January 2013 - MARMAM - devlists.uvic.ca

5 Ocean Expeditions volunteering to collect data
by Gregg Treinish 28 Jan '13

28 Jan '13

Dear Ecolog and Marman, Below you will see five upcoming ocean based expeditions that are offering to collect data for you as they travel around the globe. There is no cost other than materials to work with these volunteers and you can work with one or all five. You will meet with the adventurers and lay out very specific protocols with them before they embark. Also, please note that if you need data from anywhere else in the world on land or sea you can contact us and we will likely have someone going there. If you would like to work with any of these explorers, please take the time to fill in a volunteer request form <http://www.adventureandscience.org/find-an-adventurer.html>on our website and/or call us directly at 406.579.9702. 1) Bass Strait, South Eastern Australia- 3/2013 Kayaking > > "We are planning a sea kayaking expedition to paddle across Bass Strait > (Australian mainland to Tasmania) in March 2013. - Distance of approx > 320km. Expected to take 1-2 weeks." > > Map: > http://www.weebly.com/weebly/uploads/7/3/9/8/7398741/207636683247195161_rou… > > > > 2) Atlantic Ocean- Bermuda to Gibraltar 5/6/2013- 6/6/2013 Sailing > > "In May 2013 we will sail a ~50 foot sailboat from Bermuda to Gibraltar > with a stop at the Azores. We estimate the trip to take ~1 month." > Map: > http://www.weebly.com/weebly/uploads/7/3/9/8/7398741/580039850501116654_map… > > > 3) Greece/Meditarrean Sea- 5/11/13- 5/18/13 Sailing > > "I circumnavigated the globe '03-'05 and wished I could have been helping > environment when out. I will circumnavigate again, but helping environment > science next time." > > Map: > http://www.weebly.com/weebly/uploads/7/3/9/8/7398741/206453226860335150_sar… > > > > 4) Tasman Sea Circumnavigation - 2/1/14- 6/1/14 - Kite/Kayaking > "Circumnavigation of the Tasman Sea in a 6mtr Kite-Yak; Brisbane Tasmania > Sth & Nth Islands NZ Brisbane" > No Map Available > > 5) Sailing East Coast of the US to Caribbean- 9/2013-June 2014 Sailing > > "Sailing from Maine to the Caribbean and back from September 2013 to June > 2014." > Map: > http://www.weebly.com/weebly/uploads/7/3/9/8/7398741/572102846848134065_rou… > -- Gregg Treinish Founder/Executive Director Adventurers and Scientists for Conservation 406.579.9702 www.adventureandscience.org

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Policy Intern Position with Whale and Dolphin Conservation, North America
by Monica Pepe 28 Jan '13

