May 2019 - MARMAM - devlists.uvic.ca

BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN - ATLANTIC SPOTTED DOLPHIN, INTERNS AND VOLUNTEERS PROGRAM 2019 (VENEZUELA)
by Sergio Cobarrubia 31 May '19

31 May '19

BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN - ATLANTIC SPOTTED DOLPHIN PROJECT RESEARCH IN VENEZUELA. INTERNS AND VOLUNTEER PROGRAM 2019. Laboratory of Ecosystems and Global Change (LEGC-IVIC) and Provita. BACKGROUND: The Laboratory of Ecosystems and Global Change (LEGC) of the Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Research (IVIC, www.ivic.gob.ve) invites the first season of internships-volunteering (2019) in the study of coastal dolphins. LEGC is a scientific team that among its research lines on the fauna of coastal and riparian ecosystems, it has established the first one on aquatic mammals in Venezuela. On the other hand, Provita is an important NGO that contributes to the research and conservation in Venezuela. This research will begin with a project focused on sociobiology (social structure, social networks and bioacoustics) of resident groups of the coastal bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and the Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) in the central coast of Venezuela. This, after an experience of 5 years in that locality studying ecological aspects of T. truncatus *(https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-018-0401-1). The coast of Aragua not only houses these species, but also the Bryde's whale (*Balaenoptera edeni*), the common dolphin (Delphinus sp.) and the spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris). Of which basic information is collected too. LEGC interns and volunteers are young, hard-working who are willing to contribute to research by learning as they experience fieldwork in teams, field techniques for collecting and processing data and methodologies. All team members and interns share academic space, housing in the Institute, housework in the study area, knowledge and experience in a friendly and multicultural environment. The internship consists of three weeks: The first week of theoretical-practical preparation (24 theoretical hours and 16 practicals hours) at the IVIC Ecology Center ( www.ivic.gob.ve/es/investigacion-3/centros-31/ecologia-316) The second week of seven field surveys for data collection (42 h) on the Cata Bay (Aragua state) and the third week for data storage and analysis at the IVIC Ecology Center (40 h). The volunteering consist of the second and third weeks. WHERE: Theory: LEGC, Center of Ecology (IVIC) Miranda State, Caracas (10 23 N - 66 58 W). Practice: Cata Bay, western coast of the (rain forest) National Park Henry Pittier, Aragua state (central coast of Venezuela) 150 km from Caracas (DC) (10 29 N - 67 44 W). PROGRAM: Interns (Three weeks) ? Volunteers (Two weeks). 1st WEEK (LEGC-Ecology Center, 40 hours. For Interns). - Monday: What is a cetacean? The cetaceans and the human in history. Origin, evolution and diversity. Adaptations for aquatic life: Anatomy and Physiology. Life histories. Biogeography Distribution. Ecology Behavior. Conservation. - Tuesday: Identification of species reported for Venezuela. Basic logistics for the study of cetaceans on the mainland, sea and air. Basic equipment to collect information. - Wednesday: How to detect cetaceans and record an effective sighting? Basic data to collect during a sighting, calibration and use of GPS. Configuration and use of the SLR cameras. Download of sightings (GIS). Download pictures and selection (software). - Thursday: Daily encounter ratio. Photo-identification as a tool for ecological and behavioral studies. Estimates of abundance. Local distribution and areas of action. - Friday: Residential patterns. Behavior (deployments, states, daily budget). Habitat use. Social structure and social networks. Bioacoustics. Saturday: Break. Sunday: Transfer to the Cata Bay. 2nd WEEK (Cata Bay-Provita, 42 hours. For Interns and Volunteers). The field surveys will be carried out in a fishing vessel of 9 m in length by 2 of beam. The field work will depend on the climatic conditions, however, the Aragua coast offers few climatic inconveniences throughout the year. There will be 5 morning of field surveys in the week, after each survey is lunch, rest and then proceed to download the data of sightings and then interpret them preliminarily and discuss them. In the field surveys, it will be implemented: - The identification and recognition of the elements of the marine landscape and the method of tracking and detection of cetaceans. - Ethical navigation mode to study cetaceans. - The basic data collection / sighting. - Use of GPS. - Use of SRL camera. - Counting of individuals and composition of a group. - Identification of the behavioral states that configure group behavior and its recording. - Use of hydrophone. In the afternoon the information of the sightings will be downloaded: - Sighting forms. - Latitude and longitude. - Photographs and their selection. - Voice recordings (behavior). - Recordings of vocalizations. 3rd WEEK (LEGC-Ecology Center, 40 hours. For Interns and volunteers). PRACTICAL FEES: Accomodation, food and transport (airport-IVIC-Cata Bay-IVIC-airport) are paid. The cost of internships and volunteers is US $ 690 for the compensation of logistical expenses of the field surveys. For more information, please contact:sergio.cobarrubia@gmail.com. WHEN: During the year there will be 6 internships-volunteering sessions (February, April, June, August, October, November). For interns, second, third and fourth week of the months scheduled. For volunteers, third and fourth week of the scheduled months. VACANTS: 4 people / internship or volunteerng. Not included in the rate: - Meals in restaurants - Free time activities - Personal insurance (all participants must have health and / or travel insurance) - Personal expenses. INTEREST IS EXPECTED: - Being over 18 years - Iterns: Preference will be given to undergraduate students and professional students (biology, marine biology, environmental, conservation and plus). - Volunteer: No preferences. - Have a mature attitude towards the investigation of marine mammals and environment - Be autonomous and flexible - To be able to live and work in an international team and mainly outdoors in the sea - Speak Spanish, English or Portuguese. ACADEMIC CREDITS: The LEGC will certify the work performed by intern or volunteer through a diploma with the recognition of the hours (academic-practical) worked. APPLICATION AND QUESTIONS: Applicants must write to sergio.cobarrubia(a)gmail.com with the subject "DOLPHINS PROJECT_Name". You will be sent a confirmation email with all the details about the study area and the species present, the practices and requesting your CV resume, motivation letter (small statement about what your expectations are and why you want to work with LEGC) and the internship month of your choice. Applications will be accepted throughout the year, however, early application is recommended due to limited vacancies. -- *Sergio Enrique Cobarrubia Russo* Laboratorio de Ecosistemas y Cambio Global Centro de Ecología Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas Venezuela.

