May 2019 - MARMAM - devlists.uvic.ca

New paper on modelling blue whale lifetime reproductive success to predict the consequences of multiple stressors
by Enrico Pirotta 20 May '19

20 May '19

Dear MARMAM colleagues, We are pleased to announce that the following paper is now available in Early view: Enrico Pirotta, Marc Mangel, Daniel P. Costa, Jeremy Goldbogen, John Harwood, Vincent Hin, Ladd M. Irvine, Bruce R. Mate, Elizabeth A. McHuron, Daniel M. Palacios, Lisa K. Schwarz, Leslie New. 2019. Anthropogenic disturbance in a changing environment: modelling lifetime reproductive success to predict the consequences of multiple stressors on a migratory population. Oikos. Abstract: Animals make behavioural and reproductive decisions that maximise their lifetime reproductive success, and thus their fitness, in light of periodic and stochastic variability of the environment. Modelling the variation of an individual's energy levels formalises this tradeoff and helps to quantify the population‐level consequences of stressors (e.g. disturbance from human activities and environmental change) that can affect behaviour or physiology. In this study, we develop a dynamic state variable model for the spatially explicit behaviour, physiology and reproduction of a female, long‐lived, migratory marine vertebrate. The model can be used to investigate the spatio‐temporal patterns of behaviour and reproduction that allow an individual to maximise its overall reproductive output. We parametrised the model for eastern North Pacific blue whales Balaenoptera musculus, and used it to predict the effects of changing environmental conditions and increasing human disturbance on the population's vital rates. In baseline conditions, the model output had high fidelity to observed energy dynamics, movement patterns and reproductive strategies. Simulated scenarios suggested that environmental changes could have severe consequences on the population's vital rates, but that individuals could tolerate high levels of anthropogenic disturbance. However, this ability depended on where, when and how often disturbance occurred. In scenarios with both environmental change and anthropogenic disturbance, synergistic interactions caused stronger effects than in isolation. In general, larger body size offered a buffer against stochasticity and disturbance, and, consequently, we predicted juveniles to be more susceptible to disturbance. We also predicted that females prioritise their own survival at the expense of the current reproductive attempt, presumably the result of their long lifespan. Our approach provides a general framework to make predictions of the cumulative and synergistic effects of human disturbance and climate change on migratory populations, which can inform effective management and conservation efforts. A PDF copy of the paper can be downloaded from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/oik.06146 Please do not hesitate to contact me for any question regarding our work. Best Regards, Enrico Pirotta

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Common Dolphin Volunteer Position, New Zealand
by Krista Hupman 19 May '19

19 May '19

Common Dolphin Volunteer Position, New Zealand A volunteer is required to assist with an ongoing study investigating the occurrence, residency and movement of common dolphins around New Zealand. This work involves desktop research including data entry and photo-identification. This project is part of the ongoing research for the Marine Megafauna Group at the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington. DATES: June - September 2019. A minimum commitment of three months is required, and priority will be given to those who can commit for longer periods. LOCATION: Worldwide - can be completed from the successful candidates’ home or university or the candidate is welcome to work at NIWA in Wellington, New Zealand. As this is a volunteer position, there is unfortunately no monetary compensation or living provisions. If the candidate chooses to work in New Zealand, they will be responsible for arranging their own accommodation, living expenses, travel costs and visa. QUALIFICATIONS: . The project is well suited to upper level undergrads, recent graduates and graduate students who have some background in biology, marine biology, ecology, zoology or related fields. . Computer proficiency in MS Office (especially Excel) is a requirement. Additionally, proficiency in photo manipulation software (such as photoshop) would be an asset. APPLICATION PROCESS: . Email your CV to krista.hupman(a)niwa.co.nz<mailto:krista.hupman@niwa.co.nz> . Outline why you would like to work on this project, the dates when you are available to assist on the project, your qualifications and relevant experience. [cid:image141253.PNG@da9b87d5.43bf2495]<http://www.niwa.co.nz> Dr Krista Hupman Cetacean Biologist/Ecologist T +64-4-386-0527 National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA) 301 Evans Bay Parade, Greta Point, Wellington Connect with NIWA: niwa.co.nz<https://www.niwa.co.nz> Facebook<https://www.facebook.com/nzniwa> Twitter<https://twitter.com/niwa_nz> LinkedIn<https://www.linkedin.com/company/niwa> Instagram<https://www.instagram.com/niwa_science> To ensure compliance with legal requirements and to maintain cyber security standards, NIWA's IT systems are subject to ongoing monitoring, activity logging and auditing. This monitoring and auditing service may be provided by third parties. Such third parties can access information transmitted to, processed by and stored on NIWA's IT systems.

