July 2025 - MARMAM - devlists.uvic.ca

New paper - Assessment of the effects of satellite-linked telemetry tags on southern right whales over two decades
by Els Vermeulen 14 Jul '25

14 Jul '25

Dear colleagues, We are happy to share a new paper on the effects of satellite telemetry tags on southern right whales. Vermeulen, E., Wilkinson, C., Best, P.B., Zerbini, A.N. 2025. Assessment of the effects of satellite-linked telemetry tags on southern right whales (*Eubalaena australis*) over two decades. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management. https://doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v5i1.1084 *Abstract* The study of animal movement is critical in biological and ecological sciences. However, such studies are often challenging due to the difficulty of continuously observing wild animals. This is especially true for large baleen whales which can travel across vast distances in the open ocean. The use of animal‐borne telemetry tags, which allow for real‐time data collection of geographical positions of an individual, has therefore significantly advanced our knowledge on baleen whale movement patterns and currently forms an essential component of cetacean research. However, as satellite tags are invasive, there is concern about their potential effects on an individual’s health and wellbeing, and possible implications at the population level. Southern right whales (n = 21) were instrumented with Telonics ST‐15 consolidated satellite tags in 2001 in coastal South Africa. Fourteen of these individuals (13 females and one male) were photo‐identified either at the time of tagging or subsequently. Given the long‐term photo‐identification‐based monitoring of this population, 13 of these individuals could be resighted up to 21 years post‐tagging. This study builds on previous assessments of tag effects by providing an extra decade of information on sighting history and calving rates of the tagged individuals. Results showed no decadal tag effects when tagged whales were compared with untagged individuals. Visual assessment showed full healing of the tag site, with only small divots present in the last 10 years. Given the impact of environmental variability on the maternal body condition and reproductive success of this population, this study suggests no increased vulnerability to such stressors due to tagging. With 21 years of post‐tagging data, this is the longest follow‐up study on southern right whales to date. Considering the overall concern of the effect of tagging on the health and wellbeing of individuals, studies like these are critically important to ensure quality data collection with the least possible impact on tagged individuals. The article is open access and can be downloaded here <https://journal.iwc.int/index.php/jcrm/article/view/1084>. With kind regards, Els Dr Els Vermeulen Senior Lecturer and Research Manager Mammal Research Institute Whale Unit Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of Pretoria, South Africa +27 (0)60 9714301 / els.vermeulen(a)up.ac.za https://www.mammalresearchinstitute.science/whale-unit “For the love of whales, for the future of our oceans” -- This message and attachments are subject to a disclaimer. Please refer to http://upnet.up.ac.za/services/it/documentation/docs/004167.pdf <http://upnet.up.ac.za/services/it/documentation/docs/004167.pdf> for full details.

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New publications: Gray seal response to influenza
by Christina McCosker 13 Jul '25

