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New thesis on beaked whale ecology available as PDF
by Colin D. MacLeod 03 Feb '06

03 Feb '06

Dear Marmamers, A PDF copy of the following Ph.D. thesis is available on request. If you are interested in receiving a copy, please email c.d.macleod(a)abdn.ac.uk. The file size is just over 6mb. Thanks. Colin MacLeod, C.D. 2005. Niche partitioning, distribution and competition in North Atlantic beaked whales. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK. SUMMARY The beaked whales remain the least known family of large mammals. Little is known about much of their ecology and there has been little investigation of ecological differences between species within this family. The primary reason for this lack of knowledge is that studying living beaked whales in the wild is technically and logistically difficult due to their occurrence in deep, oceanic waters, often far from shore. This study aimed to investigate the ecology of the six species of beaked whales that occur in the North Atlantic, and define and compare the niches that each species occupies in this area in relation to a number of factors. To counteract the difficulties of studying beaked whales in the wild, a variety of different approaches were used to investigate their ecology. These included the analysis of stomach contents, biochemical analysis bone collagen, the creation of a Geographic Information System (GIS) and ecological modelling. The ecological aspects that were investigated where prey type preferences, prey size preferences, trophic level, geographic distribution, preferred temperature and latitude ranges, water depth, seabed gradient and seabed aspect. >From these analyses, a general beaked whale niche could be identified, covering the niches of all members of the family Ziphiidae in the North Atlantic, as deep-diving oceanic predators of deep-water squid, fish and to a much lesser extent other organisms, in areas with a sloping seabed and in all latitude and temperature ranges. However, no one species occupies this entire general beaked whale niche and each species occupies its own niche partition defined by individual species preferences for specific ranges of different niche factors. The primary partitioning of the general beaked whale niche is based on prey size, with one group of species, the large prey consumers (LPCs), consisting of two species that consume all prey sizes but preferentially take larger prey, and a second group, the small prey consumers (SPCs), consisting of four species that specialise in consuming smaller prey items. Within the LPCs, the two species are segregated geographically, probably by water temperature preferences, with Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) only occurring in warmer, more southern waters and northern bottlenose whale (Hyperoodon ampullatus), only occurring in colder, more northern waters. Within the SPCs, there is a similar geographic partitioning, with Sowerby's beaked whale (Mesoplodon bidens) only occurring in the coldest, most northern waters, Gervais' beaked whale (Mesoplodon europaeus) in warmest, most southern waters and True's beaked whale (Mesoplodon mirus) in intermediate waters between these two species. The last beaked whale species in the North Atlantic, Blainville's beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) differs from all other species in the habitat it occupies, preferentially occurring in over steeper areas of seabed and in relatively shallow waters, especially around oceanic islands, while all other species preferentially occur over areas with more gentle gradients and deeper water depths. This partitioning of the general beaked whale niche may allow all six species to occur in the North Atlantic without undue levels of competition. For example, LPCs and SPCs can co-exist at the same location because of differences in their diet. However, it is also possible that the observed distributions of each species in the North Atlantic is, in part, determined by competitive interactions between species, with some species being competitively excluded from certain locations. For example, competitive exclusion may explain why the two different LPC species are rarely recorded in the same place at the same time. Differences in adaptations to different water temperature ranges may mean that Cuvier's beaked whales can out compete and exclude northern bottlenose whales from warmer waters, while the opposite occurs in colder waters. Therefore, the distribution of individual species of beaked whale in the North Atlantic may be determined both by the niche each species occupies and by competition with other species with similar niche preferences. The actual niche occupied by a species will define its 'fundamental' distribution (all locations where the conditions are sufficient for the species to survive), while competition with other beaked whale species will, in part, define the species 'realised' distribution where the species can exclude potentially competing species and so where it actually occurs. ================================================== Dr. C.D. MacLeod, Ph.D. School of Biological Sciences (Zoology), University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK Tel: 01224 272648 Fax: 01224 272396 Email: c.d.macleod(a)abdn.ac.uk ===================================================

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Spinner dolphin publication
by Marc O. Lammers 02 Feb '06

02 Feb '06

The following article was published in this month's Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. PDF reprints are available by contacting lammers(a)hawaii.edu. "The spatial context of free-ranging Hawaiian spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris) producing acoustic signals" Marc O. Lammers, Michiel Schotten, and Whitlow W. L. Au To improve our understanding of how dolphins use acoustic signals in the wild, a three-hydrophone towed array was used to investigate the spatial occurrence of Hawaiian spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris) relative to each other as they produced whistles, burst pulses, and echolocation clicks. Groups of approximately 30 to 60 animals were recorded while they traveled and socialized in nearshore waters off Oahu, Hawaii. Signaling animals were localized using time of arrival difference cues on the three channels. Sequences of whistles occurred between dolphins separated by significantly greater distances than animals producing burst pulses. Whistles typically originated from dolphins spaced widely apart (median = 23 m), supporting the hypothesis that whistles play a role in maintaining contact between animals in a dispersed group. Burst pulses, on the other hand, usually came from animals spaced closer to one another (median = 14 m), suggesting they function as a more intimate form of signaling between adjacent individuals. The spacing between echolocating animals was more variable and exhibited a bimodal distribution. Three quarters of echolocating animals were separated by 10 m or more, suggesting that the task of vigilance in a pod may not be shared equally by all members at all times.

