September 2021 - MARMAM - devlists.uvic.ca

Northwest Student Chapter of the Society for Marine Mammalogy Website and Mailing List
by Storlund, Rhea 15 Sep '21

15 Sep '21

Dear MARMAM Community, We are excited to announce that the Northwest Student Chapter of the Society for Marine Mammalogy (NWSSMM) has a new website! NWSSMM serves a community of graduate and undergraduate students whose research is focused primarily on marine mammals. Students represented in this chapter are located throughout the Pacific Northwest, including Oregon and Washington, U.S., and British Columbia, Canada. Check out our website for chapter news, handy student resources, and eye-catching photographs taken by NWSSMM members. Access the website here: https://sites.google.com/uw.edu/nwssmm/home If you are a student studying marine mammals in the Pacific Northwest, take a moment to join our email list<https://lists.oregonstate.edu/mailman/listinfo/nwssmm> to receive updates about our Student Chapter including notifications about our yearly meeting and student-organized symposium. Joining the NWSSMM is a great way to meet other students and researchers pursuing marine mammal science in your area. Thank you, Rhea On behalf of the NWSSMM Chapter Representatives Rhea Storlund MSc (she/her) PhD Candidate (Zoology) Marine Mammal Research Unit The University of British Columbia Territory of the xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam) people r.storlund(a)oceans.ubc.ca<mailto:r.storlund@oceans.ubc.ca>

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Marine bioacoustics
by Laurel Braden Symes 15 Sep '21

15 Sep '21

Hi All, I am writing to pass along a job posting that might be interesting and relevant for the marine mammal community. The K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics at Cornell University is looking for a sound analysis instructor with extensive marine bioacoustics background. CCB has a long history of marine mammal conservation research (right whales, bowhead whales, noise impacts research, behavioral ecology of whales and dolphins, etc.), and we seek an instructor with the ability to conduct meaningful applied marine conservation research in addition to playing a leadership role in expanding our mission-critical education and outreach initiatives. We are hiring multiple sound analysis instructors, with at least one being a specialist in marine bioacoustics. These will be PhD level positions (or Masters with extensive relevant experience) and are envisioned as a parallel track to faculty positions at teaching institutions (the positions are 75% teaching and 25% research). The workshop participants are primarily graduate students and conservation practitioners (globally, with virtual and in-person offerings), many of whom seek additional training to answer questions pertaining to marine mammal science. The student population is generally highly motivated with lots of opportunities for ongoing mentorship and collaboration, as well as travel to international locations and collaboration with diverse groups of colleagues in many different parts of the world. The position is based in Ithaca, NY, but applicants do not need to be US citizens. These positions are not tenure-track, but are intended as long-term career positions with substantial responsibility and full membership in the intellectual research community, and commensurate compensation. The full position description and application is available here: https://academicjobsonline.org/ajo/jobs/19268. Please feel free to share with others who may be interested. Application review is ongoing now. I’m happy to answer questions about the positions (symes(a)cornell.edu<mailto:symes@cornell.edu>). All the best, Laurel -- Laurel Symes (s/h) Assistant Director K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University

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New Paper: Stable isotopes as indicator of nutritional stress in southern right whales
by Emma Carroll 15 Sep '21