13 Jul '25

Dear MARMAM, On behalf of my co-authors, I am excited to share two recently published papers on grey seal response to influenza A virus: McCosker CM, Unal E, Gigliotti A, Puryear WB, Runstadler JA, Murray KT, King BL, Cammen KM. (2025). Molecular mechanisms underlying response to influenza in grey seals (*Halichoerus grypus*), a potential wild reservoir. Molecular Ecology. e70012. Article Link: Molecular Ecology <https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mec.70012?logout=true> Abstract: RNA viruses are infamous for their ability to cross species barriers, posing threats to global health and security. Influenza A virus (IAV) is naturally found in avian hosts but periodically spills over into marine wildlife. IAV outbreaks occur in the Northwest Atlantic, but grey seals (*Halichoerus grypus*) appear to be less susceptible to IAV compared to other species. The subclinical nature of IAV infection in addition to life history factors suggest grey seals are a potential wild reservoir host for IAV. We investigated differential gene expression among grey seals naturally exposed to IAV to elucidate genetic mechanisms involved in grey seal disease resistance. RNA sequencing was conducted on blood samples (N = 31) collected from grey seal pups in Massachusetts, US between 2014 and 2019. Samples were grouped for analysis based on presence/absence of viral RNA and antibodies. In the presence of IAV RNA, we observed widespread down-regulation of genes, including immune genes, potentially as a result of IAV-induced host shutoff. Immune down-regulation occurred in acute stage of IAV infection (+ viral RNA, − antibodies), followed by up-regulation of protein production in peak stage (+ viral RNA, + antibodies), possibly as a result of increased viral replication. Evidence of an activated immune response was observed in late stage of infection (− viral RNA, + antibodies) with up-regulated adaptive immunity genes. We hypothesize that the combination of down- and up-regulated immune gene expression may prevent overstimulation of the immune response, acting as an adaptation in grey seals to resist IAV-associated mortality. McCosker CM, Levin M, Puryear WB, Runstadler JA, Murray KT, Cammen KM. (2025). Gray Seal (*Halichoerus grypus*) Pups Fail to Mount an Inflammatory Cytokine Response to Influenza A Virus. Journal of Wildlife Disease. 61(3): 628–641. Article link: Journal of Wildlife Diseases <https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/doi/10.7589/JWD-D-24-00166/5070…> Abstract: Infectious disease is a naturally occurring phenomenon in healthy ecosystems, but anthropogenic pressures have led to an increase in the spread and intensity of disease outbreaks in recent decades. Ecosystem health and functioning can be monitored through sentinel organisms, such as marine mammals for coastal environments. In the northwest Atlantic Ocean, gray (*Halichoerus grypus*) and harbor (*Phoca **vitulina*) seals are exposed to inﬂuenza A virus (IAV) but exhibit apparent differences in disease severity, as gray seals largely remain asymptomatic while harbor seals experience IAV-associated morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate gray seal response to IAV through cytokines, which are signaling proteins responsible for initiating and regulating an immune response. Swabs (nasal, conjunctival, and rectal) and blood samples were collected from wild gray seal pups (n¼116) and used to detect IAV infection and to measure 13 serum cytokines. There was no signiﬁcant difference in cytokine proﬁles across IAV infection status, age (as determined by molt stage), or body condition (a proxy of overall health), but individual cytokines were identiﬁed as important in differentiating between seals across these categorical variables, and a general trend of lower cytokine detection rates was observed among IAV-infected pups. These results suggest that gray seal pups lack a strong cytokine response during IAV infections. Understanding the immune response of pinnipeds, and mammals more broadly, to viral pathogens is important for predicting how the increased emergence and spread of infectious disease will shape the future of global terrestrial and marine mammal populations. Warm regards, Christina McCosker -- Christina McCosker, PhD School of Marine Sciences, One Health & Environment NRT University of Maine Orono, ME, USA

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New paper on killer whale hunting mechanisms
by Jourdain Eve 11 Jul '25

11 Jul '25

Dear MARMAMlist members, My co-authors and I are pleased to announce our recent open-access publication in Current Biology entitled **Spatially-coordinated predation withdivision of labor increases feeding success in killer whales**. Link to thePublication: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982225007456 AbstractGrouphunting is widespread among large vertebrates and is known to confer considerableadvantages compared to foraging alone. Yet, the mechanisms underlying grouphunting, including how social predators are organized during a hunt, arelargely unknown for marine predators. Using drone videos, which enabled us torecord the motion patterns of multiple individuals at once, we tracked thepredatory behaviour of killer whales along the Norwegian coast to test thehypothesis that group hunting is organised in space, both in terms ofindividual roles and interactions with conspecifics. Taking advantage ofshallow water hunts that reduced the interactions to a 2D horizontal plane, wereveal that whales using underwater tail slaps (i.e., strikers) to stunand capture herring, are more likely to hunt near a neighbour (i.e., a helper)rather than alone, and such joint slaps show higher feeding success(measured as feeding bout duration) than alone slaps. At the onset of a jointslap, the position of the whales follows a specific geometrical pattern.Whales preferentially take roles as strikers or helpers, withdivision of labour determined by size: larger individuals predominantly act as strikersin line with their higher feeding success, compared to smaller whales.Individuals involved in joint slaps have preferred partners, with whomthey share multi-decadal social bonds, likely allowing repeated opportunitiesto practice and learn to bestow enhanced geometric positioning and hunting success. These findings highlight the importance of social organization, long-term bonding, and developmental learning in the cooperative hunting of marine mammals. Feel free to reach outif any questions or comments: paolo.domenici(a)cnr.it or evejourdain(a)yahoo.fr Best wishes, —Eve JourdainFounder & Main investigatorNorwegian Orca Survey www.norwegianorcasurvey.com