28 Jan '13

Policy Intern Position The North American office of Whale and Dolphin Conservation, based in Plymouth, MA, is seeking interns to assist with marine policy issues directly relating to marine mammals. Successful candidates will gain knowledge of existing regulations, the process of implementing policy changes, and the current issues that remain the focus of WDC's policy efforts. The selected interns will work directly with the Executive Director. WDC holds seats on the federally appointed Atlantic Large Whale, Harbor Porpoise, and Atlantic Trawl Gear Take Reduction Teams to reduce entanglements of marine mammals in fishing gear, and works extensively on mitigating vessel strikes and harassment of large whales. Tasks can/will include: * Drafting and submitting comments on proposed changes in mitigation * Networking with other NGO organizations * Attendance at meetings and public comment forums * Analyzing data relevant to policy issues * Conducting literature and online searches for pertinent information Candidate Requirements * Fluency in English. * Must be 18 years or older, preference given to students matriculated in or recently graduated from appropriate graduate or under graduate degree programs. * Be able to show proof of valid health insurance and valid driver's license. * Act effectively as a member of a close-knit team. * Be open to long days (12 hours or more sometimes) in the field or office. * Good computer skills - familiarity with operating PCs and/or MACs, preference for candidates with mapping skills. * Excellent verbal and written communications skills. * Familiarity with current marine policy issues. * Ability to function well under pressure. * Must be comfortable speaking in front of groups of all ages and able to handle unanticipated situations. * Minimum commitment of three months required. International candidates must demonstrate ability to legally participate. Applications We are currently accepting applications to fill 1-2 positions; however those seeking an internship position for the spring or summer must submit applications by February 20th, 2013. We will continue to accept applications on a 'first come first serve' basis until the available positions have been filled. Please submit the following via e-mail to monica.pepe(a)whales.org<mailto:monica.pepe@whales.org>: 1. Cover letter and Resume (no more than 3 pages) 2. Contact information for two references including e-mail and phone numbers 3. A supporting document answering the following: Fishing line entanglements prove to be a constant and frequent threat to North Atlantic right whales and other large whales. The Atlantic Large Whale Take Reduction Team is currently tasked with mitigating risk from vertical lines. In one to two pages, present a strategy to mitigate this risk, keeping in mind the perspectives of all the stakeholders. Applicants should make sure they clearly indicate their availability in their cover letter. Successful applicants will be contacted to set up an interview. More information is available at www.whales.org<http://www.whales.org>. Any additional questions should be directed to Monica Pepe via email at monica.pepe(a)whales.org<mailto:monica.pepe@whales.org> or by calling the office at (508) 746-2522. [WDC - Whale and Dolphin Conservation]<http://www.whales.org/> Monica Pepe Project Supervisor Telephone: +1 508 746 2522 Skype monica.c.pepe WDC, Whale and Dolphin Conservation 7 Nelson Street Plymouth MA 02360-4044 United States whales.org<http://whales.org> [WDC on Facebook]<http://www.facebook.com/whales.org> [WDC on Twitter] <http://www.twitter.com/WHALES_org> [WDC on YouTube] <http://www.youtube.com/wdcsuk> [WDC Blogs] <http://www.whales.org/wdcsblog.php> [WDC E-Newsletter] <http://www.whales.org/newsletter> [http://www.wdcs.co.uk/media/images/EmailSignatureImages/Campaigns/WDCSchang…]<http://www.whales.org/wdc.php> ________________________________ Whale and Dolphin Conservation ("WDC"), Inc. is an IRS recognized 501(c)3 non-profit organization. Your contributions are tax deductible to the fullest extent of the law. WDC, 7 Nelson Street, Plymouth, MA 02360-4044 Tel: +1 (508) 746-2522 This email and any files transmitted with it are confidential and intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom they are addressed. If you have received this email in error please notify the system manager. Please note that any views or opinions presented in this email are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the company. Finally, the recipient should check this email and any attachments for the presence of viruses. The company accepts no liability for any damage caused by any virus transmitted by this email. ________________________________

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New Publication: Humpback whale song hierarchical structure
by Danielle Cholewiak 28 Jan '13

28 Jan '13

Dear Marmam list members, We are pleased to announce the following paper, available in Early View through Marine Mammal Science: Cholewiak, D., Sousa-Lima, R. & Cerchio, S. Humpback whale song hierarchical structure: Historical context and discussion of current classification issues. DOI: 10.1111/mms.12005 The pdf can be accessed online at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mms.12005/abstract or via email request (danielle.cholewiak(a)noaa.gov) Abstract Consistent and well-defined criteria for the classification and measurement of humpback whale song features are essential for robust comparisons between investigators. Song structure terminology has been well-established and used by many authors, though at times inconsistently. This review discusses the development of the nomenclature describing humpback song and explores the potential significance of the often-overlooked variation in song patterns. Within the hierarchical definition of humpback song, the most problematic issues arise from the inconsistent delineation of phrase types, and the use of the metric of song duration without regards to variability in thematic sequence. With regards to the former, a set of guidelines is suggested to facilitate consistent delineation of phrases. With regards to the latter, current research demonstrates that the “song duration” metric has resulted in the disregard of variability at this level, which is more widespread than traditionally reported. An exemplar case is used to highlight the problem inherent in defining and measuring song duration. Humpback song is evaluated within the framework of avian songbird research, and a shift in analysis paradigm is recommended, towards phrase-based analyses in which sequences of phrases are treated as a salient feature of song pattern. Cheers, Danielle ________________________________________ Danielle Cholewiak Protected Species Branch NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center 166 Water Street Woods Hole, MA 02543