15 Sep '21

Hi All, My co-authors and I are pleased to announce that the following paper has recently been published in Marine Mammal Science: Carroll, E. L., G. Dunshea, P. H. Ott, L. O. Valenzuela, C. S. Baker, S. J. Childerhouse, O. E. Gaggiotti, P. A. C. Flores, K. Groch, D. R. Gröcke, M. A. Hindell, D. Lundquist, L. R. Oliviera, V. Rowntree, M. Sironi and S. D. Newsome. 2021. Variation in d13C and d15N values of mothers and their calves across southern right whale nursery grounds: the effects of nutritional stress? Marine Mammal Science. Online early view. PDF available from the journal and authors on request: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mms.12871 Accepted version free to download: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353935109_Variation_in_d13C_and_d1… As the study encompasses study sites from around the world we include abstracts in multiple languages below and in the accepted version of the manuscript. ABSTRACT Southern right whales (SRW) are capital breeders that use stored energy reserves to sustain themselves and their calves on nursery areas. With successful calving events declining in some SRW populations, it has been hypothesized that nutritional stress in adult females causes reproductive failure or death of calves shortly after birth. Here we compared offsets in carbon and nitrogen isotope values of mothers and their offspring (delta13Ccalf-cow and delta15Ncalf-cow) among three SRW populations. SRW from Aotearoa New Zealand, with high population growth rates and body conditions scores, have negative delta13Ccalf-cow suggesting calves are utilizing 13C-depleted lipid carbon in milk to fuel the synthesis of nonessential amino acids used to build new tissues and rapidly grow. In contrast, a significantly positive delta13Ccalf-cow offset previously reported for SRW from Argentina during a mass die-off event was hypothesized to be due to calves consuming milk with low lipid content. Patterns in delta15Ncalf-cow were more difficult to interpret and highlight the complexity in nitrogen transfer between mother and offspring. When combined with similar data collected from Brazil and during a low mortality year in Argentina, we hypothesize this approach provides a way to retrospectively compare nutritional condition of breeding adult female SRW across nursery areas. RESUMEN Las ballenas francas australes (BFA) tienen una estrategia de reproducción de “acumulación de capital”, es decir que utilizan las reservas de energía almacenadas para mantenerse a sí mismas y a sus crías en las áreas de cría. Con la disminución de los eventos de partos exitosos en algunas poblaciones de BFA, se ha planteado la hipótesis que el estrés nutricional en las hembras adultas causa fallas reproductivas o la muerte de los ballenatos poco después del nacimiento. En este trabajo comparamos las diferencias en los valores de isótopos de carbono y nitrógeno de las madres y sus crías (delta13Ccría-madre y delta15Ncría-madre) entre tres poblaciones de BFA. Las BFA de Aotearoa Nueva Zelanda, con altas tasas de crecimiento de la población y altos puntajes de condiciones corporales, tiene delta13Ccría-madre negativo, lo que sugiere que las crías están utilizando carbono lipídico empobrecido en 13C en la leche para impulsar la síntesis de aminoácidos no esenciales utilizados para construir nuevos tejidos y crecer rápidamente. En contraste, diferencias significativamente positivas de delta13Ccría-madre reportadas previamente para BFA de Argentina durante un evento de muerte masiva han sido hipotetizadas como debido al consumo de leche con bajo contenido de lípidos. Los patrones de delta15Ncría-madre fueron más difíciles de interpretar y resaltan la complejidad en la transferencia de nitrógeno entre las madres y sus crías. Al combinar los datos de este estudio con datos similares recopilados en Brasil y durante un año de baja mortalidad en Argentina, podemos plantear la hipótesis de que este enfoque proporciona una forma de comparar retrospectivamente la condición nutricional de las hembras adultas de BFW en distintas áreas de cría. RESUMO A baleia-franca-austral (BFA) possui a estratégia de acumular energia para manter a si mesma e aos seus filhotes nas áreas reprodutivas. Devido a diminuição do número de partos bem sucedidos em algumas populações de BFA, foi sugerida a hipótese de que o estresse nutricional nas fêmeas adultas causaria falhas reprodutivas ou a morte dos filhotes logo após o nascimento. Neste estudo comparamos as diferenças nos valores dos isótopos de carbono e nitrogênio das fêmeas e seus filhotes (delta13Cfilhote-mãe e delta 5Nfilhote-mãe) entre três populações de BFA. As BFA de Aotearoa Nova Zelândia, com altas taxas de crescimento da população e altos valores de condição corporal, têm delta13Cfilhote-mãe negativo, resultado que sugere que os filhotes estão utilizando carbono lipídico empobrecido em 13C do leite para estimular a síntese de aminoácidos não essenciais utilizados para construir novos tecidos e crescer rapidamente. Por outro lado, as diferenças significativas positivas de delta13Cfilhote-mãe reportadas previamente para BFA de Argentina, durante um evento de mortalidade em massa, foram atribuídas ao consumo de leite de baixo conteúdo de lipídios. Os padrões de delta15Nfilhote-mãe foram mais difíceis de se interpretar e demonstraram a complexidade na transferência de nitrogênio entre as mães e seus filhotes. Ao combinar os dados deste estudo com dados similares coletados no Brasil e durante um ano de baixa mortalidade na Argentina, sugere-se que os estudos isotópicos seriam uma forma de comparar retrospectivamente a condição nutricional das fêmeas de BFA em distintas áreas reprodutivas. And a blog is available for a lay summary as well: https://tohoravoyages.ac.nz/how-can-we-measure-stress-in-whales-new-researc… Emma Carroll Rutherford Discovery Fellow | Senior Research Fellow Te Kura Mātauranga Koiora | School of Biological Sciences Waipapa Taumata Rau | University of Auckland e: e.carroll(a)auckland.ac.nz | p: +64 9 923 8239 | t: @EmzLCarroll w: www.tohoravoyages.ac.nz