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Job Posting Senior Analyst ESA/MMPA Support Services
by BRUCE Morehead 18 May '19

18 May '19

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Whale Conservation and Heritage Awards: apply now!
by Dylan Walker 17 May '19

17 May '19

Dear Marmamers, The deadline for applications for the Whale Conservation and Heritage Awards is fast approaching. The awards, organised by the World Cetacean Alliance (WCA), are open to all and require completion of a simple online abstract form <https://www.worldwhaleconference.com/Whale-Conservation-and-Heritage-Awards> by 31 May. The award winners will be announced at the 2019 World Whale Conference, 7-12 October, Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia. *The awards* The Whale Conservation and Heritage Awards seek to recognise and encourage excellence across the fields of conservation, animal welfare, community engagement, and sustainable practices in relation to cetaceans and their habitats. These are the fundamental principles by which the WCA partnership operates. Award winners will evidence clear benefits for cetaceans and their habitats under the relevant category. *Am I Eligible?* The competition is open to entry from individuals or organisations, amateurs and professionals, from both inside and outside the WCA partnership, worldwide. We are particularly keen to see and spread the word about successful, small-scale efforts and projects with the potential to be replicated nationally or internationally. *To apply click here: * https://www.worldwhaleconference.com/Whale-Conservation-and-Heritage-Awards *What are the award categories?* *Inspiring Change Award* This award will go to an individual, organisation, or business that has provided information, tools, resources, services or products that encouraged a change in human behaviour to the benefit of cetacean conservation or welfare. *Responsible Whale and Dolphin Tourism Award* This award recognises tourism providers who are making a positive difference in the destination where they operate by adopting sustainable management practices or educational experiences and achieving positive impact for local cetacean and human communities. Our aim is to reward innovation and leadership in all forms of responsible whale and dolphin tourism, in the hope that the wider industry will step forward with similar ambitions. *Whales & Dolphins in the Heart of the Community Award* This award will go to an individual, organisation, or business, that improves the impact and effectiveness of a community in its attempts to protect whales, dolphins, porpoises, and their habitats through sustainable practices, conservation initiatives, animal welfare interventions, or conservation-based research. The community must benefit collectively through community-wide efforts and initiatives that maintain or improve local marine ecosystems. *Innovation for Cetacean Conservation Award* This award will go to an individual, organisation, or business that conducts the most innovative research or conservation project designed to protect cetaceans and their habitats. *Awards ceremony* During the World Whale Conference, the Whale Conservation and Heritage Awards will showcase destinations, businesses, charities, events, and communities leading the way in marine conservation, community engagement, and sustainable development. Awards will be given to leading initiatives in front of representatives from tourist destinations, international institutions and the private sector, along with global experts in tourism, sustainability, the arts, marine conservation, scientific research and commercial whale watching. If you have any questions prior to applying please get in touch. Regards, *Dylan Walker *Chief Executive Officer *World Cetacean Alliance* Studio 3, Lower Promenade Madeira Drive, Brighton, BN2 1ET, UK. t: +44 (0) 1273 355011 c: +44 (0) 7900 471490 e: dylan(a)worldcetaceanalliance.org <sophie.lewis(a)worldcetaceanalliance.org> World Whale Conference 2019 <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RQClwulOi8> The World Cetacean Alliance (WCA) is a Partnership of over 100 organisations and individuals in 40 countries worldwide working collaboratively to protect cetaceans and their habitats. World Cetacean Alliance, the Secretariat to the Partnership, is a UK registered Charity no. 1160484. The content of this e-mail is intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom it is addressed. If you have received this communication in error, be aware that forwarding it, copying it, or in any way disclosing its content to any other person, is strictly prohibited. If you have received this communication in error, please notify the author by replying to this e-mail immediately. Please consider the environment before printing this email or it's attachments.