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USC. PhD project available on social evolution in dolphins
by Celine Frere 30 May '19

30 May '19

A PhD project is available in Celine Frere's Lab on the evolution of social behaviour in dolphins. In particular, the project will focus on the role that long-term avoidances play in shaping dyadic social cohesion and population level social structure. This PhD project will take advantage of the 36+ years of behavioural, ecological and genetic dataset on the Monkey Mia, Shark Bay, dolphins (https://monkeymiadolphins.org<https://monkeymiadolphins.org/>). Most research on the evolution of social behaviour has to date focused on affiliative behaviour. This was obviously influenced by our desire to understand the evolution of cooperative behaviour; a threat to Darwin's theory of natural selection. However, affiliation represents only one side of the coin: individuals also can and do choose to actively and consistently avoid conspecifics over long periods of time, even when they share space or habitat. Though avoidance is generally accepted as an alternative to preference in animal societies, few studies have attempted to characterise the ecological or genetic conditions that drive its evolution. This PhD project will be based at the University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia. You will be supervised by Dr Celine Frere (www.celinefrerelab.com<http://www.celinefrerelab.com>) and co-supervised by Professor Janet Mann (Georgetown University). This project will require PhD students to develop strong quantitative skills (R coding and modelling) as well as spending 2 months per year in the field in Monkey Mia, Shark Bay, Western Australia. Applicants will need to have an extremely competitive academic record and obtain an Australian Postgraduate Award or International Research and Fee Remission Scholarships. The RTP Scholarship Round will open on Monday 3 June. More information about the application process and internal deadlines for prospective students can be found on the Applying for a Research Training Program web page (for details and scholarship application forms https://www.usc.edu.au/research-and-innovation/researchstudents/hdr-scholar…) The main application deadlines for these scholarships are 13th of October 2019 (Domestic and International), but application to the HDR/PHD programs must be processed prior to the 13th of October 2019. Please contact Celine Frere (cfrere@ usc.edu.au) before the 15th of June 2019. Celine Frere PhD #SuperstarsofSTEM Senior Research Fellow Office: KDM2 Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering University of the Sunshine Coast 90 Sippy Downs Drive Sippy Downs Queensland 4556 Australia mobile: 0423312893 work: 0754565415 celinefrerelab.com [cid:image002.jpg@01D0D8E1.DA4153E0] [Signature block logos] USC, Locked Bag 4, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, 4558 Australia. CRICOS Provider No: 01595D Please consider the environment before printing this email. This email is confidential. If received in error, please delete it from your system.