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New publication: Dolphin Morbillivirus infection in a captive harbor seal
by Sandro Mazzariol 28 Jan '13

28 Jan '13

Dear Collegues, Sorry for cross-posting. We're pleased to announce a new publication on the current issue of the Journal of Clinical Microbiology (http://jcm.asm.org/content/51/2/708.long) which confirms the interspecies transmission of DMV from cetaceans to pinnipeds describing a clinical case occurred during the last DMV epidemics in the Mediterranean Sea (2007-2011). Mazzariol S, Peletto S, Mondin A, Centelleghe C, Di Guardo G, Di Francesco CE, Casalone C, Acutis PL. *Dolphin Morbillivirus infection in a captive harbor seal (Phoca vitulina)*. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2013, 51(2):708. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02710-12. Abstract During the second morbilliviral epidemic (2007-2011) in cetaceans along the Italian coastline, Dolphin Morbillivirus (DMV) was detected by molecular analyses in a captive harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) with pathological findings consistent with morbilliviral infection. This report confirms interspecies DMV transmission from cetaceans to pinnipeds. Best regards Sandro Mazzariol -- Dr. Sandro Mazzariol, DVM, PhD Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione (BCA) Università degli Studi di Padova AGRIPOLIS - Viale dell'Università, 16 35020 - Legnaro (PD) tel.: +39 049 827 2963 fax: +39 049 827 2973 e-mail: sandro.mazzariol(a)unipd.it

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New paper: Grey seals - relationship between breeding and foraging regions
by debbie russell 28 Jan '13

28 Jan '13

Hi all We have a new paper in Journal of Applied Ecology linking foraging and breeding regions in grey seals in the UK. Please see below: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.12048/abstract Summary 1. The annual cycle of many animals is characterized by the need to satisfy different life history priorities, often requiring seasonal movements. For such species, investigating carryover effects (such as the year-long drivers of breeding success) and managing protected areas effectively, relies on quantifying these movements. Here, we model the seasonal movements of the UK population of grey seals *Halichoerus grypus* and show how insights from the model can improve its management. 2. We fit a hidden process model to two types of information – regional population redistribution and individual movements – to estimate the seasonal transition probabilities of breeding female grey seals among four regions around the UK. 3. We found that between 21% and 58% of females used different regions for breeding and foraging. 4. For our study period, we detected an increase in the breeding performance of animals that foraged in the Hebrides and South-East Coast. 5. Grey seal Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) were designed to encompass a significant proportion of the UK breeding population: ~ 40% of the breeding females in our study area. Of the females breeding on SACs, only 15% breed in Northern Scotland, but up to 50% forage there. Our results indicate that, by only considering the breeding distribution of females that breed in SACs, the impact of anthropogenic activities on nearby SACs may be overestimated, whereas impacts on remote SACs may be underestimated. 6. Synthesis and applications. By quantifying the link between the foraging and breeding distributions of grey seals, management of breeding populations can be focused on the foraging regions where the resources necessary for reproduction are acquired. The construction of marine developments is dependent on demonstrating that they will not have an adverse effect on the integrity of Special Areas of Conservation (SACs), and we have shown that this requires consideration of the seasonal transition probabilities estimated in this study. Our specific results provide support for management strategies that jointly consider SACs and Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). More generally, we prescribe combinations of data on population size, breeding performance and individual movement that can enable our framework to be applied to seasonally migrating species. Key-words: Bayesian statistics, capital breeding, individually referenced data, integrated modelling, marine conservation, Markov Chain Monte Carlo, migration, pinnipeds, site fidelity, WinBUGS Best wishes Debbie -- *********************************************** Dr Debbie Russell Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU) Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Monitoring (CREEM) Office: +44 (0)1334 467281 Tuesdays: +44 (0)1334 461808 Mobile: +44 (0)7825 031866 Postal address: SMRU Gatty Marine Laboratory University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 8LB UK *********************************************** The University of St Andrews is a charity registered in Scotland : No SC013532

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New publication on beluga sound exchange
by Tadamichi Morisaka 26 Jan '13

