September 2011 - MARMAM - devlists.uvic.ca

PhD: Harbour porpoise habitat preferences and distribution
by Cormac Booth 07 Sep '11

07 Sep '11

Dear MARMAMers, Last year, the following PhD thesis was completed investigating harbour porpoises habitat preferences and distribution using six years of visual and acoustic line-transect survey data west of Scotland. Habitat preferences and distribution were assessed at a range of temporal and spatial scales. In addition the PhD looks at the prevalence and received levels of Airmar seal scarers deployed and the potential for these sounds to impact porpoises via cumulative exposures. It is now publicly available for download from: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/handle/10023/1701 Thesis citation: Booth, 2010. Variation in habitat preference and distribution of harbour porpoises west of Scotland. PhD Thesis. Scottish Oceans Institute. University of St Andrews. pp264. Abstract: “The waters off the west coast of Scotland have one of the highest densities of harbour porpoise (*Phocoena phocoena*) in Europe. Harbour porpoise are listed under Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive, requiring the designation of Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) for the species’ protection and conservation. The main aim of this thesis is to identify habitat preferences for harbour porpoise, and key regions that embody these preferences, which could therefore be suitable as SACs; and to determine how harbour porpoise use these regions over time and space. Designed visual and acoustic line-transect surveys were conducted between 2003 and 2008. GAMs with Generalised Estimating Equations (GEEs) were used to determine relationships between the relative density of harbour porpoise and temporally and spatially variable oceanographic covariates. Predictive models showed that depth, slope, distance to land and spring tidal range were all important in explaining porpoise distribution. There were also significant temporal variations in habitat use. However, whilst some variation was observed among years and months, consistent preferences for water depths between 50 and 150 m and highly sloped regions were observed across the temporal models. Predicted surfaces revealed a consistent inshore distribution for the species throughout the west coast of Scotland. Regional models revealed similar habitat preferences to the full-extent models, and indicated that the Small Isles and Sound of Jura were the most consistently important regions for harbour porpoise, and that given this consistency; these regions could be suitable as SACs. The received levels and impacts of Airmar seal scarers on distribution and habitat use of porpoises were also investigated, and there were indications that these devices have the potential to displace harbour porpoise and that the potential for auditory injury should be considered in response to cumulative exposures. These results can be considered in the assessment of sites for SAC designation, and in implementing appropriate conservation measures for harbour porpoise.” Please contact me on cgb8(a)st-andrews.ac.uk if you have any questions or would like to discuss the work in more detail. Best regards, Cormac Booth

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New paper on optimal foraging in blue whales
by Doniol-Valcroze, Thomas 06 Sep '11

06 Sep '11

Dear MARMAM members, We are pleased to announce that the following paper has been published in Behavioral Ecology: Doniol-Valcroze T., Lesage V., Giard J. & Michaud R. (2011) Optimal foraging theory predicts diving and feeding strategies of the largest marine predator. Behavioral Ecology 22(4): 880-888. Abstract: Accurate predictions of predator behavior remain elusive in natural settings. Optimal foraging theory predicts that breath-hold divers should adjust time allocation within their dives to the distance separating prey from the surface. Quantitative tests of these models have been hampered by the difficulty of documenting underwater feeding behavior and the lack of systems, experimental or natural, in which prey depth varies over a large range. We tested these predictions on blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus), which track the diel vertical migration of their prey. A model using simple allometric arguments successfully predicted diving behavior measured with data loggers. Foraging times within each dive increased to compensate longer transit times and optimize resource acquisition. Shallow dives were short and yielded the highest feeding rates, explaining why feeding activity was more intense at night. An optimal framework thus provides powerful tools to predict the behavior of free-ranging marine predators and inform conservation studies. Key words: aerobic dive limit; blue whale; central-place forager; dive-time budget; feeding behavior; optimal foraging. Links to the full text versions are available here: http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/content/22/4/880.abstract Questions and requests for PDF copies can be addressed to: thomas.doniol-valcroze(a)dfo-mpo.gc.ca Best regards, Thomas Doniol-Valcroze Biologist, Marine mammal section Fisheries and Oceans Canada Maurice-Lamontagne Institute 850, route de la mer Mont-Joli, QC, Canada G5H 3Z4 Telephone 418-775-0666 Facsimile 418-775-0740