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Field assistant position - Behavioural research on Galapagos sea lions
by Stöhr, Svenja 10 Jul '25

10 Jul '25

Dear MARMAM community, We are looking for 2 field assistants to participate in the upcoming field season of the Sea Lion Project Galapagos to assist with our research on animal behaviour and personality, population dynamics and foraging strategies in Galápagos sea lions (Zalophus wollebaeki) in the research group of Oliver Krüger at the Department of Animal Behaviour at Bielefeld University, Germany. (https://www.uni-bielefeld.de/fakultaeten/biologie/forschung/arbeitsgruppen/…) Field work will take place from mid/end of October until mid December on Caamaño, a small island near Puerto Ayora in the centre of the Galápagos archipelago. We have studied Galápagos sea lions there since 2003 with most animals being individually marked. Work on Caamaño includes daily census rounds, a variety of behavioural response tests, behavioural observations, and captures of animals for tagging, growth assessment, biologging deployment, and sample collection. Previous work experience with animals and these type of activities is an advantage. The field site is a small islet (300m diameter), isolated from civilisation, and has no facilities, so an ability to work under truly primitive conditions is essential. Participants have to live in a tent the entire time and share all camp duties (cooking, cleaning, daily data entry). No sanitary facilities are available and we have fresh water only for drinking and cooking. Field work will be physically and mentally demanding. All gear has to be transported onto the island via a difficult landing and camp conditions are primitive, including a basic diet based primarily on dried and tinned foods. Due to the long duration of the field season and the tough conditions field assistants need to be physically capable. Previous experience with working in an outdoor environment and with handling wild animals is highly preferable. The duration of the field season is 2 months. The positions are unpaid, however travel expenses to the Galapagos Islands as well as all food while on Caamaño and accommodation while in town (before and after the field season) will be covered by the project. Additionally, there might be a possibility to continue with the project for a PhD if funding becomes available. We encourage people who are interested in pursuing a PhD to apply. Ecuadorian nationals are especially encouraged to apply. Applications open until July 27th. Please send applications in English (letter of motivation and curriculum vitae) to the following address: svenja.stoehr(a)uni-bielefeld.de<mailto:svenja.stoehr@uni-bielefeld.de> <mailto:svenja.stoehr@uni-bielefeld.de> alexandra.childs(a)uni-bielefeld.de<mailto:alexandra.childs@uni-bielefeld.de> _____________________________________ Summary: Field Assistant Position – Sea Lion Project Galápagos When: mid October – mid December Where: Caamaño Island, Galápagos Institution: Bielefeld University, Dept. of Animal Behaviour Project Focus * Galápagos sea lion behaviour, personality, population, and foraging * Tasks: daily censuses, behavioural tests, animal captures (tagging, sampling) Applicant Requirements * Physically fit and mentally resilient * Willing to live in a tent under primitive conditions & carry out manual camp duties * Experience with wild animals, fieldwork, behavioural studies * Ecuadorian nationals especially encouraged to apply * Unpaid, but travel, food, and accommodation (pre/post fieldwork) covered * Possible PhD opportunity if funding allows Apply by July 27 Please share with anyone who might be interested. Best, Svenja & Alex

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New publication: Killer whale call detection rates vary among subspecies and populations in the North Pacific
by Hannah Myers 09 Jul '25