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Fwd: Marine Mammal Research Techniques Course - Cape Town, SA. Nov 2019
by Simon Elwen 30 May '19

30 May '19

Dear Colleagues Sea Search Research and Conservation will be running a 4 week course on marine mammal research techniques - see below and attached flyer. We would greatly appreciate if you could please pass this information around your departments and to potentially interested undergrad or post-grad students. Kind regards, Dr Simon Elwen and Dr Tess Gridley Information below and attached and contact info(a)seasearch.co.za for more details: --- --- --- --- *Where *- Cape Town,South Africa *When *- November 2019 *Target audience* - students and early career researchers engaging or interested in research on marine mammals and other large marine vertebrates. ---- ---- ---- Course Summary. This academically intensive course is targeted at students and postgraduates with a strong interest in a career in marine mammal research. Based on decades on cumulative team experience this course will provide you with a sound knowledge of survey design, research tools, data collection and analytical methods to enable you to effectively set up and conduct a research study on whales and dolphins and efficiently analyse your data. Course leaders: Dr Simon Elwen & Dr Tess Gridley. Date: 04 to 29 Nov. Course Content - Survey & Experimental Design - Photographic & Video Methods - Acoustic research methods - Shore based tracking - Behavioural data collection - Intro to GIS / Telemetry / Strandings / Boat skills Modules consist of a combination of lectures, discussion, computer based and field-based practical exercises. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Simon Elwen Ph.D. NRF Research Fellow at the Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria Based at Sea Search Research & Conservation - Muizenberg, Cape Town. Phone: +27 21 788 1206 (Office SA), +27 71 139 5951 (Mob SA) www.seasearch.co.za & www.namibiandolphinproject.org

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MARINE MAMMAL INTERNSHIP IN PORT CHARLOTTE, FL
by Schubert, Molly 29 May '19

29 May '19

The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission's Marine Mammals section at the Charlotte Harbor Field Lab in Port Charlotte, FL is accepting applications for fall interns. The Southwest Field Lab is offering two internships to driven, self-motivated individuals for the Fall 2019 season. The expected start date for the internship is mid to late August, however, start dates will be flexible. Working hours are typically four to five days a week, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Some additional night and weekend hours may be required. The position is located in Port Charlotte on the west coast of Florida, just north of Fort Myers. The intern's duties would include assisting with manatee and cetacean carcass salvage, necropsies, research projects (temperature monitoring, Photo ID, etc.), public outreach, and occasional rescues. The intern will also assist with office duties including mortality reports, upkeep of databases, and other office work as needed. To perform the tasks mentioned, interns will operate FWC trucks and dependent upon experience, trailers and boats up to 22' in length. At the end of the internship, interns are required to complete a project and a 10-15 minute presentation on a marine mammal topic of their choosing. Unfortunately, this is an unpaid position and FWC cannot provide housing or transportation. Qualifications: * College juniors, seniors, recent graduates, and graduate students are eligible * Interns must have some research field experience * Interns must be comfortable operating large trucks and speaking to the public * Familiarity with digital cameras, telephoto lenses, and filters is preferred, but can be trained * Computer literacy * Previous animal handling experience is desirable but not necessary * Ability to trailer and operate watercrafts up to 22' in length and experience with radio telemetry tracking gear is desirable, but not necessary * Interns must be able to lift 50 lbs., swim, and possess a valid US driver's license * Interns should understand that this job will require them to be wet, dirty and outdoors in all weather conditions for long periods of time Application Process: If you are interested in applying for an internship with FWRI, please provide the following information: * A cover letter describing area(s) of interest and the dates, days, and hours of availability * A resume describing training and experience * Names and contact information for at least three references * An unofficial copy of your academic transcript Please send these items as e-mail attachments to: Interns(a)MyFWC.com If electronic submission is not possible, hard copies can be mailed to: Internship Coordinator 585 Prineville Street Port Charlotte, FL 33954

