October 2016 - MARMAM - devlists.uvic.ca

New publication: "Harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, in the Mediterranean Sea and adjacent regions: biogeographic relicts of the last glacial period
by Michael GMAIL 08 Oct '16

08 Oct '16

Dear colleagues, I am delighted to announced the publication of this new review paper about the harbour porpoises: Fontaine M. C., 2016 Harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, in the Mediterranean Sea and adjacent regions: biogeographic relicts of the last glacial period. In: Notarbartolo di Sciara G, Podestà M, Curry BE (Eds.), Advances in Marine Biology v. 75. Mediterranean Marine Mammal Ecology and Conservation, Elsevier, p. in press. DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2016.08.006 Abstract The harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, is one of the best studied cetacean species owing to its common distribution along the coastal waters of the Northern Hemisphere. In European waters, strandings are common and bycatch mortalities in commercial fisheries reach alarming numbers. Lethal interactions resulting from human activities together with ongoing environmental changes raise serious concerns about population viability throughout the species’ range. These concerns foster the need to fill critical gaps in knowledge of harbour porpoise biology, including population structure, feeding ecology, habitat preference and evolutionary history, that are critical information for planning effective management and conservation efforts. While the species is distributed fairly continuously in the North Atlantic Ocean, it becomes fragmented in the south-eastern part with isolated populations occurring along the Atlantic coasts of the Iberian Peninsula, Northwest Africa and the Black Sea. The latter population is separated from Atlantic populations by the Mediterranean Sea, where the species is almost entirely absent. Understanding the evolutionary history of these populations occurring in marginal habitats holds the potential to reveal fundamental aspects of the species' biology such as the factors determining its distribution, ecological niche, and how past and recent environmental variation have shaped the current population structure. This information can be critical for understanding the future evolution of the species in consideration of ongoing environmental changes. This chapter summarizes the recent advances in our knowledge regarding the populations bordering the Mediterranean Sea with a special emphasis on their ecological and evolutionary history, which has recently been reconstructed from genetic analyses. It is available here: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065288116300311 You can also contact me too, Best regards Michael -- ><((((º>`·.¸¸.·´¯`·.¸.·´¯`·...¸><((((º>¸. `·.¸¸.·´¯`·.¸¸·´¯`·.. ><((((º>`·.¸¸.·´¯`·.¸.·´¯`·...¸><((((º> Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES) University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands Email: m.c.fontaine(a)rug.nl <mailto:m.c.fontaine@rug.nl> Researcher-ID (G-5350-2011) Professional webpage: www.rug.nl/staff/m.c.fontaine/ <http://www.rug.nl/staff/m.c.fontaine/> Personal webpage: michaelcfontaine.wordpress.com <http://michaelcfontaine.wordpress.com/>

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New publication - Tsai and Kohno 2016 early gigantism in Mysticeti
by Cheng-Hsiu Tsai 08 Oct '16

08 Oct '16

Dear colleagues We are pleased to announce a new article, considering the early gigantism in baleen whales. The full text could be viewed and/or downloaded here: http://rdcu.be/kMlY <http://em.rdcu.be/wf/click?upn=KP7O1RED-2BlD0F9LDqGVeSD4xo-2B-2BnyZ8i-2Byk3…> or http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00114-016-1417-5 Alternatively, please email me: craniata(a)gmail.com or cheng-hsiu.tsai(a)otago.ac.nz Abstract Living baleen whales (Mysticeti) include the world’s largest animals to have ever lived—blue whales (*Balaenoptera musculus*) can reach more than 30 m. However, the gigantism in baleen whales remains little explored. Here, we compiled all published stem mysticetes from the Eocene and Oligocene and then mapped the estimated body size onto different phylogenies that suggest distinct evolutionary histories of baleen whales. By assembling all known stem baleen whales, we present three novel findings in early mysticete evolution. Results show that, regardless of different phylogenetic scenarios, large body size (more than 5-m long) evolved multiple times independently in their early evolutionary history. For example, the earliest known aetiocetid (*Fucaia buelli*, 33–31 Ma) was small in size, about 2 m, and a later aetiocetid (*Morawanocetus*-like animal, 26–23 Ma) can reach 8-mlong—almost four times the size of *Fucaia buelli*—suggesting an independent gigantism in the aetiocetid lineage. In addition, our reconstruction of ancestral state demonstrates that the baleen whales originated from small body size (less than 5 m) rather than large body size as previously acknowledged. Moreover, reconstructing the evolution of body size in stem baleen whales suggests that the initial pulse of mysticete gigantism started at least back to the Paleogene and in turn should help to understand the origin, pattern, and process of the extreme gigantism in the crown baleen whales. This study illustrates that Cope’s rule is insufficient to explain the evolution of body size in a group that comprises the largest animals in the history of life, although currently the lack of exact ancestor-descendant relationships remains to fully reveal the evolutionary history of body size. Regards and all the best, Tsai -- 蔡政修（Cheng-Hsiu Tsai さいまさのぶ) JSPS Postdoctoral Research Fellow (JSPS: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 日本學術振興會) Department of Geology and Paleontology, National Museum of Nature and Science (Tsukuba Research Center) 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan Email: cheng-hsiu.tsai(a)otago.ac.nz; craniata(a)gmail.com