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fall internship with California sea lions
by Stefani Skrovan 17 May '19

17 May '19

*JOB OFFER **: Internship* URGENT – 27th of September to end of October, 2019 (some flexibility available) internship (volunteer) Employer and immediate supervisor: SLEWTHS/ATR Intl, Dr. Jenifer Zeligs For more information please visit our website: www.animaltraining.us SLEWTHS is a not for profit group affiliated with the California State University system. We care for 5 rescued and un-releasable California sea lions. One way we fund-raise for our colony is by participating in 2-3 public outreach programs that teach conversation messages to the public using our sea lions as ocean ambassadors. We are looking for enthusiastic individuals to join our staff for the 2019 Arizona State Fair public outreach program in Arizona, USA. *Internship type* Full-time. *Location* SLEWTHS 8272 Moss Landing Rd Moss Landing, California 95039 *Internship dates* - 27 September until 31 October 2019 (1 person needed) (some flexibility available) * Internship description* Interns will help with daily tasks which include but are not limited to: - Diet preparation for the sea lions - Clean and prepare facility for public demonstrations - Support staff in the facilitation of sea lion/ general public interactions o Sell tickets and merchandise o Take, print and distribute photos o Interface with the public o Assist trainers *Internship requirements and conditions* - Be 18 years old or older - Education (in order of priority) : College, high school - Be at ease when interacting with the public - Customer service experience preferred - SLEWTHS is a non-profit organization operating on a small budget, which means. interns must cover their own travel costs to Moss Landing, California or Phoenix, Arizona *- Accommodation: full room/board in shared, dorm style housing is provided* *in Phoenix, Arizona* *-Small stipend of $50/week* - Interns must be flexible and capable of working as part of a team in sometimes difficult conditions (7 days per week; long days in potentially hot weather) * Learning outcomes:* Interns will gain experience and knowledge about an entire transportable, elite and federally regulated marine mammal facility. Learn how to care for California sea lions. Gain extensive knowledge about the California sea lion, environmental education and conservation. Gain confidence and experience when interacting with the public. *How to apply*: Please send your CV (resume) to slewths(a)mlml.calstate.edu, by July 26 at the latest. Should you have any further questions, feel free to contact us at the same address. Looking forward to your applications! The SLEWTHS Team -- Stefani Skrovan Curator of Animals Moss Landing Marine Labs Animal Training and Research Intl. 8272 Moss Landing Rd Moss Landing CA 95039 831-771-4191

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Aquatic Mammals issue 45.3 published online
by Kathleen Dudzinski 16 May '19