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SEEKING OLD MARINE MAMMAL LITERATURE
by Thomas Jefferson 29 May '19

29 May '19

Dear MARMAM, I am looking for original copies (not PDFs) of the following books and monographs: Anderson, J. (1879 [1878]). Anatomical and Zoological Researches: Comprising an Account of the Zoological Results of the Two Expeditions to Western Yunnan in 1868 and 1875; and a Monograph of the Two Cetacean Genera, Platanista and Orcella (Vol. Two Volumes): Bernard Quartich. Burmeister, H. (1869). Descripción de cuatro especies de delfinides de la costa Argentina del Océano Atlántico. Anales del Museo de Historie Natural de Buenos Aires, 1(8), 367-442. Cuvier, G. (1823). Recherches sur les Ossemans Fossiles, ou l’on Retablit les Caracteres de Plusieurs Animaux don les Revolutions du Globe ont Detruit les Especes. Nouvelle Edition, Tome Cinquieme: Chez G. Dufour et E. d’Ocague, Libraires, Paris. Cuvier, G. (1836). Recherches sur les Ossemans Fossiles, ou l’on Retablit les Caracteres de Plusieurs Animaux don les Revolutions du Globe ont Detruit les Especes. Quatrieme Edition, Tome Duexieme (Vol. 2). Cuvier, F. (1836). De l'Histoire Naturelle des Cetaces, ou Recureil et Examen des Faits: Libraire Encyclpopedique de Roret, Paris. Gray, J. E. (1868). Synopsis of the Species of Whales and Dolphins in the Collection of the British Museum: Bernard Quartitch. Guldberg, G., & Nansen, F. (1894). On the development and structure of the whale. Part 1. On the development of the dolphin. Bergens Museum 5, 5, 70 pp. +77pls. Wagner, J. A. (1846). Die Saugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Berschreibungen. Seibenter Theil (Vol. 7): Erlangen, Leipzig, Germany. Wiegmann, A. F. A. (1841). Die Saugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Berschreibungen (Plates 281-385): Erlangen, Leipzig, Germany. If anyone has copies of any these they would be willing to sell or trade for other books/reprints/monographs, please let me know.Thanks very much,Tom Jeffersonsclymene(a)aol.com

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SMM Small Research Grants Application Period Opens 1 June 2019
by Douglas Wartzok 28 May '19

28 May '19

The Society for Marine Mammalogy would like to inform eligible members (see below) that this year's Small Grants in Aid of Research application window opens on 1 June 2019. Applications will be accepted during the entire month of June. The Committee of Scientific Advisors will review applications and make recommendations on funding with decisions announced in early September 2019. The awards are up to US $2,000. All three of the following eligibility requirements must be met: 1. Be a member of the Society for Marine Mammalogy. 2. Be a national of any country not on this Excluded Country List: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, United Kingdom, and United States. Preference is given to early career researchers such as students and researchers with less than 5 years post-doctoral experience. 3. Be conducting research in a country not on the above Excluded Country List. The Small Grant web page<https://www.marinemammalscience.org/jobs-grants/grants-in-aid-of-research-i…> provides full information, links to past successful applications, a list of recipients from prior years and their completed project reports, and a link to the application itself. Please be mindful of the word limits in the various sections of the application. Last year 19 of 39 applicants received funding from $670 to $2,000. For technical questions regarding the online application, please email the Society webmaster at admin(a)marinemammalscience.org<mailto:admin@+marinemammalscience.org> For all other questions about the grants, please contact: Douglas Wartzok Chair Committee of Scientific Advisors Society for Marine Mammalogy wartzok(a)fiu.edu<mailto:wartzok@fiu.edu>

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Sea Turtle/Marine Mammal position with NOAA Fisheries in St. Petersburg, FL
by Jessica Powell - NOAA Federal 28 May '19