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Online PSO / MMO Training
by PSO Training 07 Oct '16

07 Oct '16

Become a Protected Species Observer/Marine Mammal Observer at any time through PSOeTraining, the first U.S. regulatory-compliant online PSO/MMO training course. The course is offered for $395 and consists of 12 graded lessons, a practical species identification quiz designed to simulate real in-field detection events, and a comprehensive final exam. The training program was created by instructors whom are accepted trainers by the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE), in collaboration with experienced PSOs, degreed biologists, educators, and industry professionals. Successful completion of the program results in a professional certification that distinguishes you as a PSO. Whether you are looking to work in the field as a PSO, to expand your knowledge of protected species regulations, marine environmental issues, and/or geological and geophysical regulations, or enhance your skillset, this course has something to offer you! Register today at PSOeTraining.com<http://psoetraining.com/register.aspx>! RPS Group has been the leading provider for PSO services in the Gulf of Mexico for over a decade and we are proud to present this high-quality, convenient, and effective online certification program. Doctors, engineers, pilots, and other professionals complete certification and/or degree programs that are available online, and now PSOs join the ranks of those benefiting from online learning! Our intensive e-training program will engage and instruct you with informative videos, interactive quizzes, and stimulating content. The combination of a fun, interesting program and self-paced learning has been proven to facilitate learning and increase retention of the material-leading to better, more qualified PSOs! Learn more at PSOeTraining.com<http://psoetraining.com/coursedetail.aspx>! This e-mail message and any attached file is the property of the sender and is sent in confidence to the addressee only. Internet communications are not secure and RPS is not responsible for their abuse by third parties, any alteration or corruption in transmission or for any loss or damage caused by a virus or by other means. Any advice contained in this e-mail is for information purposes only. RPS Group Plc, company number: 208 7786 (England). Registered office: 20 Western Avenue Milton Park Abingdon Oxfordshire OX14 4SH. RPS Group Plc web link: <http://www.rpsgroup.com>

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Critical Decline of the Eastern Caribbean Sperm Whale Population [NEW PUBLICATION]
by Shane Gero 07 Oct '16

07 Oct '16

Dear all, It is unfortunate that we must announce the publication of the following in PLoS ONE: Critical Decline of the Eastern Caribbean Sperm Whale Population By: Shane Gero and Hal Whitehead The paper is OPEN ACCESS and available here: HTML Full Text: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0162019 PDF: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/asset?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0162… Abstract: Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) populations were expected to rebuild following the end of commercial whaling. We document the decline of the population in the eastern Caribbean by tracing demographic changes of well-studied social units. We address hypotheses that, over a ten-year period of dedicated effort (2005-2015), unit size, numbers of calves and/or calving rates have each declined. Across 16 units, the number of adults decreased in 12 units, increased in two, and showed no change in two. The number of adults per unit decreased at -0.195 individuals/yr (95% CI: -0.080 to -0.310; P = 0.001). The number of calves also declined, but the decline was not significant. This negative trend of -4.5% per year in unit size started in about 2010, with numbers being fairly stable until then. There are several natural and anthropogenic threats, but no well-substantiated cause for the decline. Citation: Gero S, Whitehead H (2016) Critical Decline of the Eastern Caribbean Sperm Whale Population. PLoS ONE 11(10): e0162019. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162019 My very best Shane **************************** Shane Gero<http://www.shanegero.com/> VILLUM Research Fellow Marine Bioacoustics Lab<http://www.marinebioacoustics.com/> Institute for Bioscience Aarhus University Denmark Learn more about The Dominica Sperm Whale Project at http://www.thespermwhaleproject.org<http://www.thespermwhaleproject.org/> Find us on Facebook<https://www.facebook.com/spermwhaleproject> or Follow @DomWhale<https://twitter.com/DomWhale>

