November 2012 - MARMAM - devlists.uvic.ca

New contribution (Chapter): Assessing Biomagnification in Galapagos sea lions
by Juan Alava 08 Nov '12

08 Nov '12

Dear colleagues, Please, find below a new contribution on Biomagnification and Trophic Transport of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Food Chain of the Galapagos Sea Lion (Zalophus wollebaeki): Conservation and Management Implications, published in the new book "New Approaches to the Study of Marine Mammals" Alava, J.J. and Gobas F. A.P.C.(2012). Assessing Biomagnification and Trophic Transport of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Food Chain of the Galapagos Sea Lion (Zalophus wollebaeki): Conservation and Management Implications, New Approaches to the Study of Marine Mammals, A. Romero and E. O. Keith (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0844-3, InTech, Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/new-approaches-to-the-study-of-marine-mamma… This is a free access publication and can be downloaded from the following link: http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/assessing-biomagnification-an… <a href="http://www.intechopen.com/books/new-approaches-to-the-study-of-marine-mamma…" title="Assessing Biomagnification and Trophic Transport of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Food Chain of the Galapagos Sea Lion (Zalophus wollebaeki): Conservation and Management Implications">Assessing Biomagnification and Trophic Transport of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Food Chain of the Galapagos Sea Lion (Zalophus wollebaeki): Conservation and Management Implications</a> Cheers Juan Jose Alava --------------------------------------------------------------------- Juan Jose Alava, PhD Sessional Instructor Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science School of Resource and Environmental Management, Faculty of Environment Simon Fraser UniversityOffice 8420; 8888 University Drive Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, CANADA Office Phone: (778) 782-7375 Fax: (778)782-4968 E-mail: jalavasa(a)sfu.ca http://www.intechopen.com/profiles/53467/Juan%20Jose-Alava

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Raven Pro 1.5 alpha software available, marking the 10th anniversary of Raven
by Tim Krein 08 Nov '12

08 Nov '12

The Bioacoustics Research Program at Cornell University has made the first alpha build of Raven Pro 1.5 available on our web site, http://RavenSoundSoftware.com. Raven was created to help scientists acquire, visualize, measure, and analyze sounds. The availability of version 1.5 comes at the 10th anniversary of the first beta release of Raven 1.0. Version 1.5 is the 9th version of Raven to be released and includes a gridded selection review and annotation tool that should be useful for rapid review and human classification of selections created by detectors or manual human browsing. It also includes support for real clock times in the time axis, new playback features, and the ability to compare selection tables to assess detector performance. Available in an upcoming build is an auto-save feature in the selection table. One-time 30-day trial licenses of Raven Pro 1.4, which can be used with version 1.5, are available by writing to raven_orders(a)cornell.edu. For more information on the software, including a history of the product since its first beta release on October 31, 2002, please visit our web site, http://RavenSoundSoftware.com. We hope that users on this listserve will take advantage of this opportunity to try out the new version of the software. Regards, Tim Krein Raven Sound Software Development Bioacoustics Research Program Cornell University

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Fwd: Whale bones in archaeological sites
by Peter Wilson 08 Nov '12

08 Nov '12

Hi folks, A broad request here: I'm currently trying to get an idea of the distribution and frequency of cetacean remains in archaeological sites in Britain and Ireland, dating to any time before 1500AD. Essentially, from looking around I have gathered that in looking at the well known stuff - such as Flixborough - I am only scratching the surface. If anyone can think of any sources that even refer to as little as a single chunk of cetacean bone in a site from Britain or Ireland - or know of any relevant unpublished finds - I would be extremely grateful for the information. I am gathering this information as a preliminary study for what will hopefully become a PhD thesis. Thanks, and apologies for cross-posting, Peter

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Marine Mammal Institute - Two Faculty Positions (Assistant or Associate Professor)
by Minta, Kathy 08 Nov '12