28 May '19

Hello all, An announcement for the Fish Biologist GS-0482-12 position at NOAA Fisheries Southeast Regional Office has been posted. The announcement will be open for 7 days, from 5/28/19 to 6/03/19. This position will primarily assist in reviewing, developing, and coordinating post-Deepwater Horizon restoration planning activities. NMFS-SER-2019-0010: https://www.usajobs.gov/GetJob/ViewDetails/534863700 <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.usajobs.gov_GetJob…> - Performs a variety of research, consultation, and resources management activities in the area of fish biology, to protect, recover and manage species listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). - Develops federal restoration projects and adaptive management plans involving marine mammals and sea turtles, which adhere to the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Endangered Species Act (ESA). - Collaborates with internal and external organizations to identify restoration opportunities and research needs. - Reviews restoration actions and proposals to ensure the effects of these projects on endangered species (especially sea turtles) are fully analyzed using the best scientific and commercial information available. - Prepares written reports, plans, agreements and environmental impact statements for a wide variety of audiences. - Collects, synthesizes, evaluates, and presents scientific data to develop restoration plans related to marine species. Jessica R. Powell, M.S. Biologist National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Regional Office 263 13th Avenue South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 727-824-5327 jessica.powell(a)noaa.gov

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new publication on Cook Inlet beluga & noise
by Manuel Castellote - NOAA Affiliate 28 May '19

28 May '19

Dear MARMAM recipients, We are happy to announce our new publication: Castellote, Thayre, Mahoney, Mondragon, Lammers & Small. 2018. Anthropogenic Noise and the Endangered Cook Inlet Beluga Whale, *Delphinapterus leucas*: Acoustic Considerations for Management. Marine Fisheries Review 80(3): 63-88. ABSTRACT: Anthropogenic noise has been identified as a major threat for the recovery of the endangered Cook Inlet beluga, *Delphinapterus leucas*, population, but little is known about its occurrence in critical habitat. We analyzed 8,756 h of acoustic recordings from different locations and months in Cook Inlet, Alaska, to describe anthropogenic noise, evaluate the potential for acoustic impact to Cook Inlet belugas, and provide management recommendations. Nine total sources of noise were identified: commercial ship, dredging, helicopter, jet aircraft (commercial or military non-fighter), fighter jet, propeller aircraft, outboard motor, pile driving, sub-bottom profiler, as well as four repetitive unidentified noise sources. Several noise metrics were compared across noise sources, months, and locations. A total of 6,263 anthropogenic acoustic events were detected and classified, for a total duration of 1,025 h representing 11.7% of the sound recordings analyzed. Anthropogenic noise was present in every day sampled. The natural background noise (i.e., ambient noise without anthropogenic contribution), in areas where currents and vegetative debris did cause minimal self-noise, was below 120 dBrms re. 1μPa for 94% to 100% of the time; much lower than previously reported and unsupportive of the current application of the elevated behavioral harassment threshold for non-impulsive noise of 125 dBrms. Based on spectral received levels and spatial and temporal prevalence, several anthropogenic noise sources in Cook Inlet have the potential to chronically mask beluga communication and hearing in most of the locations and periods sampled for this study. Current activities (e.g., shipping, dredging) exceed behavioral harassment levels on a daily basis in a significant portion of the critical habitat. Ship noise was identified as the top priority focus for noise mitigation management actions. A high concentration of noise sources was identified in the lower region of Knik Arm. This area is recommended for further research to evaluate the potential for beluga displacement and the basis to start considering cumulative impact effects in the permitting process. The amount of detected unidentified machinery noise or unclassifiable noises highlights the need for further research in coordination with industry, in particular in areas of oil and gas production (i.e., Trading Bay) or intense shipping related activities (i.e., facilities). Finally, unpermitted activities were also detected suggesting the need for further enforcement and outreach to increase the awareness towards this endangered population of belugas and the negative consequences of underwater noise in their protected habitat. The article can be downloaded at no cost in the following link: https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/content/mfr/anthropogenic-noise-and-endangered-co… Sincerely, Manuel Castellote -- Manuel Castellote, PhD Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington & Cetacean Assessment and Ecology Program, Marine Mammal Laboratory Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries 7600 Sand Point Way N.E. F/AKC3 Seattle, WA 98115-6349 (206) 526-6866 (voice) (206) 526-6615 (fax)