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New publication: 'Underwater Noise Mitigation in the Santa Barbara Channel through Incentive-based Vessel Speed Reduction
by Vanessa Zobell 15 Sep '21

15 Sep '21

Dear colleagues, My coauthors and I are pleased to announce our new publication in Scientific Reports documenting an underwater noise mitigation effort brought about by the Protecting Blue Whales and Blue Skies program. ZoBell, V. Frasier, K. Morten, J. Hastings, S. Peavey Reeves, L. Wiggins, S. Hildebrand, J. “Underwater Noise Mitigation in the Santa Barbara Channel through Incentive-Based Vessel Speed Reduction.” Scientific Reports, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, doi:10.1038/s41598-021-96506-1. The article is open-access and can be viewed here: https://rdcu.be/cxOo5 <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__rdcu.be_cxOo5&d=DwMFaQ…> Abstract Commercial shipping is the dominant source of low‐frequency noise in the ocean. It has been shown that the noise radiated by an individual vessel depends upon the vessel’s speed. This study quantified the reduction in source levels (SLs) and sound exposure levels (SELs) for ships participating in two variations of a vessel speed reduction (VSR) program. SLs and SELs of individual ships participating in the program between 2014 and 2017 were statistically lower than non‐participating ships (p < 0.001). In the 2018 fleet‐based program, there were statistical differences between the SLs and SELs of fleets that participated with varying degrees of cooperation. Significant reductions in SL and SEL relied on cooperation of 25% or more in slowing vessel speed. This analysis highlights how slowing vessel speed to 10 knots or less is an effective method in reducing underwater noise emitted from commercial ships. Thank you! Vanessa ZoBell -- *Vanessa ZoBell *(she/her) PhD Student, Scripps Whale Acoustic Lab <http://www.cetus.ucsd.edu/> Dr. Nancy Foster Scholar <https://fosterscholars.noaa.gov/aboutnf.html> Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Ritter Hall 105

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New publication: Forecasting blue whale distribution, with applications for spatial management
by Barlow, Dawn Renee 15 Sep '21