26 Jan '13

Dear MARMAM list subscribers, We are pleased to announce the publication on beluga sound exchange in Journal of Ethology (online). A pdf can be requested at: chaka(a)wrc.kyoto-u.ac.jp All the best, Tadamichi Morisaka -------- Morisaka T, Yoshida Y, Akune Y, Mishima H, Nishimoto S. 2013. Exchange of “signature” calls in captive belugas (Delphinapterus leucas). Journal of Ethology. doi:10.1007/s10164-013-0358-0. Abstract Belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) produce echolocation clicks, burst pulses, and whistles. The sounds of 3 captive belugas were recorded using 2 hydrophones at the Port of Nagoya Public Aquarium. There were stable individual differences in the pulse patterning of one type of pulsed sounds (PS1 call), suggesting that belugas use these as “signature” calls. Eighty-eight percent of PS1 calls initiated PS1 calls from other animals within 1 s. PS1 calls repeated by the same individual occurred primarily when other belugas did not respond within 1 s of the first call. Belugas delayed successive PS1 calls when other belugas responded with a PS1 call within 1 s. There was no clear temporal pattern for whistles. It appears that the time limit for responding to calls is 1 s after the initial call. If other individuals do not respond to the PS1 call of a beluga within 1 s, belugas tend to repeat the call and wait for a response. The results of this study suggest that the belugas exchange their individual signatures by using PS1 calls, in a manner similar to that of signature whistles used by bottlenose dolphins. =========================================== Tadamichi MORISAKA, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Wildlife Research Center of Kyoto University 2-24, Tanaka-Sekiden-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8203, Japan Tel: 075-771-4388; Fax: 075-771-4394 chaka(a)wrc.kyoto-u.ac.jp http://www23.atwiki.jp/cetacea http://www.wrc.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ ===========================================

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New paper: Local decline in abundance of bottlenose dolphins
by Gaby de Tezanos Pinto 26 Jan '13

26 Jan '13

Dear friends and collegues: We are pleased to let you know that a new paper: Local decline in abundance of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Bay of Islands, New Zealand is currently available through early online access in the Marine Mammal Science website. Altenratively, I can email PDF's upon request. Abstract Regional populations of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) around New Zealand are genetically isolated from each other and the species was recently classified as nationally endangered based on relatively small population sizes and reports of high calf mortality. Here, we estimate the abundance and trends in one of these regional populations, the Bay of Islands, using a photo-identification database collected from 1997 to 1999 and from 2003 to 2006, containing a total of 3,841 records of 317 individual dolphins. Estimates of abundance obtained with the robust design fluctuated widely but showed a significant decline in the number of dolphins present in the bay over time (7.5% annual rate of decline). Temporary emigration was random and fluctuated considerably (c = 0.18, SE = 0.07 to c = 0.84, SE = 0.06). Apparent survival was estimated at 0.928 (CI = 0.911-0.942). Seasonal estimates (26 seasons) obtained in POPAN also showed a significant decline in abundance (5.8% annual rate of decline). Despite the decline observed in local abundance, dolphins continue to be found regularly in the Bay of Islands, suggesting that fewer dolphins use the bay on regular basis. Consequently, it seems that a change in habitat use, mortality and possibly low recruitment could underlie the apparent local decline. Kind regards Gaby Gabriela Tezanos-Pinto BSc (hons), PhD Adjunct Research Associate Coastal-Marine Research Group Institute of Mathematics and Natural sciences Albany Campus, Massey University http://www.coastalmarineresearchgroup.com/staff.htm

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Announcement: Workshop:Joint ACCOBAMS–ASCOBANS workshop on cetacean population structure
by Stefania Gaspari 26 Jan '13

