthy Industrial Estate, Langdon Road, Bradworthy, Holsworthy, Devon, EX22 7SF, United Kingdom Registered in England & Wales No. 03475558, Registered Office: C/O Seiche Group, Bradworthy Industrial Estate, Langdon Road, Bradworthy, Holsworthy, Devon, EX22 7SF, United Kingdom The information contained in this e-mail transmission, and any documents, files or previous e-mail messages attached to it, is privileged and confidential, and solely intended for the use of the individual(s) to whom it is addressed. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient you should not read, copy, distribute or otherwise use the information, and you are hereby notified that any disclosure, copying, distribution or use of any of the information contained in or attached to this message is strictly prohibited. If you have received this message in error, please notify sender immediately and delete this e-mail and attached documents.

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Updates and Call for Abstracts & Tutorials for the 9th DCLDE
by Erin Oleson - NOAA Federal 13 Oct '21

13 Oct '21

Aloha Marine Mammal Community, We have several updates related to the 9th International Workshop on Detection, Classification, Localization and Density Estimation (DCLDE) of Marine Mammals using Passive Acoustics. As previously noted, the workshop has been rescheduled for March 7-11, 2022 and will take place in Waikiki, Hawaii. You can find all workshop updates, including necessary adjustments related to the continuing COVID-19 pandemic, on the DCLDE 2022 website <https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/ore/dclde/>. *Upcoming deadlines:* The deadline for submitting an abstract for presentation at the workshop is November 15, 2021. We especially encourage presentation of work using one the of the DCLDE annotated datasets** and would like to note the special session in honor of Dr. Whitlow Au. The abstract submission form is available on the Abstracts <https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/ore/dclde/abstracts/> page of the main workshop website. Following past tradition, the first day of the workshop will be dedicated to topic-specific tutorials. Find more information on submitting a tutorial proposal on the Tutorial <https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/ore/dclde/tutorials-workshops/> page of the DCLDE website. Tutorial proposals are due November 15, 2021. Selected tutorials will be announced in early December. *DCLDE 2022 will be a hybrid meeting.* As the world begins to open up even while the COVID pandemic continues on, we recognize that some participants will not be able to join us in-person on Oahu. One of the best parts of DCLDE is the close interaction and discussion about technical topics, and while this is easiest to imagine in person, we are committed to supporting virtual attendance and participation in the workshop. We are still finalizing the details of what a hybrid DCLDE will look like and will post registration costs for both in-person and virtual participation on the webpage before the November 15 abstract deadline. COVID-19 vaccination is required for in-person participation in the DCLDE workshop. Our host venue, the Alohilani Hotel requires proof of vaccination for all guests and visitors to the hotel. This standard, together with current requirements for social events and venues on Oahu, as well as those for international travelers to the USA, necessite this requirement. If your organization is interested in sponsoring an aspect of DLCDE 2022, please check out the Sponsors <https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/ore/dclde/sponsors/> page on the DCLDE website or contact us directly. **For 2022 the workshop dataset features 47 days of passive acoustic data collected using a multi-channel towed hydrophone array from a large-scale cetacean survey in Hawaii. Details and download instructions for the dataset are available at http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/ore/dclde/dataset/. We strongly encourage those interested in participating in DCLDE 2022 to develop and test methods using this dataset, and/or to work with prior workshop datasets (links are available on the DCLDE 2022 website). Best regards, Erin Oleson and Eva-Marie Nosal DLCDE 2022 Oahu Co-chairs dclde2020(a)gmail.com <http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cetacean>

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Fwd: New Podcast: 'If Oceans Could Speak'
by Penny Clarke 13 Oct '21