15 Sep '21

Dear MARMAM Community, I am pleased to share our recent publication in the Journal of Applied Ecology: Barlow, D. R., & Torres, L. G. (2021). Planning ahead: Dynamic models forecast blue whale distribution with applications for spatial management. Journal of Applied Ecology, 00, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13992 ABSTRACT: 1. Resources in the ocean are ephemeral, and effective management must therefore account for the dynamic spatial and temporal patterns of ecosystems and species of concern. We focus on the South Taranaki Bight (STB) of New Zealand, where upwelling generates productivity and prey to support an important foraging ground for blue whales that overlaps with anthropogenic pressure from industrial activities. 2. We incorporate regional ecological knowledge of upwelling dynamics, physical-biological coupling, and associated lags in models to forecast sea surface temperature (SST) and net primary productivity (NPP) with up to three weeks lead time. Forecasted environmental layers are then implemented in species distribution models to predict suitable blue whale habitat in the STB. Models were calibrated using data from the austral summers of 2009-2019, and ecological forecast skill was evaluated by predicting to withheld data. 3. Boosted regression tree models skillfully forecasted SST (CV deviance explained=0.969-0.970) and NPP (CV deviance explained=0.738-0.824). The subsequent blue whale distribution forecast models had high predictive performance (AUC=0.889), effectively forecasting suitable habitat on a daily scale with 1-3 weeks lead time. 4. The spatial location and extent of forecasted blue whale habitat was variable, with the proportion of petroleum and mineral permit areas that overlapped with daily suitable habitat ranging from 0-70%. Hence, the STB and these forecast models are well-suited for dynamic management that could reduce anthropogenic threats to whales while decreasing regulatory burdens to industry users relative to a traditional static protected area. 5. Synthesis and applications: We develop and test ecological forecast models that predict sea surface temperature, net primary productivity, and blue whale suitable habitat up to three weeks in the future within New Zealand's South Taranaki Bight region. These forecasts of whale distribution can be effectively applied for dynamic spatial management due to model foundation on quantified links and lags between physical forcing and biological responses. A framework to operationalize these forecasts through a user-driven application is in development to proactively inform conservation management decisions. This framework is implemented through stakeholder engagement, allows flexibility based on management objectives, and is amenable to improvement as new knowledge and feedback are received. The full article is open access, and available online: https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.13992<https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbesjourna…> Please feel free to contact me (dawn.barlow(a)oregonstate.edu<mailto:dawn.barlow@oregonstate.edu>) with any questions or to request a PDF copy. Cheers, Dawn Dawn Barlow (she/her) PhD Candidate Marine Mammal Institute | Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences Oregon State University | Hatfield Marine Science Center Geospatial Ecology of Marine Megafauna Lab<https://mmi.oregonstate.edu/gemm-lab> dawn.barlow(a)oregonstate.edu

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Three Marine Mammal Noise Exposure Criteria Publications
by Brandon Southall 15 Sep '21

15 Sep '21

MARMAM Community, On behalf of and with sincere thanks to the many co-authors and contributors to this effort, I’d like to bring to your attention the publication of a new paper on noise exposure criteria assessment methods for marine mammal behavioral responses to anthropogenic noise. The citation and open access site for this paper is: Southall, B.L., Nowacek, D.P., Bowles, A.E., Senigaglia, V., Bejder, L., and Tyack, P.L.. (2021). Marine Mammal Noise Exposure Criteria: Assessing the Severity of Marine Mammal Behavioral Responses to Human Noise. Aquatic Mammals, 47(5), 421-464. https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.47.5.2021.421 Please note that this paper is the third and final contribution of an expert panel working on the second iteration of marine mammal noise exposure criteria (following on an initial 2007 publication). Citations and access points for the two earlier publications are: Southall, B.L. (2021). Evolutions in marine mammal noise exposure criteria. Acoustics Today 17(2), 52-60. https://acousticstoday.org/2021summerevolutions-in-marine-mammal-noise-expo… Southall, B. L., Finneran, J. J., Reichmuth, C., Nachtigall, P. E., Ketten, D. R., Bowles, A. E., Ellison, W. T., Nowacek, D. P., and Tyack, P. L. (2019). Marine Mammal Noise Exposure Criteria: Updated Scientific Recommendations for Residual Hearing Effects. Aquatic Mammals 45, 125-232. https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.45.2.2019.125 Thank you and please let me know if you have any difficulty accessing any of these publications and I can send a copy directly. Brandon Southall T ------------------------------- Brandon Southall, Ph.D President, Senior Scientist - Southall Environmental Associates, Inc. Research Associate - UC Santa Cruz Institute of Marine Science Adjunct Assistant Professor - Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Senior Scientist - California Ocean Alliance Brandon.Southall(a)sea-inc.net<mailto:Brandon.Southall@sea-inc.net> 831.661.5177 (office) 831.332.8744 (cell) 9099 Soquel Dr., suite 8 Aptos CA 95003 USA www.sea-inc.net<http://www.sea-inc.net> www.caoceanalliance.org<http://www.caoceanalliance.org> -------------------------------

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Marine Animal Rehabilitation and Environmental Education Internship
by Gabbie Nicoletta 14 Sep '21