16 May '19

Dear MARMAM and ECS Talk subscribers, Apologies to those of you who will receive duplicate emails due to cross-posting. The following titles represent the contents of the most recent issue (Volume 45, issue 3, 2019) of Aquatic Mammals. For individuals with a print subscription, the double print copy of 45.3/45.4 will be mailed in late July. Aquatic Mammals is the longest running peer-reviewed journal dedicated to research on aquatic mammals and is published quarterly with manuscripts available as published PDFs in real time. Further information about the journal can be found at: http://www.aquaticmammalsjournal.org/ <http://www.aquaticmammalsjournal.org/> To submit a manuscript for publication consideration, please visit: http://am.expressacademic.org/actions/author.php <http://am.expressacademic.org/actions/author.php> Thank you for your continued interest in the journal and abstract postings. With regards, Kathleen M. Dudzinski, Ph.D. Editor, Aquatic Mammals Journal business(a)aquaticmammalsjournal.org <mailto:business@aquaticmammalsjournal.org> Stephanie H. Stack, Jens J. Currie, Jessica A. McCordic, and Grace L. Olson. (2019). Incidence of Odontocetes with Dorsal Fin Collapse in Maui Nui, Hawaii. Aquatic Mammals 45(3): 257-265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.257 <https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.257> Jorge Acevedo, Anelio Aguayo-Lobo, Daniela Haro, Gabriela Garrido, and Carlos Olave. (2019). Occurrence of the Commersonʼs Dolphin (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) in Fitz Roy Channel, Pacific Coast of Chilean Patagonia. Aquatic Mammals 45(3): 266-273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.266 <https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.266> Bingyao Chen, Lin Zhu, Thomas A. Jefferson, Kaiya Zhou, and Guang Yang. (2019). Coastal Bryde’s Whales’ (Balaenoptera edeni) Foraging Area Near Weizhou Island in the Beibu Gulf. Aquatic Mammals 45(3): 274-279. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.274 <https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.274> Ronald A. Kastelein, Lean Helder-Hoek, Ruby van Kester, Rowanne Huisman, and Robin Gransier. (2019). Temporary Hearing Threshold Shift in Harbor Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) Due to One-Sixth Octave Noise Band at 16 kHz. Aquatic Mammals 45(3): 280-292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.280 <https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.280> Jorge Acevedo, Romeo Vargas, Daniel Torres, and Anelio Aguayo-Lobo. (2019). Northerly Births of the Southern Elephant Seal (Mirounga leonina) in Their Former Southeast Pacific Distribution. Aquatic Mammals 45(3): 293-298. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.293 <https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.293> Edgar E. Becerril-García, Hiram Rosales-Nanduca, Aurora Paniagua-Mendoza, Roberto Robles-Hernández, and Fernando R. Elorriaga-Verplancken. (2019). Records of Whalesuckers (Remora australis) on Short-Beaked Common Dolphins (Delphinus delphis) in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Aquatic Mammals 45(3): 299-302. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.299 <https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.299> Danielle M. Halteman and Wendy L. Ryan. (2019). The Effect of Group Composition on the Social Behaviors of Beluga Whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in an Artificial Environment. Aquatic Mammals 45(3): 303-310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.303 <https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.303> Mingzhong Liu, Peijun Zhang, Kuan Li, Mingming Liu, and Songhai Li. (2019). Efficiency and Effect Evaluation of Remote Biopsy Sampling on Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins (Sousa chinensis) in the Northern South China Sea. Aquatic Mammals 45(3): 311-319. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.311 <https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.311> Aldo S. Pacheco, Cristina Castro, Romina Carnero-Huaman, Damian Villagra, Santiago Pinilla, Judith Denkinger, José D. Palacios-Alfaro, Cristina Sánchez-Godinez, Rocío González-Ruelas, Sebastian Silva, Belen Alcorta, and Jorge Urbán R. (2019). Sightings of an Adult Male Killer Whale Match Humpback Whale Breeding Seasons in Both Hemispheres in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Aquatic Mammals 45(3): 320-326. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.320 <https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.320> Ioannis Giovos, Dimitrios K. Moutopoulos, Shotaro Nakagun, Nina Vieira, Elena Akritopoulou, Amalia Floriou-Servou, Beatrice Savinelli, Myron Papadopoulos, Loriane Mendez, Sergio Calle Lobo, Emiliano Zaratua, Maria Garagouni, Georgios Orfanidis, and Cristina Brito. (2019). An International Online Social Survey of Public Attitudes Towards Cetaceans. Aquatic Mammals 45(3): 327-339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.327 <https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.327> Rianna E. Burnham and David A. Duffus. (2019). Acoustic Predator–Prey Reaction: Gray Whales’ (Eschrichtius robustus) Acoustic Response to Killer Whales (Orcinus orca). Aquatic Mammals 45(3): 340-348. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.340 <https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.340> Ronald A. Kastelein, Robin Gransier, Marloe Brouwers, and Lean Helder-Hoek. (2019). Hearing Thresholds of Two Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina) for Helicopter Dipping Sonar Signals (1.3-1.4 kHz). Aquatic Mammals 45(3): 349-355. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.349 <https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.349> Letter to the Editor Javier Almunia. (2019). The 47th Annual EAAM Symposium 2019 – Scientific Program. Aquatic Mammals 45(3): 356-357. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.356 <https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.3.2019.356>