13 Oct '21

Dear MARMAM Subscribers, We are delighted to share our new podcast – If Oceans Could Speak. This podcast listens to stories from people who have shared their life with the sea around them, and this premiere series focuses on the Arctic Ocean. Each week, conversations explore a different perspective of the Arctic Ocean; from the adventures of Thomas Wunderlich, Captain of the icebreaker ‘Polarstern’; to the musical journey of award-winning composer Lera Auerbach, which led to her acclaimed 4th symphony ‘ARCTICA’; and to diversity and inclusion influencers, such as Women in the Arctic: Plan A Co-founder Gosia Smieszek and Kimberly Aiken on her own journey and trailblazers in the Polar Regions. Guests reflect on issues surrounding climate change, sustainability, and equality, and share their hopes and concerns for the Arctic’s future. By viewing the Arctic Ocean through this human lens, If Oceans Could Speak hopes to raise awareness of our collective connection to this frozen ocean. In our next episode, released on the 20th October, we are joined by Dr Hannah Cubaynes from the British Antarctic Survey and WWF and Dr Kim Goetz from NOAA in the United States. Hannah and Kim are marine mammal biologists who use images from planes, drones, and satellites to spy on the whales and walrus below. Together we discuss how exactly you spot a whale from space and the multitude of challenges facing Arctic wildlife today. Kim recounts her experience “on the ground” with the isolated and endangered Beluga population at Cook Inlet, Alaska. In contrast, Hannah reveals the unique connection to these animals she gains through the images on her screen. This podcast is an output from The EU4Ocean Coalition for Ocean Literacy. Supported by the European Commission, this bottom-up, inclusive initiative aims at uniting the voices of Europeans to make the ocean a concern of everyone. Find out more at www.eu-oceanliteracy.eu. To listen or view episode transcripts, just visit the podcast webpage <https://if-oceans-could-speak.buzzsprout.com/>, or tune in on your usual listening platform e.g. spotify <https://open.spotify.com/show/0kzToAtyPIydllXQHh0LSj> . Best wishes Penny Clarke If Oceans Could Speak Production Team

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2021 Fin Whale Project on the coast of Barcelona
by edmaktub 12 Oct '21

12 Oct '21

*2021 Fin Whale Project on the coast of Barcelona** * *EDMAKTUB is offering a position and looking for research trainee assistants** * EDMAKTUB Association is a non-profit organization studying fin whale presence and behaviour, since 2013; and the conditions why fin whales come in great number to feed on the coast between Barcelona and Tarragona, norteastern Spain. Not only whales but also many other species of cetaceans, sea birds, fish and sea turtles visit the area from mid-February to mid-June. EDMAKTUB collects information about their presence and behavior, as well as biological and oceanographic data. You can find more information here: http://www.edmaktub.org/en/fin-whale-project/ <https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edmak…> In order to complete its research team for the 2021 season, EDMAKTUB is looking for two types of collaborators: 1) Researcher (one paid position), 2) Research Assistants (training program). You will find the description and requirements of each position below. 1) RESEARCHER - Graduates (minimum) in biology, veterinary, marine sciences and other fields related to the study of cetaceans and the oceanic conditions. excellent scientific writing skills. Number of positions available: 1 Collaborating period: 3 to 4 months (with a possible extension) Physical presence: Mid February 2021 (Virtual contact: as soon as possible) *Salary* based on experience but with a low fix and extra variable depending on results. Acomodation will be included Tasks to be undertaken: •Preparation and participation in the 2021 marine surveys of the Fin Whale Project. Researchers need to be based in Vilanova i la Geltrú (Barcelona, Spain) from mid-February to mid-June • Coordination of one of the research lines (download dossier for details: link below) • Collaborate in the logistical and organizational tasks of the Project •Writing reports and papers to publish in peer review journals. What do you get? • Involvement in all the activities carried out in the Fin Whale Project, especially daily whale monitoring,observation and publication. • A platform in which to gain experience in the field study of cetaceans. • The possibility of developing your own research work: whether it is an article for publication, an end-of-course assignment or work as part of a master's degree. • Professional visibility in the field of cetacean research. What do we ask in return? • Dedication and commitment • You will need to cover your accommodation and living expenses (from February to June in Vilanova i la Geltrú). We can provide a shared flat. How to apply? Send your detailed CV as well as a motivation letter in which you propose the line of research you want to develop and the ideas you have regarding it. Indicate as subject: “PR2021” It is essential to read the Fin Whale Project dossier (link below) beforehand to find out about the available infrastructure and the studies that have been developed during previous seasons. Link: http://www.edmaktub.org/en/annual-report/ <https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edmak…><https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edmak…> Email: Info(a)edmaktub.org <mailto:Info@edmaktub.org> 2) TRAINING PROGRAM: RESEARCH ASSISTANTS –Graduates, students or people wishing to acquire practical experience in the field study of cetaceans and oceanographic conditions Number of positions available: 15 | Participating period: 7 days (one week to choose from mid-March to mid-May) What do you get? • The chance to participate in all the activities developed by the Fin Whale Project during the seven days of the program, especially in daily whale monitoring and observation. • Training and practical experience in the field of cetacean study. • The opportunity of spending quality time at sea observing cetaceans in the rich environment of the coast of Barcelona (Garraf Coast). What do we ask in return? • To collaborate financially to the project with a donation of €800, which also covers your accommodation and food during the seven days of the program. How to apply? Fill out the form you will find in our website: http://www.edmaktub.org/en/rap/ <https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edmak…> If you want to collaborate as a VOLUNTEER, please take a look at our website: http://www.edmaktub.org/en/volunteers/ <https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edmak…> -- ———————------------------- Eduard Degollada Bastos DVM PhD President Associació EDMAKTUB www.edmaktub.org <https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edmak…> Fb edmaktub Youtube edmaktub Emailedmaktub(a)edmaktub.org <mailto:edmaktub@edmaktub.org> Ph +34630038829