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Earthwatch announcing RFP for Marine Multitrophic Ecology Youth Program, for projects to begin in 2018
by Stan Rullman 07 Oct '16

07 Oct '16

[EW-logo-K] Dear MARMAM scientists, Earthwatch is pleased to announce a request for proposals for the Earthwatch Marine Multitrophic Ecology Youth Research Program, for field research projects to begin in 2018. PDFs of this announcement and details on the submission process are available here: http://earthwatch.org/scientific-research/apply-for-funding/working-with-ea…. Request for Proposals for Field Research: Earthwatch Marine Multitrophic Ecology Youth Research Program Oceans cover 71 percent of the earth's surface area and produce some of humanity's most important resources. They play an integral role in regulating many of the earth's systems, such as climate, and provide food for billions of people and other vital ecosystem services. Yet ocean ecosystems are among the most vulnerable to global change. Historical and ongoing shifts to marine food webs have resulted in loss of biodiversity, extinction, and economic loss. Restoring resiliency to marine ecosystems requires multitrophic, data-rich research that examines marine megafaunal impacts on whole food webs. Effectively addressing global change and sustainability issues in the marine environment and beyond also necessitates a multi-generation approach that incorporates STEM practices and aligns with Next Generation Science Standards. Authentically engaging youth in research may also fulfill many of the broader impacts targets associated with other sources of funding. In order to mentor and encourage the next generation of environmental scientists and leaders, Earthwatch is inviting proposals for marine multitrophic ecology projects based in North America, Central America, Europe, and the Caribbean that actively engage youth in conducting field research. We are seeking research proposals from scientists for projects that will engage with young volunteers in order to address global change in ocean ecosystems by: * Conducting novel multitrophic marine research utilizing principles of chemistry, biology, ecology and engineering; * Assessing and/or addressing human-wildlife conflict between humans and marine animals; * Mitigating the impacts of unsustainable resource extraction (both biotic and abiotic) in a manner that maintains native biodiversity and productivity; * Directly informing management plans and environmental policies; and * Relating the research to multi-generational solutions that are actionable by youth volunteers. All proposed projects must study high-trophic level megafauna that potentially function as keystone species (e.g., Chelonioidea, Elasmobranchii, Sirenia and Cetacea) and have an overarching research theme directly related to global change. All must enable participation of young citizen scientists (15-18 years old). Projects must have the flexibility to allow participation by community members and adults as needed. All projects must have a research administrator to manage field and data logistics. We strongly welcome proposals for projects that will improve the livelihoods of human communities and help develop scientists in emerging nations. Harnessing the Power of Citizen Science to Address Global Change: For 45 years, in order to find sustainable solutions to global change, Earthwatch has sent scientists into the field assisted by citizen-scientist volunteers. Collectively, our goal is to support projects that produce rigorous, relevant, and impactful science. Participation by volunteers increases the broader impacts of the research we support. Citizen scientists return home with a deeper awareness of what is at stake and greater commitment to address conservation challenges. To fit the citizen-science model of this RFP, all proposed projects must: * Have a 3-year or longer duration (longer-term research may receive priority support); * Incorporate field-based research; * Have data gathered primarily by citizen-scientist volunteers recruited by Earthwatch; * Field 4 to 10 teams annually that span 7 to 14 days, each team accommodating up to 20 volunteers; * Incorporate high-school student participation; * Field in the summer, or in alignment with spring academic break (i.e. April, March); * Provide housing for volunteers within a reasonable distance from the research site; * Be run in English, with all communications and supporting documents in English; * Give equal emphasis to education and data collection; and * Share project data with managers and if possible contribute to open-source datasets. Grants: Annual grants cover project expenses while in the field including: equipment (limited), tools, and supplies; research permits; scientist transport to the field; support staff; food and housing for principal investigators, staff, and Earthwatch volunteers. Grants do not cover scientist salaries, student tuition, overhead, capital equipment, or post-fielding data analysis. Typical annual budgets average between US $20,000-$80,000, with approximately half covering project volunteer expenses. Final grants are based on the number of volunteers participating. We provide funding for 3 years, subject to passing an annual performance review. Funding is renewable, upon submitting a research renewal proposal. Additional Support: All youth groups will be accompanied by 1-2 adult chaperones provided through Earthwatch. These adults are typically teachers, Earthwatch staff, and trained field techs from other projects. They provide additional support for the team on the ground, and manage youth after hours and during free time. We typically have a 6:1 ratio of youth to chaperones. We are happy to facilitate peer-to-peer sharing by connecting new PIs with PIs who have previously fielded youth teams through Earthwatch. Principal Investigator Requirements: All proposals must be submitted by the PI with a PhD, an affiliation with a university, government agency, or NGO, who can pass a background check. We encourage graduate student participation in projects. Scientists must be interested in working with 15-18 year old students. We encourage PIs and support staff with relevant experience to highlight this experience in their proposal. We particularly are interested in helping support developing scientists from emerging nations. Submitting a Pre-Proposal: All pre-proposals and supporting documents must be in English. Earthwatch will select pre-proposals for development into full research proposals based on quality and relevance of the project proposed, PI qualifications, and goodness of fit for citizen science. Due to safety concerns, we are unable to support projects in the following areas: Earthwatch No Go List<http://s3.amazonaws.com/Earthwatch/A_Files/research/Earthwatch_No_Go_List_2…>. To submit a pre-proposal, visit earthwatch.org/scientific-research/scientist-opportunities/working-with-ear…<http://earthwatch.org/scientific-research/scientist-opportunities/working-w…>. Pre-Proposals for projects beginning in 2018 will be accepted through 11:59 PM (EDT) November 6, 2016. Please direct inquiries to: research(a)earthwatch.org<mailto:research@earthwatch.org> ****************************** Stan Rullman, PhD Research Director Earthwatch Institute 114 Western Ave, Boston, MA 02134 T: +1-978-450-1228 | www.earthwatch.org<http://www.earthwatch.org> Fax : +1-978-461-2332 Skype: stan.rullman [cid:image003.png@01D2209A.7B43F7B0] - Connect on Facebook<http://www.facebook.com/earthwatch>, Twitter<http://www.twitter.com/earthwatch_org>, and YouTube<http://www.youtube.com/user/EarthwatchInstitute#p/a>. Earthwatch Video<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dqsr_d143ns>