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Dolphin Research Courses in Slovenia
by Tilen Genov 16 May '19

16 May '19

Dear MARMAMers *Morigenos - Slovenian Marine Mammal Society* is organising *Dolphin Research Courses* in *Piran, Slovenia*, between July and September 2019, where interested individuals can participate in field research and help study dolphins in their natural environment. Morigenos is a non-profit NGO that aims to combine scientific research, education, public awareness and capacity building, to achieve effective conservation of marine mammals and the marine environment. Since 2002, Morigenos has been conducting long-term research on the ecology, behaviour and conservation of a resident population of *common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)* inhabiting the wider area of the Gulf of Trieste in the northern Adriatic Sea. The resulting scientific publications arising from this work can be found here: https://www.morigenos.org/en/scientific-publications/ The courses, organised annually since 2003, are open to both students and non-students, regardless of previous experience. During the 10-day course, participants will gain theoretical and practical experience in marine mammal research methodology, including boat- and land-based surveying, focal follows, behavioural observations, photo-identification, abundance estimation and studies of social structure. Training is provided both in the field and in the form of lectures. Accommodation is provided at Morigenos research base in a beautiful medieval town of Piran (Slovenia, EU), on the Adriatic Sea coast. Daily household duties are shared among participants and researchers. The course fee, which helps cover the fieldwork expenses and allows this research programme to continue, is €488 for students and €732 for non-students. The fee includes accommodation, food, fieldwork and training. There is no selection. Applications are treated on a "first-come, first served" basis. WHERE: Piran, Slovenia WHEN: July-September 2019 DURATION: 10 days PRICE: students 488 EUR, non-students 732 EUR (includes accommodation, food, fieldwork and training) More information, inquiries and registration at: https://www.morigenos.org/en/dolphin-research-courses/ pr(a)morigenos.org +386 31 77 10 77 Best wishes, Tilen Genov ____________________________________________ Morigenos - Slovenian Marine Mammal Society Kidricevo nabrezje 4 6330 Piran Slovenia www.morigenos.org www.facebook.org/morigenos twitter.com/Morigenos_org

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new publication on humpback whale feeding
by Alex Werth 15 May '19

15 May '19

On behalf of my coauthors (Madison Kosma, Ellen Chenoweth, and Jan Straley) I am pleased to announce the online, early view publication of our article in Marine Mammal Science on the use of drone and GoPro cameras to investigate the morphology and kinematics of prey engulfment in humpback whales: Werth, A.J., M.M. Kosma, E.M. Chenoweth, J.M. Straley. New views of humpback whale flow dynamics and oral morphology during prey engulfment. Marine Mammal Science. DOI: 10.1111/mms.12614 Abstract: The rise of inexpensive, user-friendly cameras and editing software promises to revolutionize data collection with minimal disturbance to marine mammals. Video sequences recorded by aerial drones and GoPro cameras provided close-up views and unique perspectives of humpback whales engulfing juvenile salmon at or just below the water surface in Southeast Alaska and Prince William Sound. Although humpback feeding is famous for its flexibility, several stereotyped events were noted in the 47 lunges we analyzed. Engulfment was rapid (mean 2.07 s), and the entrance through which the tongue inverts into the ventral pouch was seen as water rushes in. Cranial elevation was a major contributor to gape, and pouch contraction sometimes began before full gape closure, with reverberating waves indicating rebounding flow of water within the expanded pouch. Expulsion of filtered water began with a small splash at the anterior of the mouth, followed by sustained excurrent flow in the mouth's central or posterior regions. Apart from a splash of rebounding water, water within the mouth was surprisingly turbulence-free during engulfment, but submersion of the whale's head created visible surface whirlpools and vortices which may aggregate prey for subsequent engulfment. The article can be accessed via the Wiley Online Library and journal website; contact me if interested. Best regards, Alex _______________________________ Alexander J. Werth, Ph.D. Trinkle Professor of Biology Hampden-Sydney College Box 162, Hampden-Sydney, VA 23943 USA 434-223-6326, fax 434-223-6374 http://www.hsc.edu/alex-werth