08 Nov '12

Two Faculty Positions (Assistant or Associate Professor) CETACEAN ECOLOGIST (Telemetry) and MARINE MAMMAL BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGIST/SEA GRANT EXTENSION SPECIALIST The Oregon State University Marine Mammal Institute (http://mmi.oregonstate.edu/) seeks two full-time faculty positions: CETACEAN ECOLOGIST (Posting #0009881): We seek an individual with demonstrated potential to develop a strong research program in whale telemetry and to provide continuity with the existing research group. MARINE MAMMAL BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGIST/SEA GRANT EXTENSION SPECIALIST (Posting #0009875): We seek an individual with potential to develop a strong research program in the behavioral ecology of marine mammals, as well as strong skills in engaging stakeholders and the public on management issues. Both positions are 12 month (1.0 FTE), with 0.5 FTE supported by recurring funds (tenurable) and 0.5 FTE provided through grants and contracts secured by the successful candidate. The positions will be based at the Hatfield Marine Science Center in Newport, Oregon. The position ranks (Assistant or Associate Professor) and salaries will be commensurate with experience. Minimum qualifications include a PhD or equivalent advanced degree in a biological discipline, research experience with marine mammals and a strong record of peer-reviewed and refereed publications. Go to the links below to access the full position announcement and to submit an application: CETACEAN ECOLOGIST (Telemetry) - Posting 0009881 https://jobs.oregonstate.edu/applicants/Central?quickFind=61298 MARINE MAMMAL BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGIST/SEA GRANT EXTENSION SPECIALIST - Posting 0009875 https://jobs.oregonstate.edu/applicants/Central?quickFind=61291 If these links do not work for you go to http://oregonstate.edu/jobs and search for postings 0009881 or 0009875. To ensure full consideration, complete applications should be received by 15 December, 2012; applications will be accepted until 5 January 2013. Oregon State University is an Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer

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2013 Annual Meeting of the UK Regional Student Chapter of the Society for Marine Mammalogy: SAMS, 28-29 January 2013
by UK Regional Student Chapter for the Society of Marine Mammals 08 Nov '12

08 Nov '12

Dear all. We would like to announce that the annual meeting of the UK Regional Student Chapter of the Society for Marine Mammalogy will be held at the Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Oban from the 28-29 January 2013. An Icebreaker will be held on the evening of the 27th of January. We encourage all students registered in Universities across the UK and Ireland that are interested in marine mammal research to attend. The atmosphere of the conference is relatively informal, giving students a platform to discuss their research with other students. Postgraduate students are invited to submit abstracts for oral presentations and posters. For planning purposes, we have divided presentations into 5-minute speedtalk and 15 minute slots. We encourage new postgraduate students to talk about their future research plans using the 5-minute slots and for those further along in their studies to present for 15 minutes. Undergraduates with an interest in the field are also welcome to attend. The talks traditionally vary in content: from talks by new students discussing their future plans or the basis of their project, to students whose Ph.D’s are near completion. Our guest speakers include Dr David Lusseau (MASTS Senior Lecturer in Marine Top Predator Biology, University of Aberdeen) and Lindesay Scott-Hayward (Research fellow at The Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling). Dr Ben Wilson, Dr Steven Benjamins and Miss Marie Porter will hold an interdisciplinary workshop based on the facilities and expertise available at SAMS. The final deadline for presentation abstracts (max 300 words) will be the 5th of January 2013. There is no registration fee and you don’t need to be an existing member of the Chapter. You can register for the Chapter at the same time as registering for the conference. Registration forms can be downloaded from our website. Please visit our website for updates http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~ukrscgrp/ or visit our facebook page UKrsc - the Society of Marine Mammalogy <http://www.facebook.com/UKRSC#>. Please submit your registration form by e-mail attachment to ukrsc(a)st-andrews.ac.uk by 5th January 2013. If you have any further questions regarding the meeting, please don't hesitate to get in touch. Hope to see you all in Oban in January, With best wishes, The committee of the UK Regional Student Chapter for the Society for Marine Mammalogy This year meeting will be kindly sponsored by Chelonia Limited, http://www.chelonia.co.uk/

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New Manatee Publication - Open Access
by Caryn Self-Sullivan 08 Nov '12