26 Jan '13

Dear ECS and MARMAM members, The following workshop, sponsored by the ACCOBAMS Regional Conservation Agreements, will be held at the forthcoming ECS Conference, Setúbal, Portugal. ECS/ASCOBANS/ACCOBAMS Workshop: Joint ACCOBAMS–ASCOBANS workshop on cetacean population structure Organising Committee: Stefania Gaspari, Peter Evans, Camille Montiglio The workshop is scheduled for Saturday afternoon, 6 April 2013 from 14.30 to 18.00. There will be a charge of 15 euros per person. In order to evaluate and prioritise threats to cetaceans in European waters at the population level, it is essential to understand population structure. However, this is a complex issue and a full evaluation requires incorporation of a multidisciplinary approach in order to be able to define “Management Units”. Molecular ecology studies are crucial in this regard, and it is reasonable to suspect that genetic breaks may be correlated with specific environmental conditions. Up to now, systematic studies of this nature have rarely been conducted upon cetaceans in the ACCOBAMS and ASCOBANS areas. Nevertheless, some recent studies have provided valuable indications that by combining genetic, morphological, ecological, and behavioural approaches, new insights into the spatial ecology of marine populations can be obtained. In this context, we believe that a comparison of genetic data with the available ecological and oceanographic information will greatly improve our understanding. The workshop will also provide an opportunity to discuss how best to incorporate ecological and oceanographic variables into genetic information on population structures. Full consideration of this issue requires a suite of techniques. In order to develop a full programme within the ACCOBAMS and ASCOBANS regions, it is essential to undertake a review of existing information as well as the distribution and extent of suitable samples available for stock structure evaluation by species and area, in order to identify key information gaps and to highlight priorities for data collection and analyses. The objectives of the workshop are to: (1) summarise the available techniques for examining cetacean population structure, and their incorporation into conservation management plans; (2) review the existing information and sample availability throughout the ASCOBANS and ACCOBAMS regions in the light of the above techniques (including whether all or only some techniques are applicable to specific regions); (3) identify and prioritise information gaps and the means to address those gaps in the light of likely conservation needs; (4) prioritise species in the relevant regions, based on the above and the potential relative ease to bridge those gaps (e.g. coastal species that have relatively high stranding rates); (5) develop recommendations for future work, including analyses of existing data as well as the collection of new data. Anyone interested in participating or offering a talk, please contact me at <stefaniagaspari(a)gmail.com>. Further details with a programme will be sent closer to the date of the workshop to those who have registered to attend. Best regards, Stefania Gaspari on behalf of Workshop Organising Committee _____________________________ Stefania Gaspari, PhD Department of Biology University of Florence Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy Tel +39 055 4574744; cell +39 333 7551556 e-mail: stefania.gaspari(a)unifi.it stefaniagaspari(a)gmail.com

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Job announcement - NMFS Alaska Steller sea lion population abundance and survival project, closes Feb. 22, 2013
by kathryn chumbley 24 Jan '13

