October 2014 - MARMAM - devlists.uvic.ca

New publication on high frequency ship noise and potential effects on small toothed whales
by Line Hermannsen 10 Oct '14

10 Oct '14

Dear MARMAMers, For those interested, we wish to draw attention to a recent paper in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America on high frequency ship noise and the potential effects on small toothed whales. We show that a broad range of vessel types produce substantial levels of noise at high frequencies, and that smaller toothed whales therefore must be considered in impact assessments of ship noise. We also show that low frequency noise bands are poor proxies for noise loads at higher frequencies, and that current low frequency indicators, such as those in the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), are insufficient when it comes to assessing noise effects on small toothed whales. *"High frequency components of ship noise in shallow water with a discussion of implications for harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena)"* Line Hermannsen, Kristian Beedholm, Jakob Tougaard and Peter T. Madsen J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 136, 1640 (2014) URL: *http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/136/4/10.1121/1.4893908 <http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/136/4/10.1121/1.4893908>* DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4893908 *Full abstract* Growing ship traffic worldwide has led to increased vessel noise with possible negative impacts on marine life. Most research has focused on low frequency components of ship noise, but for high-frequency specialists, such as the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), medium-to-high frequency noise components are likely more of a concern. To test for biologically relevant levels of medium-to-high frequency vessel noise, different types of Automatic Identification System located vessels were recorded using a broadband recording system in four heavily ship-trafficked marine habitats in Denmark. Vessel noise from a range of different ship types substantially elevated ambient noise levels across the entire recording band from 0.025 to 160 kHz at ranges between 60 and 1000 m. These ship noise levels are estimated to cause hearing range reduction of >20 dB (at 1 and 10 kHz) from ships passing at distances of 1190 m and >30 dB reduction (at 125 kHz) from ships at distances of 490 m or less. It is concluded that a diverse range of vessels produce substantial noise at high frequencies, where toothed whale hearing is most sensitive, and that vessel noise should be considered over a broad frequency range, when assessing noise effects on porpoises and other small toothed whales. A pdf version of the paper can be requested from line.hermannsen(a)gmail.com Best regards, Line Hermannsen

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FWC Research Scientist Position
by Mosier, Andrea 09 Oct '14

09 Oct '14

Working Title: RESEARCH SCIENTIST Broadband/Class Code: 19-1023-04 Position Number: 77071893-51197184 Annual Salary Range: $58,160 annually Announcement Type: Open Competitive City: SAINT PETERSBURG Facility: FISH AND WILDLIFE RESEARCH INSTITUTE Pay Grade/ Pay Band: BB012 Closing Date: 10/30/2014 Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Marine Mammal Research Section St. Petersburg, Florida DESCRIPTION We are seeking a well-qualified individual to design, plan, and advance science-focused research and products related to marine mammal conservation. The successful candidate will conduct statistical analyses and build mathematical models of manatee and right whale populations in collaboration with other investigators within and external to FWRI, using available databases (e.g., mortality, aerial survey, telemetry, habitat, genetics, and photo ID) or obtaining additional data as necessary. In support of priority conservation needs, he/she will design studies and monitor programs regarding manatee and right whale populations and related anthropogenic, ecological, and biological factors affecting sustainable, healthy marine mammal populations. He/she will recommend appropriate updates to data collection methods to correct for or reduce sampling bias, increase reliability, and adjust sampling effort accordingly. He/she will ensure that all data and modeling undergo rigorous quality control and quality assurance as well as write and present scientific or technical reports, papers, correspondence, and peer-reviewed articles. Additionally, they will present research findings to public audiences, state and federal policymakers, and at scientific meetings and consult with and advise government agencies in evaluation of marine mammal population data collected by FWC and other agencies. Duties include actively collaborating, providing team leadership, and coordinating activities of interdisciplinary teams (scientific and technical) on various aspects of research on marine mammal populations. They will participate in the development, implementation, and coordination of program conservation plans and seek extramural funding aligned with conservation priorities. The successful candidate will be responsible for the supervision of assigned personnel in a coaching and mentoring manner to maintain a team-oriented approach to section goals. Supervisory duties include but are not limited to: recruitment, training, planning and directing work, reviewing performance with employee and ensuring compliance with FWRI rules, policies and procedures. He/she will maintain a professional working environment that promotes teamwork within working units and with other sections in the Institute. MINIMUM EDUCATION AND EXPERIENCE A master's degree in one of the physical or natural sciences and 4 yrs. of professional experience as described above; or a doctorate (physical or natural science) with 2 years of experience as described above. ENTRY LEVEL KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND ABILITIES Knowledge of wildlife biology, terminology, principles and techniques used in research on wildlife species; statistical modeling including hierarchical models (for example, implemented with Bayesian methods), CMR modeling; designing monitoring programs such as with aerial surveys, genetics, or other population survey techniques. Ability to collect, organize, and maintain scientific data related to population research, biology and modeling; to perform quantitative analysis and modeling of scientific data; to plan, organize, and coordinate work assignments; to publish manuscripts in refereed scientific journals; to work independently; to communicate effectively verbally and in writing; to establish and maintain effective working relationships with others; to effectively supervise people and demonstrate the ability to lead people toward organizations mission and goals; to establish and meet work-related goals; to understand and apply applicable rules, regulations, to access and formulate budgetary needs, policies, principles and procedures used in personnel & database management. TO APPLY Applicants are required to submit a complete, up-to-date, State of Florida Employment Application Form electronically in People First (http://peoplefirst.myflorida.com<http://peoplefirst.myflorida.com/>) by the closing date listed. Also, please submit with your application in People First an updated curriculum vitae (CV) and letter of introduction. Resumes and supporting documentation do not replace the requirement for a completed State of Florida Application Form. If you experience technical difficulties during the application process or when attaching documents, call People First staffing at 1-877-562-7287. If unable to attach supporting documents to your application, they may be faxed to the People First Service Center at 1-888-403-2110. Be sure to include the Requisition number for the position to which you are applying on each page of your faxed documents. The State of Florida is an Equal Opportunity Employer/Affirmative Action Employer and does not tolerate discrimination or violence in the workplace. Applicants requiring a reasonable accommodation, as defined by the Americans with Disabilities Act, must notify the agency hiring authority and/or the People First Service Center (1-877-562-7287). Notification to the hiring authority must be made in advance to allow sufficient time to provide the accommodation. The State of Florida supports a Drug-Free workplace. All employees are subject to reasonable suspicion drug testing in accordance with Section 112.0455, F.S., Drug-Free Workplace Act. Pursuant to Chapter 295, Florida Statutes, applicants eligible for Veterans' Preference will receive preference in employment and are encouraged to apply. However, applicants claiming Veterans' Preference must attach supporting documentation with each application submission that includes character of service (for example, DD Form 214 Member Copy #4) along with any others documentation as required by Rule 55A-7, Florida Administrative Code. All documentation is due by the closing date of the vacancy announcement. For information on the supporting documentation required, click here<http://www.dms.myflorida.com/content/download/97612/566545>. Applicants may also fax their supporting documentation to People First at 1-888-403-2110.