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New paper on the phylogeny of the pygmy right whale (Caperea)
by Felix Marx 07 Oct '16

07 Oct '16

Dear colleagues, please find below the abstract and link to our recently published, open access paper on a re-interpretation of the only known fossil pygmy right whale, Miocaperea pulchra, and the status of the living pygmy right whale as the last survivor of the otherwise extinct family Cetotheriidae: Marx, F.G. and Fordyce, N. 2016. A link no longer missing: new evidence for the cetotheriid affinities of Caperea. PLoS ONE 11: e0164059 Link: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0164059 Abstract: The origins of the enigmatic pygmy right whale Caperea marginata, the only living member of its subfamily (Neobalaeninae), are an outstanding mystery of cetacean evolution. Its strikingly disparate morphology sets Caperea apart from all other whales, and has turned it into a wildcard taxon that holds the key to understanding modern baleen whale diversity. Morphological cladistics generally ally this species with right whales, whereas molecular analyses consistently cluster it with rorquals and grey whales (Balaenopteroidea). A recent study potentially resolved this conflict by proposing that Caperea belongs with the otherwise extinct Cetotheriidae, but has been strongly criticised on morphological grounds. Evidence from the neobalaenine fossil record could potentially give direct insights into morphological transitions, but is currently limited to just a single species: the Late Miocene Miocaperea pulchra, from Peru. We show that Miocaperea has a highly unusual morphology of the auditory region, resulting from a–presumably feeding-related–strengthening of the articulation of the hyoid apparatus with the skull. This distinctive arrangement is otherwise only found in the extinct Cetotheriidae, which makes Miocaperea a “missing link” that demonstrates the origin of pygmy right whales from cetotheriids, and confirms the latter’s resurrection from the dead. Kind regards, Felix Marx _____________________________ *Felix G. Marx* PhD Marie Skłodowska-Curie Postdoctoral Fellow *Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium *Monash University, Melbourne, Australia *Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia Address: School of Biological Sciences, Monash University 25 Rainforest Walk, VIC 3800, Australia Tel. +61 (0)3 9905 1190 (Monash University) or +61 (0)3 8341 7733 (Museum Victoria)