14 Sep '21

MARINE ANIMAL REHABILITATION & ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION INTERNSHIP The National Marine Life Center (NMLC) is now accepting applications for the Marine Animal Rehabilitation and Environmental Education Internship for the Winter/Spring 2022 session. The application deadline is November 1, 2021. The internship will run from the first week of January 2022 through the third week of May 2022. Animal Care Responsibilities: Depending on need and case load, interns will assist with the care of the NMLC rehabilitation patients including seals, sea turtles, and a variety of native turtle species. Animal Care duties will include animal restraint; cleaning; disinfecting tanks, equipment, and environmental enrichment devices; diet preparation; administering feeds (including tube feeding); record keeping; facility maintenance; and water quality testing. Interns will also assist animal care staff with medical procedures, admission exams, animal necropsies, and release events. Education Responsibilities: Interns will assist with environmental education programs, including on-site programs, off-site programs, virtual programs, fairs, and festivals. Programs will focus on marine animals, rehabilitation practices, conservation, and STEM activities. Interns will learn how to effectively interpret and educate guests of NMLC on marine animals and conservation. Interns may be asked to work in the gift shop and assist with various office projects such as fundraising and data entry. Opportunities may be available to create displays for the Discovery Center and help create lesson plans and activities that are aligned with the Massachusetts State Frameworks and Ocean Literacy Principles. Other Responsibilities: Each intern is assigned to multiple projects in different areas of the organization, e.g. research, fundraising, rehabilitation, marketing, social media or education. A weekly chore will be delegated to each intern to assist with the upkeep of the facility and equipment. Each intern is required to attend regularly scheduled meetings throughout their time at NMLC. At the end of the internship, the intern will deliver a presentation about their experience and projects to staff and volunteers. Positions are unpaid. Interns must have their own transportation. Housing is not provided, but NMLC will offer suggestions. Qualifications * Must be currently enrolled in, or recently graduated from an accredited college or university; preference will be given to students or recent graduates working towards biology, environmental studies, marine science, education, or other related fields. * Must demonstrate strong written and verbal communication skills. * Must be adaptable, responsible, hard working, willing to learn, and have attention to detail. * Must be able to work independently and as part of a team. * Must be willing to engage in a positive and informative manner with members of the public on a regular basis. * Must be willing to participate in and receive constructive feedback. * Must expect to work approximately 40 hours per week, which can include early morning and/or late night seal feedings depending on the season. * If an intern plans to receive school credit for an internship they must notify staff prior to the internship start date, and it will be the responsibility of the applicant to ensure all required paperwork is completed and submitted. To Apply: Send your resume, cover letter, and one letter of recommendation to internship(a)nmlc.org<mailto:internship@nmlc.org> or P.O. Box 269, Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts 02532. Due to the high number of applications, only qualified candidates will be contacted. Gabriella Nicoletta Animal Care, Necropsy, & Operations Coordinator National Marine Life Center P.O. Box 269, 120 Main Street Buzzards Bay, MA 02532-0269 Office: (508)-743-9888 Email: gnicoletta(a)nmlc.org www.nmlc.org

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7th International Bio-logging Symposium is 1 month away!
by BLS7 Hawaii 14 Sep '21

14 Sep '21

Aloha MARMAM Community- Just a reminder that the 7th International Bio-logging Symposium will be happening virtually from Hawaii on October 18-22. We have an excellent scientific program spanning different technology, taxa and ecosystems around the world. Please visit our website to find out more about the conference: bls7hawaii.com We will be updating our website soon with our list of plenary speakers. Registration Fees: Professional - Career scientists, Post-docs, etc. $175 USD Professional - Low Income Country -$115 USD Students - $75 USD Student - Low-income country - $40 USD For all you looking to fill the void left by postponement of the marine mammal biennial, then this is a good option for you! If you have any questions please reach out to the BLS7 Organizing Committee at bls7hawaii(a)gmail.com Hope to see you virtually. Mahalo, BLS7 Organizing Committee (Aude, Kenady, Josh, and Charles)

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- New paper on Southern Resident killer whale whistles
by Marie Souhaut 14 Sep '21