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New Publication: Feeding of humpback whales in Nicaragua
by Joëlle De Weerdt 28 May '19

28 May '19

Dear Colleagues, On behalf of my co-author Eric Angel Ramos and myself, I am pleased to announce the publication of our note in Marine Mammal Science on feeding of humpback whales in Nicaragua: De Weerdt J. And Ramos E. A. 2019. Feeding of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) on the Pacific coast of Nicaragua *Abstract* We report evidence of feeding by humpback whales in the Central American subpopulation of this species along the Pacific coast of Nicaragua during their winter breeding seasons in 2017 and 2018. Boat-based surveys were conducted to collect data on whales as part of ongoing studies at two field sites: Northern and Southern Nicaragua. We documented 18 events with either direct or indirect evidence of whale feeding activity, exclusively in Southern Nicaragua. Lunge feeding was observed on 6 occasions and in 12 sightings there was indirect evidence of feeding including the erratic surface movements, the presence of feces, and close associations with feeding aggregations of seabirds and dolphins. Photo-identification analysis revealed that at least one whale was documented feeding in both years, indicating some whales may regularly feed in this location to account for the energetic demands of migration. These findings provide important insights into the importance of Nicaragua for migrating humpback whales. The paper can be found here: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/mms.126 <http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/mms.12601>13 <http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/mms.12601> Please send an email to eliscientific(a)gmail.com if you wish to have a pdf version of the article. Beste regards, Joëlle De Weerdt Association ELI-S ELI-Scientific www.nicacetacea.org

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New paper on California sea lion stress and immune markers
by Geno DeRango 27 May '19

27 May '19

Dear MARMAM, My co-authors and I are happy to present the new publication: Eugene J DeRango, Katherine C Prager, Denise J Greig, Amanda W Hooper, Daniel E Crocker, Climate variability and life history impact stress, thyroid, and immune markers in California sea lions (*Zalophus californianus*) during El Niño conditions, *Conservation Physiology*, Volume 7, Issue 1, 2019, coz01. The PDF can be downloaded here open-access: https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coz010 Abstract: Wildlife is exposed to a diverse set of extrinsic and intrinsic stressors, such as climatic variation or life history constraints, which may impact individual health and fitness. El Niño and climatic anomalies between 2013 and 2016 had major ecological impacts on the California Current ecosystem. As top marine predators, California sea lions (CSL) experienced decreased prey availability and foraging success, impacting their nutritional state. We hypothesize that chronic stress to juvenile CSL increased during the 2015–2016 El Niño and that breeding represents a period of chronic stress for adults, which impact a variety of physiological processes. We opportunistically captured and sampled juvenile CSL (female, *n =* 29; male, *n =* 38) in central California and adult male CSL (*n =* 76) in Astoria, Oregon and quantified a suite of analytes in serum as indicators of acute stress markers, metabolism and thyroid function, and adaptive immune response. We found that stress hormones and glucose were decreased in juvenile CSL during 2016 relative to 2015 and in adult male CSL after the breeding season, which may indicate chronic stress downregulating HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis sensitivity with associated metabolic impacts. Conversely, thyroid hormones for both juvenile and adult male CSL were increased, suggesting greater energetic requirements resulting from increased foraging activity during suboptimal conditions in juveniles and breeding tenure in adult males. Immunoglobulin IgG was elevated in juveniles in 2016 but reduced in adult males post-breeding. This suggests that juveniles may face immunostimulatory pressure during anomalously warm ocean environments; however, for adult males, breeding is a significant energetic cost resulting in reductions to immune function. Our results indicate that environmental conditions and life history stage may influence physiological responses in an important marine predator and a sentinel species of changing ocean ecosystems. Please do not hesitate to contact me with questions at gderango(a)gmail.com . Best regards, Geno DeRango _____________ PhD Student Bielefeld University Galapagos sea lion Project

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