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New publication on sources of individual variation in aggression in Grey Seals
by Kelly Robinson 07 Oct '16

07 Oct '16

Dear MARMAM subscribers, My co-authors and I are pleased to announce a new publication exploring the ontogeny of aggressive behaviour in young grey seals: Robinson, K.J., Pomeroy, P.P. , Hazon, N., Moss, S. & Twiss, S.D. (2016). Individual size, sex and rearing environment impact on aggression in newly weaned seals. Marine Mammal Science, DOI: 10.1111/mms.12367 Summary: Aggressive behavior is an important part of how animals interact with each other. Aggressiveness enables individuals to defend themselves or to exploit opportunities to obtain resources from others. We investigated which physical and environmental factors affect how aggressive gray seal pups are towards each other once weaned from their mothers on the Isle of May breeding colony in Scotland. We found that pups raised on crowded areas of the colony were more aggressive than pups from areas with few seals, and that physical characteristics (sex and size) also influence how aggressive individuals of this seal species are. Males showed a postive correlation between aggression and size, while the relationship female size and aggression showed a non-linear relationship. Further research is needed to determine whether heightened aggressiveness in large or high density reared infants persists into adulthood, whether it is consistent throughout an individual's lifetime, or if this relationship is present in other age groups or species. The article can be found at: <http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0144577> http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mms.12367/full The article will soon be open access; so anyone who is interested in the manuscript should be able to download a pdf of it once this has gone through. However if you have any problems getting a copy please email kjr33(a)st-andrews.ac.uk<mailto:kjr33@st-andrews.ac.uk>. Kind regards, Dr Kelly Robinson Research Fellow Sea Mammal Research Unit Scottish Oceans Institute University of St Andrews KY16 8LB Tel: +44(0)1334 462635 Twitter: @_SMRU_ For more information about my research please visit: https://kellyrobinsonscience.wordpress.com/ *********************************************** The University of St Andrews is a charity registered in Scotland : No SC013532

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New publication on manatee aging
by Katie Brill 06 Oct '16

06 Oct '16

My co-authors and I are pleased to announce a new publication published in NAMMCO Scientific Publications. Brill, K., Marmontel, M., Bolen-Richardson, M., & Stewart, R. (2016). *Inter-lab comparison of precision and recommended methods for age estimation of Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) using growth layer groups in earbones*. *NAMMCO Scientific Publications, 10*. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/3.3786 Abstract: Manatees are routinely aged by counting Growth Layer Groups (GLGs) in periotic bones (earbones). Manatee carcasses recovered in Florida between 1974 and 2010 provided age-estimation material for three readers and formed the base for a retrospective analysis of aging precision (repeatability). All readers were in good agreement (high precision) with the greatest apparent source of variation being the result of earbone remodelling with increasing manatee age. Over the same period, methods of sample preparation and of determining a final age estimate changed. We examined the effects of altering methods on ease of reading GLGs and found no statistical differences. Accurate age estimates are an important component for effective management of the species and for better models of population trends and we summarize the currently recommended methods for estimating manatee ages using earbones. Feel free to contact me for any inquiries at ManateeAging(a)gmail.com Thanks, Katie Brill

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ANZSCSMM: Final Call for Abstracts
by Katherine Indeck 06 Oct '16