08 Nov '12

For those of you interested in manatees and disease, this new publication documents 4 cases of Toxoplasmosis in manatees in Puerto Rico. A link to the full article is included in the citation, below. Toxoplasmosis is common in the domestic cat (which is the definitive host forToxoplasma gondii, a parasitic protozoa ), but is a rare disease in manatees. Only 2 previously reported cases are referenced in the paper; they include a manatee calf in Florida an adult manatee in Guyana. Excerpt from the paper: "The mechanism of Toxoplasma gondii infection in manatees is intriguing because manatees are exclusively herbivorous, feeding on aquatic plants. Thus, ingestion of T. gondii infected meat or animal tissue is unlikely. As in sea otters, land-based surface runoff may be a significant risk factor for T. gondii infection in Puerto Rican manatees with oocysts washing into freshwater streams and coastal waters via effluents contaminated by cat excrement." NOTE: if you are involved with manatee or dugong research, education, or conservation, you might want to register with Sirenian International (http://sirenian.org) and subscribe to the Sirenian Listserv: http://www.lsoft.com/scripts/wl.exe?SL1=SIRENIAN&H=LISTSERV.TAMU.EDU > Bossart, G.D., A.A. Mignucci-Giannoni, A.L. Rivera-Guzman, N.M. Jimenez-Marrero, A. Camus, R.K. Bonde, J.P. Dubey and J.S. Reif. 2012. Disseminated toxoplasmosis in Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) from Puerto Rico. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 101:139-144. Available online via Open Access: http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/dao/v101/n2/p139-144/ > > ABSTRACT > Necropsies were conducted on 4 Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus that were stranded in single events on the coastal beaches of Puerto Rico from August 2010 to August 2011. Three manatees were emaciated and the gastrointestinal tracts were devoid of digesta. Microscopically, all manatees had severe widespread inflammatory lesions of the gastro-intestinal tract and heart with intralesional tachyzoites consistent with Toxoplasma gondii identified by histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical techniques. The gastrointestinal lesions included severe, multifocal to diffuse, chronic-active enteritis, colitis and/or gastritis often with associated ulceration, necrosis and hemorrhage. Enteric leiomyositis was severe and locally extensive in all cases and associated with the most frequently observed intralesional protozoans. Moderate to severe, multifocal, chronic to chronic-active, necrotizing myocarditis was also present in all cases. Additionally, less consistent inflammatory lesions occurred in the liver, lung and a mesenteric lymph node and were associated with fewer tachyzoites. Sera (n = 30) collected from free-ranging and captive Puerto Rican manatees and a rehabilitated/released Puerto Rican manatee from 2003 to 2012 were tested for antibodies for T. gondii. A positive T. gondii antibody titer was found in 2004 in 1 (3%) of the free-ranging cases tested. Disease caused by T. gondii is rare in manatees. This is the first report of toxoplasmosis in Antillean manatees from Puerto Rico. Additionally, these are the first reported cases of disseminated toxoplasmosis in any sirenian. The documentation of 4 cases of toxoplasmosis within one year and the extremely low seroprevalence to T. gondii suggest that toxoplasmosis may be an emerging disease in Antillean manatees from Puerto Rico. > > KEY WORDS: Toxoplasma gondii · Sirenian · Gastroenteritis · Enterocolitis · Myocarditis ·Emerging disease > Caryn Self-Sullivan, Ph.D. Adjunct Faculty, Nova Southeastern University NSU Email: cs1733(a)nova.edu http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ http://www.fischlerschool.nova.edu/ The Positive Quarter LLC: Animal Behavior & Wildlife Conservation Mailing Address: 200 Stonewall Drive, Fredericksburg, VA 22401-2110 Mobile: 540.287.8207 | Fax: 888.371.4998

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Sea Watch Foundation - Voluntary Education and Awareness Assistant opportunity in Cardigan Bay for the 2013 summer season
by Danielle Gibas 08 Nov '12