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New paper: Common and Antarctic Minke Whales: Conservation Status and Future Research Directions
by Denise Risch 15 May '19

15 May '19

Dear all, I am pleased to announce the recent publication of our review paper: Risch D, Norris T, Curnock M, Friedlaender A (2019) Common and Antarctic Minke Whales: Conservation Status and Future Research Directions. Front Mar Sci 6:247 Abstract Minke whales comprise some of the most widely distributed species of baleen whales, some populations of which are still regularly targeted by commercial whaling. Here, we review the conservation status of common (*Balaenoptera acutorostrata*) and Antarctic (*Balaenoptera bonaerensis*) minke whale populations, against the backdrop of ongoing whaling operations and other anthropogenic threats, including climate change, entanglement in fishing gear, ship strikes, and noise pollution. Although some coastal minke whale populations have been studied in detail, others, which inhabit remote and ecologically sensitive locations, such as the Antarctic ice shelf, are among the least understood populations of marine mammals. The unresolved taxonomy of dwarf minke whales further highlights some of the existing knowledge gaps concerning these species. Due to their relatively small size and elusive behaviors, large uncertainties exist for almost all minke whale populations with respect to behavior, migratory routes and winter distributions, hindering effective conservation and management. However, recent advances in research technology, such as passive acoustic monitoring (PAM), unmanned aerial systems (UAS), multisensor recording tags, and machine learning assisted photo-identification, are increasingly being applied to study minke whales and their habitat, and are starting to open new windows into their life history and ecology. In future research, these non- and less-invasive methods should be integrated in larger-scale comparative studies aiming to better understand minke whale behavior, ecological interactions and their varying habitats to drive and support effective species conservation. The paper is open access and available here: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2019.00247/full Best, Denise

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PSO Training in Monterey CA June 1-2, 2019
by Angela Bostwick 15 May '19

15 May '19

MPSC is holding a training course in Monterey, CA that provides Protected Species Observer (also known as Marine Mammal Observer) certification on June 1st-2nd. This class will include a private vessel trip to Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary! The Sanctuary hosts an incredible diversity of marine mammals, and is one of the best places to see marine mammals year-round. Currently, transient killer whales are active in the Sanctuary, in addition to superpods of dolphins, and various species of large whales, pinnipeds, etc. The vessel trip will provide opportunity to practice the skills discussed in class regarding locating and identifying marine mammals and sea turtles, and attendees will also be able to practice wildlife photography using manual settings on digital SLR cameras, and estimating distance using binoculars with reticles. This course will also host a special guest speaker from the US Antarctic Program, whom will discuss life at sea and working in remote settings. This training is approved by the federal agencies Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) in coordination with National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to provide Protected Species Observer certification for seismic surveys in the Gulf of Mexico, and is a long-standing industry standard which may often be accepted in various other regions or industries where monitoring and mitigation for protected species is needed. The course examines the regulations for reducing seismic survey impacts to marine mammals and sea turtles, how to visually locate and identify the animals, and objective documentation of animal behavior for reporting to regulatory agencies. Student/recent graduate and government or non-profit discounts are available. Lunch is provided each day, along with various identification guides and regulatory documents (yours to keep), advice on applying to PSO positions, the vessel trip, and the professional certification. MPSC will also be holding PSO Training in Boston, MA on June 8-9. Additional information for either course may be found online at http://www.protectedspeciesobservers.com/, by contacting me at ABostwick(a)psocertifications.com, or by phone at 832-523-2402. Thank you, Angela Bostwick Founder / Marine Protected Species Consulting ProtectedSpeciesObservers.com https://Facebook.com/ProtectedSpeciesObservers/

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