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INTERNSHIPS IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON
by Tony Martin 02 Feb '06

02 Feb '06

INTERNSHIPS IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON Study species: Boto (Amazon river dolphin) Inia geoffrensis & tucuxi Sotalia fluviatilis Location: Mamirauá Reserve, near Tefé, Brazil Duration: Minimum 6 months, but 9 months preferred Age range: 20 - 33 years Qualification: at least first degree level, preferably in zoology or related subject Start date: 2006, negotiable Closing date for applications: Feb 12 2006 Remuneration: 70 USD per month; all living expenses free Language requirements: At least moderate Portuguese or good Spanish plus good English. No exceptions. Notes. Projeto Boto has been running for 12 years, during which time around 45 interns have helped in the collection of observational data on a population of marked dolphins (now nearly 400 animals). We have a team on the water almost every day of the year, working from boats based at own floating house/lab. The research base is in the heart of the flooded forest, surrounded by myriad wildlife. Many dolphin encounters are guaranteed each day. There is a rolling programme of intern recruitment, and we are now seeking cetacean enthusiasts to begin during 2006. The normal team is of 2 interns plus our resident local research assistant who knows each dolphin individually, and our flooded forest reserve like the back of his hand. Interns are recruited one by one, and given a 4-week understudy with their predecessor. After a further 3 or 4 months they become the senior intern when the next handover has been completed. We are seeking keen young scientists/enthusiasts who are willing to spend 6-9 months in a remote and stunningly beautiful location, dedicated to observing and recording botos. Their hard work will contribute to a productive and exciting research programme which is providing the first quantitative understanding of the biology and ecology of any river dolphin. Life on the raft is fairly basic but clean and safe, with solar power, cold showers, flush toilet and gas-powered fridge/freezer and cooker. Candidates with previous experience of fieldwork will be considered favourably. The nearest town with shops/hospital/airport is 2 hrs away by boat. Due to the close relationship between this study and both the local population and reserve management, all of whom speak Portuguese, we must insist on at least moderate skills in spoken Portuguese or good Spanish. Good spoken English is also necessary. We will only recruit people with the attributes outlined above; please do not reply if you are unable to meet these requirements. Furthermore, this advertisement is intended only for posting on MARMAM. It should NOT be copied and posted elsewhere without our specific approval. Please apply to us by e-mail, including a CV and a short letter explaining why you wish to join the project. Copy the application to both addresses. Tony Martin (arm(a)bas.ac.uk) and Vera da Silva (tucuxi(a)inpa.gov.br) -- This message (and any attachments) is for the recipient only. NERC is subject to the Freedom of Information Act 2000 and the contents of this email and any reply you make may be disclosed by NERC unless it is exempt from release under the Act. Any material supplied to NERC may be stored in an electronics records management system.

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opportunity for students
by Stan Kuczaj 02 Feb '06

02 Feb '06

The University of Southern Mississippi offers an opportunity for students to earn four hours of course credit while participating in a field study of dolphins in the beautiful waters surrounding the island of Utila, located off the northern coast of Honduras. Students will learn to record and analyze marine mammal sounds and behaviors, and will gain firsthand experience in the joys and frustrations associated with field studies of wild dolphin behavior. The dates of the course are May 20 - June 10, 2006. For further information, contact the University of Southern Mississippi Office of International Programs (601-266-4344; e-mail: frances.sudduth(a)usm.edu)

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2006 NERS Conference
by Kimmel, Tricia 02 Feb '06

02 Feb '06

ANNOUNCING 2006 Northeast Region Stranding Network Conference March 23-26, 2006 Holiday Inn Oceanfront Ocean City, Maryland Hosted by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, National Aquarium in Baltimore, and MERR Institute The annual Northeast Region Stranding Network (NERS) Conference provides an opportunity for stranding network members and researchers to discuss issues and present data and results related to marine mammal and sea turtle strandings. This year the meeting will consist of workshops, a closed business meeting and oral and poster presentations. There will be a workshop on Thursday afternoon followed by a reception, a business meeting on Friday, and presentations all day Saturday. A banquet will be held Saturday night and another workshop will be held Sunday morning to conclude the conference. Details regarding the meeting can be found at http://www.stranding.org/conf/conf.htm The deadline for abstracts and early registration is February 23rd. Tricia Kimmel Natural Resources Biologist Maryland Department of Natural Resources Cooperative Oxford Laboratory 904 S. Morris Street, Oxford, MD 21654 410-226-5908 x137 (W) 410-226-0120 (F) tkimmel(a)dnr.state.md.us