08 Nov '12

The Sea Watch Foundation (www.seawatchfoundation.org.uk) is seeking an education and awareness assistant for the 2013 season. This position will suit a volunteer who has a strong interest in marine conservation and recognises the importance of educating and raising awareness by involving the public. The assistant will be responsible in aiding the Sightings Officer with the following duties: Promoting and organising the National Whale and Dolphin Watch 2012 event (27thJuly to 4th August) Participating in presentations and creating activities to take to local schools Researching and writing articles Creating educational/promotional materials (posters, displays, flyers) Assisting in the organisation of training courses Social networking (Facebook, Twitter, website) Raising Sea Watch Foundation profile within the New Quay community (organising events, manning the Sea Watch stand on the pier at weekends etc.) Representing Sea Watch at public events around the UK (boat shows etc.) Liaising with the Adopt a Dolphin Coordinator for the promotion of Sea Watch Foundation and Adopt a Dolphin The education and awareness assistant will be based in the New Quay, West Wales and will also have the opportunity to be involved in the field work aspects of the Cardigan Bay Monitoring Project (land-based and boat-based surveys). The project manages the conservation of a resident population of bottlenose dolphins, the largest in the UK. Monitoring of harbour porpoise and grey seal populations is also part of the project. The field season will run from April to October 2013 and has been split into one period of 6 weeks followed by three periods of 7 weeks. One assistant is required for each period however preference will be given to those who can stay for more than one period, including the whole seven month field season. The assistant will be based in New Quay, West Wales. Accommodation is provided at a rate of approximately £55/week in a house sharing with the research interns. The assistant is responsible for their own travel and living expenses, but it is generally quite easy to obtain part-time paid work in the area if required. Intern periods for summer 2013: Period 1 15/04 26/05, Period 2 27/05 14/7, Period 3 15/07 01/09, Period 4 02/09 20/10 Important skills/qualifications Essential: a strong interest in marine conservation and education confidence to interact with the public good verbal and writing skills must have initiative and bring their own ideas and personality to the position strong commitment to volunteering work an ability to work in an organised and reliable manner and to manage a variable workload an ability to get on well with others in a small team and shared accommodation Desirable: a background in marine biology/environmental science or similar a strong interest and knowledge of British cetaceans good IT skills (Office package) prior experience in public speaking prior experience in boat-based survey work willingness to work long hours outdoors in often very changeable Welsh weather To apply: Please send your CV, covering letter reporting any relevant experience you have and specifying the period(s) you would prefer to volunteer for and contact details of two referees, to Danielle Gibas (danielle.gibas(a)seawatchfoundation.org.uk) Deadline: 31st of January 2013. Please specify EDUCATION ASSISTANT APPLICATION into your subject title. Applicants will be notified of the outcomes by the 24th of February 2013. The Sea Watch Foundation The Sea Watch Foundation is a registered marine environmental research charity that aims to achieve better conservation of whales and dolphins in the seas around Britain and Ireland, by involving the public in scientific monitoring of populations and the threats they face. At Sea Watch Wales, we are dedicated to raising awareness, knowledge and conservation of the marine wildlife of West Wales. Our work is funded by the Countryside Council for Wales, Defra, Joint Nature Conservation Committee and the Heritage Lottery Fund, and we work closely with the local management authority, Ceredigion County Coun Danielle Gibas Sightings Officer See them Report them Save them Sea Watch Foundation Paragon House Wellington Place New Quay Ceredigion SA45 9NR Tel: 01545 561226 www.seawatchfoundation.org.uk

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RESEARCH ASSISTANT/INTERN COORDINATOR IN CARDIGAN BAY 2013
by Danielle Gibas 08 Nov '12