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Underwater Sound and Marine Life questionnaire
by Ross Compton 05 Sep '11

05 Sep '11

Dear all, Respondents are sought for the completion of a questionnaire relating to Underwater Sound and Marine Life. It is intended to seek opinions relating to the scientific basis of guidelines for the mitigation of underwater sound, as well as issues relating to current practice. The questionnaire can be accessed via the following link; https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/7W288R3 Many thanks for your time. Kind regards, Ross Ross Compton University of Plymouth ross.compton(a)plymouth.ac.uk

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MARMAM advertisment - Common dolphin Photo-ID Volunteer Position in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand
by Rankmore, Krista 04 Sep '11

04 Sep '11

Common dolphin Photo-ID Internship Position in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand Positions are open for volunteers to assist with common dolphin research in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. PROJECT BACKGROUND: The Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand, is an important habitat for common dolphins (Delphinus sp.). that are present in the Gulf all year and use the region extensively for foraging, and as a calving and nursery ground. Common dolphins have been found to consistently inhabit coastal waters making them vulnerable to the impacts of pollution, tourist interactions, recreational use and adjacent urban population growth. The aim of this project is to investigate the abundance, site fidelity and social structure of common dolphins in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. DATES: September 2011 – April 2012 LOCATION: Auckland, New Zealand FIELDWORK: The volunteer position entails assisting during field surveys and analysis of common dolphin fin photo identification. The successful applicant will gain valuable experience in conducting marine mammal field research, identifying individual common dolphins based on dorsal fin characteristics, and the use of MS Access databases for archiving field data. Field work is physically and at times mentally demanding but it is a great opportunity to gain knowledge in visual cetacean surveying, to get hands-on field experience in relation to survey techniques, photo-identification, behavioural observations, and improve practical skills (data analysis, photo-ID). Due to the training required, applicants should be available for a minimum of 2 months, however all applicants will be considered. The placements commence in September 2011. Fieldwork is weather dependent and can vary between weekdays and weekends. Assistants need to be available full-time including weekends and be prepared to work long hours with early starts. RESPONSIBILITIES: . Photo-identification of dolphins in the lab, including photo sorting, grading, and matching, sighting data entry, assist in maintenance of long-term photo-id catalogue using the MS Access database FinBase. Research assistants should be prepared to work long days in the office analysing of photographs and matching them with the photo-identification catalogue (75% of the time). . Assisting with boat-based photo-identification surveys of common dolphins from a local dolphin watching vessel, collecting environmental, location, and behavioural data for dolphin groups (25% of the time). This is a volunteer position, so there is unfortunately no monetary compensation or living provisions. The successful candidate should arrange their own accommodation in Auckland, living expenses, travel costs and visa. PREREQUISITES: . Be reliable, adaptable, hardworking and patient as fieldwork is highly weather dependent. This means office based work during bad weather and long consecutive days in the field when weather permits. . Have a mature attitude towards marine mammal research . Speak fluent English . Be sociable, enthusiastic and have a positive attitude . Strong interest in the marine environment and conservation QUALIFICATIONS: . Minimum of 18 years of age. The project is well suited to upper level undergrads, recent grads and graduate students who have some background in Biology, Marine Biology, Ecology, Zoology or related fields . Basic computer proficiency in MS Office (especially Excel and Access) . Field research including photo-identification experience is preferred but not required . Previous experience in survey techniques and especially in marine mammal research is preferred but not required . Participants must be able to swim and should be comfortable working on boats . First AID/CPR certification preferred but not required APPLICATION PROCESS: Applicants should send a short email to k.rankmore(a)massey.ac.nz, using photo-id position” as the subject line. The email should include an outline of why you would like to work on this project, your qualifications and relevant experience. Please also attach a brief CV including at least one reference acknowledging your relevant experience. Early application is recommended as applications will be examined in order of reception. All the best, Krista