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Internship Dolphin Behavior and Ecology
by Jennifer Lewis 01 Feb '06

01 Feb '06

Internship: Behavioral Ecology of Bottlenose Dolphins in the Florida Keys Period of Service: Minimum (one month), maximum (up to 7 months) between April and November 2006 Details of Position: Work will involve assisting doctoral student with field research on a residential population of bottlenose dolphins located in the Lower Florida Keys. Responsibilities will include assisting in collection of behavior and environmental data, data entry/analysis and equipment maintenance. Interns will receive training in field and lab techniques used in cetacean research. Requirements: Must be upper division undergraduate or recent graduate from a scientific discipline. Prefer students with an interest in continuing education beyond Bachelors. Previous field experience a plus. Must be able to handle long hours (8+ per day) under extreme heat (up to 37 degrees Celsius). Positions are voluntary. All work conducted will be done under a Letter of Confirmation for Level B Harassment (MMPA 1972). For further information please contact Jennifer Lewis at: jennifer.lewis1(a)fiu.edu Florida International University Department of Biological Sciences Miami, Florida

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Internships - Seals - British Columbia
by Phocid＠aol.com 01 Feb '06

01 Feb '06

For the 8th year, Island Wildlife Natural Care Centre, on Salt Spring Island British Columbia, will be offering summer Harbour Seal rehabilitation internships. There will be ten internships awarded this summer each lasting eight weeks, between June 1 and October 31. Interns will work directly under marine mammal rehabilitation specialists and can expect to learn the following: Safe rescue and handling of Harbour Seal pups. Proper restraint techniques. Stabilizing critical patients and new arrivals. Food preparation through all stages of the rehabilitation process. Gavage (tube) feeding, assisted feeding and hand feeding techniques. Proper hygiene and isolation protocols to prevent the spread of disease. Administration of medications. Behavioral and medical observation and proper record keeping. Natural history of marine mammal species. Response to the rescue hotline and public interface as well as the logistics of coordinating rescues from many remote locations. Fundamentals of how, why and when to administer alternative remedies such as homeopathy and Chinese herbs. General care of many other indigenous avian and mammalian species. There will also be a weekly lecture series presented by professionals in many different disciplines including; veterinary medicine, integrative medicine, wildlife rehabilitation, marine mammal conservation and wildlife cinematography. HOUSING - Comfortable onsite housing is provided. FINANCES - Each intern will be provided with a weekly stipend to pay for food and misc. expenses. TRANSPORTATION - Interns are responsible for transportation to and from Salt Spring. However they will have access to the on-island intern mobile. Island Wildlife Natural Care Centre is a registered not for profit organization operating under permits from the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Environment Canada and the Ministry of Water, Land and Air. Recipient of the Islands Trust Environmental Stewardship Award, IWNCC’s focus is on the rescue and rehabilitation of orphaned Harbour Seals and other indigenous species. The deadline for applications is March 1, 2006. For more information and to download an application, please visit our web site at: www.sealrescue.org Island Wildlife Natural Care Centre 322 Langs Road Salt Spring Island, BC V8K1N3 www.sealrescue.org iwncc(a)aol.com

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Marine Mammal Courses in West Coast of Scotland Spring 2006
by Education 31 Jan '06

31 Jan '06

<http://www.hwdt.org/> The Hebridean Whale & Dolphin Trust (HWDT) is offering short marine mammal courses in March and April 2006 These introductory courses will consist of illustrated lectures and video presentations, a day out on HWDT's research and education vessel Silurian to learn about marine mammal identification and survey techniques and a day to selected areas on the Isle of Mull focusing on land-based survey techniques and coastal biology. To find out more about the course content and booking details: Visit our website http://www.whaledolphintrust.co.uk/education/Marinecourses.asp Phone: 01688 302 620 or e-mail: info(a)hwdt.org Education Officer Hebridean Whale & Dolphin Trust 28 Main Street Tobermory, Isle of Mull PA75 NU Ph: 01688 302 859 Fax: 01688 302 858 e-mail: education(a)hwdt.org www.hwdt.org

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Job Announcement
by Valerie Park 30 Jan '06