09 Jul '25

Dear MARMAM colleagues, My coauthors and I are pleased to share our recent open access publication on killer whale call detection rates in the North Pacific. Myers, H.J., Olsen, D.W., Konar, B.H., Whitney, A., Birch, K., Dugan, P., Mueter, F., Guazzo, R., Horstmann, L.H., Matkin, C.O. 2025. Killer whale call detection rates vary among ecotypes and populations in the North Pacific. *Scientific Reports*, *15*, 21072. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06041-6 ABSTRACT: Killer whales (*Orcinus orca*) in the North Pacific have diverged into subspecies with distinct diets, social structures, and vocal behaviors. Understanding the rate at which killer whales of different subspecies vocalize provides insight into their communication with conspecifics as well as the environmental factors shaping vocalization patterns. Estimating a population’s calling rate can also enable the number of animals present to be estimated acoustically. We used killer whale dialects, long-term photo-identification records, and year-round autonomous acoustic data across multiple locations to estimate call detection rates during vocal bouts for three killer whale populations, one resident (fish-eating) and two transient (mammal-eating). We focused on call detection rates, or the number of calls detected rather than the true number produced, in order to capitalize on this large autonomous dataset to investigate the influence of spatiotemporal and social factors across many observations. Generalized additive mixed models showed that the call detection rate for southern Alaska resident killer whales was consistent across locations, seasons, which pod was calling, and the presence of other pods. Gulf of Alaska transient killer whale call detection rates differed across locations. We detected fewer, more tightly spaced discrete calls from AT1 transients than from Gulf of Alaska transients, and the mean AT1 call detection rate was stable across spatiotemporal factors. Although transients call less often than residents, we found that once vocalizing, they did so at a higher rate. These call detection rates provide novel insight into killer whale vocal behavior and can support passive acoustic group size estimation for these populations. Please do not hesitate to reach out with any questions regarding this study. Thank you, Hannah -- *Hannah Myers, PhD* Assistant Professor, Department of Fisheries College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks 2150 Koyukuk Drive Fairbanks, Alaska 99775 hmyers8(a)alaska.edu

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Call for collaboration on the South Atlantic Cetacean Project (SACET)
by Info Edmaktub 09 Jul '25

09 Jul '25

Dear colleagues, EDMAKTUB Association is currently working on the SACET Project (South Atlantic Cetacean), which is a multidisciplinary research and conservation initiative, dedicated to the study of cetaceans and their habitat in the South Atlantic Ocean. The expedition takes place along the West African coast, from Gibraltar Strait to South Africa, touching several archipelagos including the Canary Islands, Cabo Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe. Focusing mainly on investigating cetacean species distribution, habitat use, behavior, acoustics, photo-identification, and morphometrics, including body condition assessments. The project also monitors other marine megafauna, such as sea turtles, seabirds, and fish, and evaluates the state of diverse marine habitats, ranging from the pelagic zone and coastal waters to coral reefs, mangrove forests, and adjacent inshore areas. Additionally, SACET includes monitoring of marine debris, with a focus on plastics and litter, to assess human impact on the ecosystem. The project emphasizes collaboration and outreach with local organizations to support long-term conservation and knowledge exchange in the region. We are currently progressing southward from Cabo Verde toward São Tomé and Príncipe, where our primary research focus will center on Humpback whales (*Megaptera novaeangliae*), which aggregate in the region for breeding and calving. >From approximately October onward, the expedition is expected to continue further south, with potential stops on the way, for example in Angola during October and November, as we make our way toward South Africa. Preliminary plans for the following year include a return voyage beginning in May, tracking the West African coastline northwards from South Africa back to São Tomé and Príncipe, with potential stops. We welcome opportunities for collaboration and are open to conducting joint surveys or scientific initiatives along our route. For further information or to explore potential partnerships, please do not hesitate to contact us at info(a)edmaktub.org A more detailed overview is available on our website: www.edmaktub.org/sacet-project/ Kind regrads, EDMAKTUB Team www.edmaktub.org

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New paper on baleen whale population dynamics, environmental variability, and climate change
by Stewart, Joshua 08 Jul '25

08 Jul '25

Hi folks, I’m pleased to share our recent paper on baleen whale population dynamics: Stewart, J. D., Tinker, M. T., Brownell Jr, R. L., & Read, A. J. (2025). The future of baleen whales: Recoveries, environmental constraints, and climate change. Science Advances, 11(26). https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/sciadv.adv8031 Abstract Most baleen whales were severely overexploited during the past century, but many populations have received near-complete protection from exploitation for more than a half-century. Some of these populations have made remarkable recoveries and are now approaching pre-exploitation levels of abundance. Contrary to expectations of baleen whales making minor oscillations around equilibrium abundances, several populations that have made the strongest recoveries have experienced major mortality events. We review examples from the literature showing increasing demographic variability in recovering populations of baleen whales and present a simulation study on the expected response of recovered versus depleted whale population to environmental variability and climate impacts. We propose that baleen whales are more sensitive to environmental variability than previously recognized; that major demographic fluctuations will become the norm as baleen whales recover; and that climate-driven disruptions to whale population dynamics will be most dramatic in populations with the lowest rates of anthropogenic mortality. Cheers, Josh

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New Publication: Individual Specialization in a Generalist Apex Predator: The Leopard Seal
by Renato Borras 08 Jul '25