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New paper on Mediterranean sperm whale habitat preference
by pirotts＠libero.it 02 Sep '11

02 Sep '11

Dear MARMAM members, We are pleased to announce that the following paper has been published on Marine Ecology Progress Series: Pirotta, E., Matthiopoulos, J., MacKenzie, M., Scott-Hayward, L., Rendell, L. 2011. Modelling sperm whale habitat preference: a novel approach combining transect and follow data. Marine Ecology Progress Series 436: 257-272. ABSTRACT: Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus habitat preferences are still poorly understood in the Mediterranean, despite the population being classified as ‘Endangered’ by the IUCN. Techniques to make the best use of multiple data sources are important in improving this situation. This work provides a detailed evaluation of sperm whale distribution and habitat use around the Balearic Islands using a novel analytical framework that combines transect and follow data while accounting for any autocorrelation present. During dedicated research cruises (2003 to 2008), sperm whales were located by listening at regular intervals along a search track and subsequently followed acoustically. Sperm whales were encountered 56 times and followed for periods ranging from a few hours to 3 d. Logistic Generalized Additive Models were used to model the probability of whale presence across the study area as a function of environmental variables, and Generalized Estimating Equations were used to account for autocorrelation. The results suggest that sperm whales do not use the region uniformly and that topography plays a key role in shaping their distribution. Moreover, solitary individuals were found to use the habitat differently from groups. This segregation appeared to be driven by water temperature and might reflect different needs or intraspecific competition. By shedding light on sperm whale habitat preference in such a critical area, this study represents an important step towards the implementation of conservation measures for this population. KEY WORDS: Habitat modelling · Cetacean · Distribution · Balearic Islands · GAM · GEE · Multi-scale A PDF copy of the work can be downloaded from: http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v436/p257-272/ Please do not hesitate to contact me for any question regarding our work. Best Regards,Enrico Pirotta

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SEEKING FIELD ASSISTANTS FOR RESEARCH ON HAWAIIAN SPINNER DOLPHINS
by Julian Tyne 02 Sep '11