08 Nov '12

The Sea Watch Foundation, a non-profit organization dedicated to marine research, conservation, and public education is seeking applications for the following: RESEARCH ASSISTANT/INTERN COORDINATOR IN CARDIGAN BAY 2013 This position is responsible for assisting the Monitoring Officer in the running of the “Cardigan Bay Monitoring Project” and coordinating the project interns. The project is based in New Quay, West Wales, and takes care of the conservation management of the bottlenose dolphin, harbour porpoise and grey seal populations of Cardigan Bay, monitoring their abundance, distribution, reproductive success and population structure using a combination of line-transect, photo-identification, land-based and acoustic surveys. Start Date: April 8th 2013 End Date: October 27th 2013 Responsibilities will include but are not limited to:  Coordinate between the Monitoring Officer/Sightings Officer and the project interns – in charge of the intern shared house and the intern weekly office rota.  Assisting the Monitoring Officer/Sightings Officer in intern basic training of land- and boat based surveys, photo ID studies, Database entry and more.  Assisting the Monitoring Officer in all phases of the research.  Undertaking a personal research project supervised by the Monitoring Officer – research topic will be chosen according to Sea Watch Foundation requirements and applicants’ interests. Requirements: The successful applicant is expected to have a BSc degree (or higher) in biology, marine biology, zoology, chemistry, or related field and able to demonstrate previous experience in marine mammal research. A strong interest and knowledge of British cetaceans and boating experience are beneficial. The applicant must be proficient with database and word processing software and be willing to learn new software applications. Specific experience in Access and/or GIS would be advantageous. The preferred candidate should have a proven track record as a team player as the project will involve working closely with other researchers but also must be able to supervise small groups of people as they will be coordinating at least 6 interns. They must also be self-motivated with the drive and determination to work independently and responsibly. This post brings the opportunity to submit work for scientific publication. This position is unpaid but accommodation expenses will be covered. To apply: Please send your CV, a cover letter and contact details of two references reporting any relevant experience you have to Daphna Feingold – daphna.feingold(a)seawatchfoundation.org.uk Deadline: 31st January 2013. Please specify RESEARCH ASSISTANT/INTERN COORDINATOR into your subject title. Applicants will be notified of the outcomes by the 24th February 2013. The Sea Watch Foundation The Sea Watch Foundation is a registered marine environmental research charity that aims to achieve better conservation of whales and dolphins in the seas around Britain and Ireland, by involving the public in scientific monitoring of populations and the threats they face. At Sea Watch Wales, we are dedicated to raising awareness, knowledge and conservation of the marine wildlife of West Wales. Our work is funded by the Countryside Council for Wales, Defra, Joint Nature Conservation Committee and the Heritage Lottery Fund, and we work closely with the local management authority, Ceredigion County Council. Research The purpose of our research here is to monitor the marine mammal populations inhabiting Cardigan Bay, so as to gain information to aid the conservation and long-term well being of these animals and the local marine environment. This is achieved by conducting various projects including:  Estimating the abundance and distribution of bottlenose dolphins, harbour porpoises and grey seals within Cardigan Bay using distance sampling and opportunistic boat surveys  Maintaining and updating a catalogue of photographically identified bottlenose dolphins in Wales in order to study their abundance, social structure, movements and life histories.  Acoustic monitoring of bottlenose dolphins and harbour porpoises in the Cardigan Bay SAC using automated click detectors (T-PODs) and hydrophones.  Setting up a library of underwater sounds in Welsh waters in order to develop bio-acoustic research in the area. We further aim to raise awareness and understanding of the importance of the local marine wildlife and the habitats supporting them, to encourage respect and conservation of the area and its wildlife for future generations. We also run training courses for the public in cetacean identification and survey methods. Danielle Gibas Sightings Officer See them… Report them… Save them… Sea Watch Foundation Paragon House Wellington Place New Quay Ceredigion SA45 9NR Tel: 01545 561226 www.seawatchfoundation.org.uk

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Sea Watch Foundation – Research Intern Opportunity in Cardigan Bay for 2013
by Danielle Gibas 08 Nov '12