24 Jan '13

Biological Technician II and Field Research Leader II positions (May 13-Aug. 8, 2013) NOAA/NMFS/Alaska Fishery Science Center National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMML), Seattle, WA Alaska Ecosystem Program/Steller sea lion field camps Ocean Associates, Inc., a contractor for The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Alaska Fishery Science Center, is soliciting cover letters and resumes for the upcoming 2013 field season to study the western stock of endangered Steller sea lions (/Eumetopias jubatus/) in Alaska. This work is part of a long-term annual population abundance and survival monitoring program. Duties include conducting counts, identifying individual sea lions by tags, brands, and natural markings, and monitoring reproduction and survival at remote field sites in Alaska.For general information about the program, visit this website: http://www.afsc.noaa.gov/nmml/alaska <http://www.afsc.noaa.gov/nmml/alaska/> Employment will be from May 13-Aug 8, 2013.Between 1 and 6 new positions will be contracted for the 2013 field season, contingent upon funding.Compensation is provided (both regular and overtime rates).Please contact Ocean Associates for compensation information.Application information is listed below. The first week of employment (May 13-18, 2012) is spent in Seattle training.Attendance is mandatory and successful completion of training is required for all field team members each season.Transportation to Seattle and food and lodging in Seattle are not provided. Transportation from Seattle to and from Alaska and the field site, food, and lodging in the field are provided.Field teams are typically in Alaska for 8-10 weeks.Employment period ends at the end of the field season and there is no additional work. Field work is conducted by 2-4 member teams in remote camps located at either Ugamak Island (eastern Aleutian Islands) or Marmot Island (central Gulf of Alaska).All personnel are expected to perform daily research duties as well as camp maintenance (chopping wood, hauling water, cooking, compost toilet maintenance, etc.).Participants are required to stay for the duration of the field season and there are no crew changes.Field stations are remote, there are no other residents on the islands, and outside communication is limited (no cell phone coverage and no email).Researchers live in small shelters at the various sites with no running water or electricity.Field stations are accessible only by ship or helicopter. Each camp is staffed with one field camp leader and 1-2 assistants.The camp leader serves as the senior person in the camp and generally has previous experience on this project.Field camp leaders are responsible for field camp logistics and maintenance, ensuring that research goals are met and that safety protocols are followed, ensuring that all data is entered and edited during the season, ensuring the return of field equipment and supplies, and producing an annual report at end of the field season.Under the guidance of a field camp leader, field camp assistants help with camp preparation, data collection, data entry and editing, and field gear inventory and packing. All team members maintain a safe working environment for field personnel, participate in daily camp maintenance and operation, and assist with the return of field equipment and supplies at the end of the season. _Research Duties_:Research is conducted outdoors 7 days per week, often in inclement weather.Temperatures at field sites can range from 35 to 85 degrees.Fog, wind, and rain are common, with occasional snow early in the season.Candidates should be prepared to hike daily (> 5 miles) with a large, heavy daypack, over rough and uneven terrain, steep slopes, rocky ledges, and have no fear of heights or flying in helicopters.Observation stations are located on the edge of cliffs or overlooks above the sea lions.Observers will be expected to use binoculars and spotting scopes for long periods of time and be able to recognize markings or brands on sea lions./There is generally no animal handling during field camp operations./Sea lions should be unaware of the presence of biologists. Candidates should be in excellent physical condition with no pre-existing health problems such as heart disease, severe allergies, depression, debilitating asthma or other ailments that will compromise their health, the health and safety of others in the camp, or the completion of research duties. _Minimum Qualifications_:Candidates must be U.S. citizens and have an education in a biological science.A Bachelor's degree in biology or related field with previous field experience is highly recommended. Field work, employment, or life experience in very remote settings particularly in Alaska or other cold, wet climate regions is preferred.The ability to work well in a small team and independently, with good communication and problem-solving skills is mandatory.Ability to follow detailed verbal and written instructions and data protocols is mandatory.Working knowledge of personal computers including use of word processing, spreadsheets, and relational database programs such as Access or SQL is highly recommended. Current First Aid and CPR certification is required.Wilderness First Aid is highly recommended and candidates will be given extra consideration with this certification. *_Application Deadline_: Feb. 22, 2013 * Please submit a cover letter and resume with employment history, education history, and the names and contact information (email and phone numbers) of three work-related references to both contacts listed below.Applicants not meeting qualification criteria or who submit incomplete applications will not be considered. Please contact Ocean Associates, Inc (employer) with questions regarding eligibility, compensation, and application questions. Richard Marasco Ocean Associates, Inc oarich.mar(a)gmail.com <mailto:oarich.mar@gmail.com> With cc to: Kathryn.Chumbley(a)noaa.gov <mailto:Kathryn.Chumbley@noaa.gov>

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Consultancy: Renewable Energy Technologies Deployment and Migratory Species
by Heidrun Frisch 24 Jan '13

24 Jan '13

Dear Marmamers, The following consultancy has been advertised: IRENA/CMS/AEWA Joint Initiative: Renewable Energy Technologies Deployment and Migratory Species<http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Procurement/RFP%20RE%20Technologies%…> Recruitment being handled by IRENA - Deadline for applications - 28 February 2013 Please pass this along to any interested candidates. Kind regards, Heidrun Ms Heidrun FRISCH ASCOBANS Coordinator / CMS Marine Mammals Officer UNEP/CMS/ASCOBANS Secretariat UN Campus - Room 927 Hermann-Ehlers-Str. 10 - 53113 Bonn, Germany Phone +49 228 815 2418 - Fax +49 228 815 2440 / 49 Skype: cms_marinemammalsofficer h.frisch(a)ascobans.org<mailto:h.frisch@ascobans.org> / hfrisch(a)cms.int<mailto:hfrisch@cms.int> www.ascobans.org<http://www.ascobans.org/> / www.cms.int<http://www.cms.int/>

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