02 Sep '11

PROJECT SUMMARY I am seeking experienced research assistants to join the existing team for my PhD field work that aims to a) quantify possible effects of human interactions on spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris) in resting bays in Hawaii and b) assess the effectiveness of time-area closures as a proposed mitigation tool. This is the first stage of a long-term project on spinner dolphins along the west coast of the Island of Hawaii by Murdoch University, Western Australia (http://mucru.org/ <http://mucru.org/)> ) and Duke University, North Carolina (http://nicholas.duke.edu/marinelab/ <http://nicholas.duke.edu/marinelab/> ). The project aims to collect baseline data on the local abundance, distribution and behaviour of spinner dolphins using a suite of modern visual and acoustic techniques in five spinner dolphin resting bays in Hawaii. These data will be used to determine residency and fidelity patterns and investigate the possible effects of human interactions on the spinner dolphins and to assess the effectiveness of time-area closures as a mitigation approach. This will assist in determining the long-term viability of the spinner dolphin population and the sustainability and management of the human interactions within the resting bays. FIELD WORK Boat based photo-identification surveys will be conducted in each of four resting bays off the west coast of the Big Island of Hawaii and at another control site, possibly off the island of Molokai, to evaluate abundance of spinner dolphins, in addition, group focal follows will be carried out on spinner dolphins both inside and outside the four resting bays. Where possible, the movements and behaviour of spinner dolphins and boats will be studied from local cliff tops overlooking spinner dolphin resting bays using a digital theodolite. Theodolite data will be used to derive time series of information on activity state, path sinuosity, speed, and synchronicity of schools. Bottom-mounted acoustic recorders will be deployed in two of the resting bays that will also be subject to photo-identification- and theodolite studies described above. Initially, acoustic survey periods will be continuous (no duty cycle) and will coincide with daily visual observations in order to link acoustic detections with the distribution and behaviour of dolphins. Field work will be physically and at times mentally demanding but you will have the opportunity to observe and gain hands-on experience and improve existing skills in relation to theodolite survey techniques, photo-identification, and behavioural observations. This experience will be most useful to students or anyone hoping to pursue a career in behavioural ecology or population biology. Research assistants I am seeking skilled research assistants to commence in Sept / Oct 2011. Assistants will help collect information on spinner dolphin abundance, distribution and behaviour off the west coast of the Island of Hawaii. The field season will last until Jan 15th 2012. Because of the training required, applicants must be willing to commit to the project fulltime for a minimum of two months. Applicants willing to participate until the end of the field season will be given preference. PREREQUISITES 1. Enrolled in or completed a degree in biology, marine science, animal behaviour or a related field 2. Previous field experience with marine wildlife (photo-identification, theodolite tracking and boat handling skills would be advantageous but not a prerequisite). 3. Be enthusiastic, team oriented, have a positive attitude and good sense of humour as well as a genuine interest in marine mammal science. 4. Be adaptable and patient as fieldwork is highly weather dependent. This means office based work during bad weather and long consecutive days in the field when weather permits. Fieldwork will vary between weekends and weekdays. 5. Be prepared to work long days in a small vessel in small team of three-five people 6. Be able to commit for a minimum of five days a week for two months (though applicants willing to commit for longer will be preferred) Unfortunately, I am unable to provide monetary compensation or living provisions and research assistants will be responsible for travel to Hawaii and their own living expenses. If you are interested, please provide a short CV and cover letter attention of Julian Tyne (j.tyne(a)murdoch.edu.au <mailto:j.tyne@murdoch.edu.au> ). Julian Tyne, ______________________________________________________________ Julian Tyne * j.tyne(a)murdoch.edu.au <mailto:*j.tyne@murdoch.edu.au> PhD Candidate, Murdoch University Cetacean Research Unit (MUCRU) Centre for Fish, Fisheries and Aquatic Ecosystems Faculty of Sustainability, Environmental and Life Sciences Murdoch University South Street Murdoch WA 6150 http://mucru.org/group-members/julian-tyne/ http://www.nicholas.duke.edu/spinners http://www.facebook.com/MUCRU

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Senior Biologist-Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies
by Stephanie Richardson 02 Sep '11

02 Sep '11

*Senior Marine Biologist or Ecologist* * * **APPLICATION PERIOD EXTENDED TO 9/16/2011** The Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies (PCCS) is seeking a senior level marine biologist or ecologist to direct an established research program and to develop new initiatives. PCCS undertakes conservation-oriented research in the marine environment, including longitudinal studies of endangered large whales. We are seeking a leader for our long-term demographic study of North Atlantic right whales in Cape Cod Bay, a critical habitat off the coast of Massachusetts. Since 1997, photo-identification has been performed annually from aerial survey platforms as part of research on population biology, ecology and human impacts. Responsibilities include: strengthening the existing program and developing new initiatives; supervising program staff (a flight coordinator and aerial observers); disseminating results through scientific publications, technical reports and meetings; writing research proposals and managing existing grants; interfacing with managers, the scientific community and the public. The successful candidate would also be encouraged to develop new research in other areas of their expertise. Candidates must have a doctoral degree in a relevant biological field and at least 5 years of comparable research and project management experience. Generous benefits package, salary commensurate with experience. Please submit cover letter, resume and two references by September 16, 2011 to: Stephanie Richardson Human Resource Manager 115 Bradford Street Provincetown, MA 02657 Email: srichardson(a)coastalstudies.org

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