06 Oct '16

Dear ANZSCSMM members, This is a friendly reminder that the third Australia/New Zealand Student Chapter Meeting of the Society for Marine Mammalogy will take place on November 24th and 25th, 2016, starting at 9 AM at Flinders University (South Australia). There will be an optional half-day workshop (Introduction to DISCOVERY: Photo-Identification Data-Management System for Individually Recognisable Animals) on Wednesday afternoon, November 23rd, which will be run by our colleagues from the University of Hong Kong. This opportunity will be free, and open to all interested conference participants. The Chapter has funding to provide meals during the two days of the conference, as well as the opportunity to cover most, if not all, accommodation costs for those traveling from outside of Adelaide (3 nights; depending upon need). We would therefore like to reiterate that all university students (undergraduates to postdocs) from Australia, New Zealand, the South Pacific, and Southeast Asia are welcome to attend. We encourage attendees to give an oral presentation (15 minutes) or to present a poster about their current (or planned) work on marine mammals. Participants wishing to present must submit an abstract (max. 300 words) by Friday October 21st. Please send an email as soon as possible to anzscsmm(a)gmail.com<mailto:anzscsmm@gmail.com> with the subject 'ANZSCSMM Abstract', along with your presentation preference, abstract, name, affiliation, the state/country you'll be traveling from, any dietary requirements, and a request for accommodation (if applicable). If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact us! We will be sending out a schedule and an abstract book two weeks prior to the conference. We look forward to meeting you all, ANZ Student Chapter Heads ___________________________________________________________________________ Kate Indeck The Cetacean Ecology and Acoustics Laboratory, University of Queensland Cecilia Passadore Cetacean Ecology, Behaviour and Evolution Laboratory, Flinders University Jessica Patiño Pérez Ecology, Behaviour and Conservation Group, Massey University Katherine Indeck PhD Candidate Cetacean Ecology and Acoustics Laboratory School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland Gatton Campus QLD 4343, Australia Phone: (07) 5460 1877 Mob: 0413 933 922 Email: k.indeck(a)uq.edu.au<mailto:k.indeck@uq.edu.au> CEAL website: https://ceal.lab.uq.edu.au/

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NOAA Marine Debris Program Research Grants, deadline 12/19 (U.S. only)
by Jonathan Shannon - NOAA Federal 06 Oct '16

06 Oct '16

Good afternoon MarMam, T he NOAA Marine Debris Program is soliciting project proposals from U.S.-based organizations to conduct marine debris research activities in U.S. waters through Grants.gov <http://www.grants.gov/web/grants/view-opportunity.html?oppId=289016>. The deadline for submission is December 19, 2016. Projects awarded through this grant competition may address one or more of the the following research priorities: - exploring the ecological risks associated with marine debris - determining debris exposure levels - examining the fate and transport of marine debris in nearshore, coastal environments Through this solicitation NOAA aims to advance the state of marine debris science by funding original, hypothesis-driven research projects to enhance resource management objectives and contribute to the overall understanding of the impacts marine debris can have. Typical awards will range from $150,000 to $250,000. Funding for this purpose comes through the NOAA Marine Debris Program. This opportunity is open to U.S. based organizations only. The due date for proposals is December 19, 2016. To learn more about this funding opportunity, please see the opportunity posting on Grants.gov <http://www.grants.gov/web/grants/view-opportunity.html?oppId=289016> . If you have any questions, contact Amy.Uhrin(a)noaa.gov Thank you, Jonathan Shannon *Outreach Specialist* NOAA Fisheries Office of Protected Resources U.S. Department of Commerce Office: 301-427-8431 jonathan.shannon(a)noaa.gov *Webhttp://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/pr/ <http://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/pr/>Facebookwww.facebook.com/noaafisheries <http://www.facebook.com/noaafisheries>Twitterwww.twitter.com/noaafisherie <http://www.twitter.com/noaafisheries>sYouTubewww.youtube.com/usnoaafisheriesgov <http://www.youtube.com/usnoaafisheriesgov> The views expressed in this message are my own and do not necessarily reflect any position of NOAA, the Department of Commerce, or the government of the United States.*

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