14 Sep '21

My co-author and I are pleased to announce the publication of a new manuscript in Peer J: "Stereotyped whistles in southern resident killer whales." Souhaut M, Shields MW. 2021. PeerJ 9:e12085 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12085 Abstract: The endangered Southern Resident killer whales (*Orcinus orca*) of the northeast Pacific region use two main types of vocal signals to communicate: discrete calls and whistles. Despite being one of the most-studied cetacean populations in the world, whistles have not been as heavily analyzed due to their relatively low occurrence compared to discrete calls. The aim of the current study is to further investigate the whistle repertoire and characteristics of the Southern Resident killer whale population. Acoustic data were collected between 2006–2007 and 2015–2017 in the waters around San Juan Island, Washington State, USA from boats and from shore. A total of 228 whistles were extracted and analyzed with 53.5% of them found to be stereotyped. Three of the four stereotyped whistles identified by a previous study using recordings from 1979–1982 were still occurring, demonstrating that whistles are stable vocalizations for a period of more than 35 years. The presence of three new stereotyped whistles was also documented. These results demonstrate that whistles share the longevity and vocal tradition of discrete calls, and warrant further study as a key element of Southern Resident killer whale communication and cultural transmission. This publication is open-access and can be found at the following link: Stereotyped whistles in southern resident killer whales [PeerJ] <https://peerj.com/articles/12085/> For any questions, please contact me at souhaut.marie(a)gmail.com. Best regards, *Marie Souhaut* +33 6 62 16 66 28

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New publication in Ecography - Integration of presence-only data from several data sources: A case study on dolphins' spatial distribution
by Daniela Silvia Pace 14 Sep '21

14 Sep '21

Dear colleagues, on behalf of my co-authors, I am pleased to announce our new publication in Ecography: Martino S*, Pace DS*, Moro S, Casoli E, Ventura D, Frachea A, Silvestri M, Arcangeli A, Giacomini G, Ardizzone G, & Jona-Lasinio G (2021) Integration of presence-only data from several data sources: A case study on dolphins' spatial distribution. *equal contribution The article is open access and can be found here: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ecog.05843 Abstract Presence-only data are typical occurrence information used in species distribution modelling. Data may be originated from different sources, and their integration is a challenging exercise in spatial ecology as detection biases are rarely fully considered. We propose a new protocol for presence-only data fusion, where information sources include social media platforms, to investigate several possible solutions to reduce uncertainty in the modelling outputs. As a case study, we use spatial data on two dolphin species with different ecological characteristics and distribution, collected in central Tyrrhenian through traditional research campaigns and derived from a careful selection of social media images and videos. We built a spatial log-Gaussian cox process that incorporates different detection functions and thinning for each data source. To finalize the model in a Bayesian framework, we specified priors for all model parameters. We used slightly informative priors to avoid identifiability issues when estimating both the animal intensity and the observation process. We compared different types of detection function and accessibility explanations. We showed how the detection function's variation affects ecological findings on two species representatives for different habitats and with different spatial distribution. Our findings allow for a sound understanding of the species distribution in the study area, confirming the proposed approach's appropriateness. Besides, the straightforward implementation in the R software, and the provision of examples' code with simulated data, consistently facilitate broader applicability of the method and allow for further validations. The proposed approach is widely functional and can be considered with different species and ecological contexts. With very best wishes, Daniela -- Daniela Silvia Pace, PhD Department of Environmental Biology Marine Ecology Lab Sapienza University of Rome Viale dell’Università 32 00185 Rome, Italy mail: danielasilvia.pace(a)uniroma1.it mobile: +39 346 1039652 office: +39 06 4991 4763 skype: lagenorinco Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5121-7080 [image: Risultati immagini per logo sapienza] -- ________________________________________________________ Le informazioni contenute in questo messaggio di posta elettronica sono strettamente riservate e indirizzate esclusivamente al destinatario. Si prega di non leggere, fare copia, inoltrare a terzi o conservare tale messaggio se non si è il legittimo destinatario dello stesso. Qualora tale messaggio sia stato ricevuto per errore, si prega di restituirlo al mittente e di cancellarlo permanentemente dal proprio computer. The information contained in this e mail message is strictly confidential and intended for the use of the addressee only. If you are not the intended recipient, please do not read, copy, forward or store it on your computer. If you have received the message in error, please forward it back to the sender and delete it permanently from your computer system. -- Fai crescere i nostri giovani ricercatori dona il 5 per mille alla Sapienza *codice fiscale 80209930587*

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