08 Jul '25

Dear Colleagues,My colleagues and I are thrilled to share our latest publication on Leopard seals: Sperou, E. S., Krause, D. J., Borras‐Chavez, R., Charapata, P., Costa, D. P., Crocker, D. E., ... & Kienle, S. S. (2025). Individual Specialization in a Generalist Apex Predator: The Leopard Seal. *Ecology and Evolution*, *15*(6), e71593. The article is open access and available here: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.71593 Abstract Apex predators are typically considered dietary generalists, which often masks individual variability. However, individual specialization—consistent differences among individuals in resource use or ecological role—is common in apex predators. In some species, only a few specialized individuals can significantly impact prey populations. Leopard seals (*Hydrurga leptonyx*) are apex predators important to the structure and function of the Southern Ocean ecosystem. Though broadly described as generalists, little is known about their trophic ecology at the population or individual level. We analyzed δ13C and δ15N profiles in whiskers (*n* = 46) from 34 leopard seals in the Western Antarctic Peninsula to assess trophic variation. We also evaluated individual consistency across years using repeat samples from 7 seals over 2–10 years. We compared population and individual isotopic niche space and explored drivers of intraspecific variation in leopard seal trophic ecology. We find that leopard seals have a broad trophic niche (range: 6.96%–15.21‰) and are generalists at the population level. However, most individuals are specialists (59% for δ15N and δ13C), with only a few generalists (13% for δ15N, 6% for δ13C). Individuals also specialize at different trophic levels. Most variation in trophic ecology is driven by individual specialization, but sex and mass also contribute. We also find that some seals specialize over time, consistently foraging at the same trophic level, while others switch within and between years. This suggests some seals may disproportionately impact prey, especially when specialists consistently target specific species. Long-term specialization by a few leopard seals likely contributed to the decline of the local Antarctic fur seal population. Our findings show the importance of examining individual specialization in leopard seals across their range to understand their impact on other prey populations. This approach should be applied to other apex predator populations, as a few specialists can significantly impact ecosystems. Any questions, please write us! emily_Sperou1(a)baylor.edu Thank you! Best, Renato -- Renato F. Borras-Chavez, Ph.D. (he/him/his) Marine Mammal Ecophysiology Postdoctoral Fellow | Kienle Lab | University of Rhode Island Council Member | Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS) APECS Representative| EG-BAMM SCAR Group

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Request for submissions: to develop an interactive map of community and citizen science initiatives contributing to marine mammal research
by Emily Hague 08 Jul '25

08 Jul '25

Request for submissions: Atlas of community and citizen science initiatives contributing to marine mammal research We are working to collate all examples of ways citizen and community scientists have contributed to marine mammal research globally, and are collating this into an interactive map and a peer review publication. The aim of the ‘atlas’ is to showcase the variety of ways citizen science contributes to our understanding of many species of marine mammals, to inspire other projects/help find similar projects, to let us learn about the variety of work going on for each species etc. Further, a secondary purpose of the map might be for travellers to use when visiting new places, to find and read more about projects that are occurring locally (and perhaps understand how they can contribute at a local level e.g. submitting sightings). We have developed an interactive map to show the examples collated so far (link: https://bit.ly/CitSciMap Atlas of Citizen Science Contributions to Marine Mammal Science – Google My Maps<https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1Af787aPuJ36qfWJnE7ny_bXObfgGnoI&l…>). The examples mapped already have been collated through a systematic mapping process (conducted in April 2025) and via a workshop, held in May 2025 at the European Cetacean Society. We expect there are still MANY projects missing from the map, and so we now ask the global marine mammal community to help us build the atlas, by submitting any further examples of projects or ways citizen scientists contribute to marine mammal research, so they can be included in the final map! You can submit examples by emailing Emily Hague (emily.hague(a)uhi.ac.uk<mailto:emily.hague@uhi.ac.uk>) with information on the project(s) to be included. Where possible, please include title, short description, location, URL and species of focus. Please send your submissions by 31st July 2025. Also, if you spot a project on the map and would like to edit the information shown (e.g. description) please feel free to reach out with the preferred information. Following submissions, the current map will be updated, and the final map will be published hopefully later this year, within an open access peer reviewed publication. By submitting examples, you agree for them to be featured in the maps and publication. Note, the interactive map linked here is a working draft (and therefore should not be used or cited) and is just presented for illustrative purposes to show progress so far and help you identify missing projects that are not yet featured. Please don’t hesitate to reach out with any questions, or submissions. No project is too big or small to be featured! Many thanks in advance for your submissions and interest! Best wishes, Emily Emily Hague ·.¸.·´¯`·...¸.·><((((º> Post-doctoral Research Associate BLUE CONNECT Project ·...¸><((((º> [UHI Shetland logo] www.emily-hague.com<http://www.emily-hague.com/> emily.hague(a)uhi.ac.uk<mailto:emily.hague@uhi.ac.uk> Tel: 01595771029 Find me on Google Scholar<https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=hs8dFYwAAAAJ&hl=en>, LinkedIn<https://www.linkedin.com/in/emily-hague-a55411110/>, Twitter<https://x.com/emilyhague/>, Bluesky<https://bsky.app/profile/emily-hague.bsky.social> shetland.uhi.ac.uk<https://www.shetland.uhi.ac.uk/> Scottish charity no. SC050701 This message is intended for the use of only the person(s) (“intended recipient”) to whom it is addressed. It may contain information that is privileged and confidential. Accordingly any dissemination, distribution, copying or other use of this message or any of its content by any person other than the intended recipient may constitute a breach of civil law or criminal law and is strictly prohibited. If you are not the intended recipient, please contact the sender as soon as possible.