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New publications on PFAS and Plastics
by Karen Stockin 12 Oct '21

12 Oct '21

Kia ora MARMAM subscribers, My colleagues and I would like to announce the publication of the following articles; K.A. Stockin S. Yi, G.L. Northcott, E.L. Betty, G.E. Machovsky-Capuska, B. Jones, M.R. Perrott, R.J. Law, A. Rumsby, M.A. Thelen , L. Graham, E.I. Palmer & L.A. Tremblay (2021) Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), trace elements and life history parameters of mass-stranded common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) in New Zealand. Marine Pollution Bulletin 173(A) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112896 or HERE<https://www.cetaceanecology.org/journal-articles> Abstract: Profiles of 33 PFAS analytes and 12 essential and non-essential trace elements were measured in livers of stranded common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) from New Zealand. PFAS concentrations reported were largely comparable to those measured in other marine mammal species globally and composed mostly of long-chain compounds including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA), perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) and perfluorooctanesulfonamide (FOSA). PFAS profiles did not vary significantly by location, body condition, or life history. Notably, significant positive correlations were observed within respective PFAS and trace elements. However, only negative correlations were evident between these two contaminant types, suggesting different exposure and metabolic pathways. Age-associated concentrations were found for PFTrDA and four trace elements, i.e. silver, mercury, cadmium, selenium, indicating differences in the bioaccumulation biomagnification mechanisms. Overall, our results contribute to global understanding of accumulation of PFAS by offering first insights of PFAS exposure in cetaceans living within South Pacific Australasian waters. Santos RG, Machovsky-Capuska GE, Andrades R (2021) Plastic ingestion as an evolutionary trap: toward a holistic understanding. Science 373 (6550): 56-60. https://www.science.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abh0945 or HERE<https://www.cetaceanecology.org/journal-articles> Abstract: Human activities are changing our environment. Along with climate change and a widespread loss of biodiversity, plastic pollution now plays a predominant role in altering ecosystems globally. Here, we review the occurrence of plastic ingestion by wildlife through evolutionary and ecological lenses and address the fundamental question of why living organisms ingest plastic. We unify evolutionary, ecological, and cognitive approaches under the evolutionary trap theory and identify three main factors that may drive plastic ingestion: (i) the availability of plastics in the environment, (ii) an individual’s acceptance threshold, and (iii) the overlap of cues given by natural foods and plastics Ngā tauwhirotanga o te wā Karen Karen A Stockin, PhD Professor – Marine Biology Rutherford Discovery Fellow – Royal Society Te Aparangi Cetacean Ecology Research Group | School of Natural and Computational Sciences | Massey University Private Bag 102 904, North Shore, Auckland 0745, New Zealand Physical Address: Building 5, Gate 4, The Station Crescent, Albany, Auckland, New Zealand [cid:image001.png@01D7C036.F9BA92C0] +64 (0)21 423997 • k.a.stockin(a)massey.ac.nz<mailto:k.a.stockin@massey.ac.nz> • http://www.cetaceanecology.org<http://www.cetaceanecology.org/> [cid:image002.png@01D7C036.F9BA92C0]<https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Karen_Stockin> [cid:image003.png@01D7C036.F9BA92C0] <https://scholar.google.co.nz/citations?user=3veDZKUAAAAJ&hl=en> [cid:image004.png@01D7C036.F9BA92C0] <https://twitter.com/karen_stockin> [cid:image005.png@01D7C036.F9BA92C0] <https://www.facebook.com/CetaceanEcologyOrg/posts/3281214818613245> [cid:image006.png@01D7C036.F9BA92C0] <https://www.massey.ac.nz/massey/expertise/profile.cfm?stref=926050> [cid:image007.png@01D7C036.F9BA92C0] <https://www.massey.ac.nz/massey/explore/research/animal-veterinary/animal/m…> [cid:image008.png@01D7C036.F9BA92C0]<https://www.cetaceanecology.org/>

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