30 Jan '06

The Alaska SeaLife Center, a non-profit organization dedicated to marine research, rehabilitation, conservation, and public education is seeking applications for the following: Animal Care Technician (Seasonal) This position is responsible for providing logistical support for the rescue, rehabilitation, and release of stranded marine wildlife admitted to the ASLC Stranding Program. Responsibilities (include but are not limited to): 1. Assisting in the care and maintenance of animals managed by the Center's Stranding Program. 2. Daily animal diet preparations, water quality testing, and routine cleaning of animal enclosures, holding pools, food preparation facilities and rehabilitation work areas. Following procedures for animal care, food preparation, and clean up, including proper maintenance and sterilization of equipment. 3. Assisting with logistics pertaining to live and dead stranded wildlife including rescues, animal transport and releases. 4. Under direction of the stranding coordinator, assisting research and veterinary services staff in facilitation of research projects and the collection of data samples, etc. Maintaining written and computer based records. 5. Participating in educational presentations to visitors and the public on topics relating to marine mammal stranding and ASLC operations. Requirements: Bachelor's degree in Marine Biology, Biology, Zoology or related field. Some captive or stranding marine mammal and/or avian experience is required. Soft and technical skills should include: exceptional time management /organizational skills; self-motivated; ability to communicate effectively with various levels in the organization; computer skills including MS Outlook, Excel, Word, and database programs; excellent written and oral communication skills. Certified open water S.C.U.B.A. diver preferred. Must be physically fit with a good sense of balance and be able to lift over 50 lbs. Must have a valid driver's license. This is a seasonal, full-time position. The SeaLife Center offers a competitive wage in a beautiful setting. Seward is a tourist destination, located on Alaska's Kenai Peninsula, boasting incredible recreation opportunities. Imagine partaking in world-class halibut and salmon fishing, rafting, and kayaking in Resurrection Bay and on the Kenai River. Experience icebergs calving from glaciers in Kenai Fjords National Park. Hike the 200 miles of trail in the Chugach National Forest, viewing wildlife like moose, black and brown bears, bald eagles, and Dall Sheep. Start Date: May 1, 2006 Apply by: March 1, 2006 Send resume & application (downloadable at www.alaskasealife.org <http://www.alaskasealife.org/> ) to Human Resources, Alaska SeaLife Center, P. O. Box 1329, Seward, AK 99664-1329, or fax 907-224-6320, or email to HR(a)alaskasealife.org <mailto:human_resources@alaskasealife.org> . www.alaskasealife.org The ASLC is an Equal Opportunity Employer.

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IV sympossium of keté: biology and medicine of beluga and walruses
by KETE AMA 30 Jan '06

30 Jan '06

SATURDAY SPEAKER SUNDAY SPEAKER 8:30-10:00 MARINE MAMMALS FACILITIES PABLO AREITIO 8:30-10:00 WATER QUALITY CONTROL FOR THE AQUATIC ANIMAL IN CAPTIVITY PABLO AREITIO 10:00-11:30 BIOLOGY, DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF BELUGA WHALES MANOLO CASTELLOTE 10:00-11:30 EMMERGING DISEASE IN MARIN MAMMALS TOM REIDARSON 11:30-11:45 BREAK 11:30-11:45 BREAK 11:45-13:00 BELUGA IN CAPTIVITY: TRANSPORTATION TOM REIDARSON 11:45-13:00 WORK ORGANIGRAM AT THE SEAL REHABILITATION AND RESEARCH CENTER, PIETERBUREN MARRIJE VERSPUIJ LUNCH LUNCH 14:30-16:30 PREVENTIVE MEDICINE IN BELUGA WHALE AND CLINICAL CASES TOM REIDARSON 14:30-16:30 OIL SPILL AND MARINE MAMMALS: HOW TO PROCEED? MARRIJE VERSPUIJ 16:30-17:45 CLINICAL CASES OF MARINE MAMMALS TOM REIDARSON 16:30-17:45 WALRUSES IN CAPTIVITY: FACILITY DANIEL GARCÍA 17:45-18:00 BREAK 17:45-18:00 BREAK 18:00-20:00 ACOUSTIC STUDY WITH BELUGA WHALES MANOLO CASTELLOTE 18:00-20:00 PREVENTIVE MEDICINE IN WALRUSES DANIEL GARCÍA 20:00-21:30 BIOLOGY, DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF WALRUSES MANOLO CASTELLOTE 20:00-21:00 DISEASES OF WALRUSES AND CLINICAL CASES DANIEL GARCÍA 21:00-21:30 EXAM Dear all, Keté (Aquatic Mammal Association) is organizing the 4th sympossium of marine mammals for this year 2006. It will be in Autonomous University of Barcelona (Spain) in Aprin 1rst and 2nd of 2006. University students and graduate students are invited to assist. For more information please contact the association at this email: kete_ama(a)yahoo.es Thank you for your time and I hope to hear from all of you that are interest in, Meritxell Clavell Keté (Aquatic Mammals Association) Autonomous University of Barcelona Spain --------------------------------- LLama Gratis a cualquier PC del Mundo. Llamadas a fijos y móviles desde 1 céntimo por minuto. http://es.voice.yahoo.com

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