08 Nov '12

Sea Watch Foundation – Research Intern Opportunity in Cardigan Bay for 2013 Interns are invited to assist the Sea Watch Foundation (www.seawatchfoundation.org.uk) with the running of the “Cardigan Bay Monitoring Project”. The project is based in New Quay, West Wales, and takes care of the conservation management of the bottlenose dolphin, harbour porpoise and grey seal populations of Cardigan Bay, monitoring their abundance, distribution, reproductive success and population structure using a combination of line-transect, photo-identification, land-based and acoustic surveys. Interns will help the Cardigan Bay Monitoring Officer and the Sightings Officer by taking part in the following tasks:  Land-based surveys  Boat-based surveys  Photo-identification studies  Database entry  Awareness raising  Education initiatives  Acoustic monitoring  Assist with and participate in training courses and public talks. Interns are required from April until October 2013 split into 4 separate periods of 7 weeks each (the first period will consist of 6 weeks). Preference will be given to those who can stay for more than one period, including the whole 6-months field season. Interns will be based in New Quay, West Wales. Accommodation is provided at a rate of around £55/week. Interns are responsible for their own travel, accommodation and living expenses, but it is generally quite easy to obtain part-time paid work in the area if required. Intern periods for summer 2013: Period 1 15/04 – 26/05, Period 2 27/05 – 14/7, Period 3 15/07 – 01/09, Period 4 02/09 – 20/10 Important skills/qualifications Essential:  an ability to work in a meticulous and reliable manner  strong commitment to volunteering work  willingness to work long hours outdoors in often very changeable Welsh weather  good IT skills (Office package)  an ability to get on well with others in a small team and shared accommodation Desirable:  a background in marine biology/environmental science or similar  a strong interest and knowledge of British cetaceans  prior experience in boat-based survey work  good verbal and written communication skills and in public speaking  experience in interacting with the public All interns will be trained in cetacean observation and identification, in line-transect survey protocols and photo-identification of bottlenose dolphins and grey seals. To apply: Please send your CV, covering letter and contact details of two references, reporting any relevant experience you have and specifying the period(s) you would prefer to volunteer for to Daphna Feingold – daphna.feingold(a)seawatchfoundation.org.uk Deadline: 31st January 2013. Please specify NEW QUAY INTERN APPLICATION into your subject title. Applicants will be notified of the outcomes by the 24th February 2013. The Sea Watch Foundation The Sea Watch Foundation is a registered marine environmental research charity that aims to achieve better conservation of whales and dolphins in the seas around Britain and Ireland, by involving the public in scientific monitoring of populations and the threats they face. At Sea Watch Wales, we are dedicated to raising awareness, knowledge and conservation of the marine wildlife of West Wales. Our work is funded by the Countryside Council for Wales, Defra, Joint Nature Conservation Committee and the Heritage Lottery Fund, and we work closely with the local management authority, Ceredigion County Council. Research The purpose of our research here is to monitor the marine mammal populations inhabiting Cardigan Bay, so as to gain information to aid the conservation and long-term well being of these animals and the local marine environment. This is achieved by conducting various projects including:  Estimating the abundance and distribution of bottlenose dolphins, harbour porpoises and grey seals within Cardigan Bay using distance sampling and opportunistic boat surveys  Maintaining and updating a catalogue of photographically identified bottlenose dolphins in Wales in order to study their abundance, social structure, movements and life histories.  Acoustic monitoring of bottlenose dolphins and harbour porpoises in the Cardigan Bay SAC using automated click detectors (T-PODs and C-PODS) and hydrophones.  Setting up a library of underwater sounds in Welsh waters in order to develop bio-acoustic research in the area. We further aim to raise awareness and understanding of the importance of the local marine wildlife and the habitats supporting them, to encourage respect and conservation of the area and its wildlife for future generations. We also run training courses for the public in cetacean identification and survey methods. Danielle Gibas Sightings Officer See them… Report them… Save them… Sea Watch Foundation Paragon House Wellington Place New Quay Ceredigion SA45 9NR Tel: 01545 561226 www.seawatchfoundation.org.uk

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Spade-toothed beaked whale paper - Current Biology
by Rochelle Constantine 07 Nov '12

07 Nov '12

Hi all We have recently published a paper on the spade-toothed beaked whale which might be of interest to the marine mammal community. It is a collaborative effort on behalf of all authors, the New Zealand Department of Conservation staff who collect samples from stranded cetaceans reported by the public and local Maori. Thompson K., Baker C.S., van Helden A., Patel S., Millar C. & Constantine R. 2012. The worlds rarest whale. Current Biology 22(21):R905-906 The vast expanses of the South Pacific Ocean have, until recently, concealed the identity of the world’s rarest whale, the spade-toothed beaked whale (Mesoplodon traversii). Based on the scarcity of records and the total absence of previous sightings, this species is the least known species of whale and one of the world’s rarest living mammals. Two individuals of this species, previously known from only two skull fragments and a mandible, were recently discovered beachcast in New Zealand. Although initially misidentified, we have used DNA analysis to reveal their true identity. We provide the first morphological description and images of this enigmatic species. This study highlights the importance of DNA typing and reference collections for the identification of rare species. If you cannot access this paper online please contact me and I will be happy to forward you a copy. r.constantine(a)auckland.ac.nz<mailto:r.constantine@auckland.ac.nz> Thanks Rochelle (on behalf of the co-authors) Rochelle Constantine PhD School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand

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