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Job Posting: Ecological Modeller / Senior Ecological Modeller - Natural Power Consultants
by Max Harrold 08 Jul '25

08 Jul '25

Dear MARMAM-ers, Natural Power, a Renewables Consultancy, are hiring for an Ecological Modeller or Senior Ecological Modeller. This role involves modelling of marine mammal, bird, fish and invertebrate populations and would suit someone with an interest in ecology (particularly offshore), and aptitude for coding and statistics. Please find the advertisement below, with full information and the application link available here: Ecological Modeller / Senior Ecological Modeller | Natural Power<https://www.naturalpower.com/uk/careers/career?Category=Planning%2520%26%25…>. At Natural Power, we have been pioneers of positive renewable change for 25 years. If you're looking for a job in the renewable energy industry, we could be just the place to advance your career. As we continue to grow, we are now seeking to strengthen our Geospatial team with either an Ecological Modeller or Senior Ecological Modeller at our Glasgow or Stirling office on a hybrid basis. Within this role, your tasks and responsibilities will include: * Conducting a range of data management and statistical analysis techniques on predominantly ecological datasets to generate robust outputs for use in assessments. * Applying a range of industry standard modelling techniques using R and other software as applicable. * Conducting more bespoke analysis that may be required on a project-specific basis. * Providing advice regarding statistically robust data collection and the accurate interpretation and appropriate presentation of modelling outputs. As the successful candidate, you will have: * Experience analysing a variety of ecological, spatial and statistical data. * Excellent skills in R for data manipulation and data analysis. * Statistical knowledge and experience of applying the above to complex problems, ideally in an offshore context. This is a permanent, full-time role, working 37.5 hours per week, Monday to Friday. We will offer an engaging, collaborative and fast-paced environment alongside an excellent benefits package, including generous annual leave, flexible working, employee assistance programme, personal insurances, health plans, discounts and salary sacrifice options. For more information, please visit the link at the top of the page, or feel free to contact me by email or mobile. Kind regards, Max Harrold Recruitment Co-Ordinator mobile: +447768 640893 email: max.harrold(a)fredolsen.co.uk<mailto:max.harrold@fredolsen.co.uk> naturalpower.com<http://www.naturalpower.com> renewable energy consultants ________________________ [cid:image001.jpg@01DBEFED.E079D510] Natural Power Consultants Limited is a registered company (SC177881) in Scotland. Our Registered Office is The Greenhouse, Dalry, Castle Douglas, DG7 3XS, UK. Disclaimer <http://www.naturalpower.com/privacy-policy> ________________________________ This message may be confidential information and will be protected by copyright. If you receive it in error, notify us, delete it and do not make use of or copy it. All business is undertaken in accordance with our standard terms and conditions. Any opinions expressed here are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of Fred. Olsen companies. Company registration details can be seen on our website at http://www.fredolsen.co.uk/contact

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