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Research Internships
by Freeman, Kathleen 09 Oct '14

09 Oct '14

Mystic Aquarium (Mystic, CT) offers internship positions in Marine Animal Research. Gain hands-on experience in a dynamic environment with guidance from a mentor who is a member of our Research staff. Our Research team conducts research in many aspects of marine animal health, husbandry, and ecology. This is accomplished through detailed analysis of behavior, specimens, data records and a combination of field, in-house, and laboratory-based research projects that focus on animal behavior, ecology, infectious disease, neuro-immunology, and physiology. The internship program reflects our mission, "To inspire people to care for and protect our ocean planet through education, research, and exploration." Internships are available for the fall, spring, and summer. Interns have the opportunity to attend weekly educational seminars, receive feedback from supervisors, and work on independent projects to enhance their knowledge and resumes. Application deadlines are as follows: Spring internships (Jan-May): October 31; Summer internships (May-Aug): February 28; Fall internships (Sept-Dec): June 30 Please see the Mystic Aquarium website for more information on the internship program and instructions on completing an application.http://admin.mysticaquarium.org/get-involved/internships. Contact Email Address: Interninfo(a)searesearch.org Kathy Freeman Internship Coordinator Human Resources Department Phone | 860-572-5955 Ext 306 kfreeman(a)searesearch.org<mailto:kfreeman@searesearch.org> [MA_Email.gif] [Description: Description: Description: Description: Description: Description: FBicon]<http://www.facebook.com/mysticaquarium>[Description: Description: Description: Description: Description: Description: twitterlogo]<http://twitter.com/mysticaquarium>[Description: cid:image007.png@01CBE934.31FFF3E0]<http://www.youtube.com/user/MysticAquarium>

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WORKSHOPS: Statistical Modelling (15-22nd Jan)
by Lindesay Scott-Hayward 09 Oct '14

09 Oct '14

*Two workshops on Statistical Modelling:* *Introduction to Statistical Modelling and **Spatial Modelling Methods for Correlated Data* Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling *15 – 22nd January 2015*, University of St. Andrews The Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling (CREEM) at the University of St. Andrews will be running two ‘Statistical Modelling’ workshops to introduce both basic and more advanced techniques. *Introduction to Statistical Modelling (2 days)* This workshop will take place *15th - 16th January 2015* and will cover Linear Models and Generalised Linear Models to help participants analyse continuous, presence/absence and count data. *Spatial Modelling Methods for Correlated Data (4 days)* This workshop will take place *19th – 22nd January 2015* and cover one dimensional and two dimensional smoothing using both more traditional and recently developed methods. The correlated aspect of the data is addressed using Generalised Estimating Equations (GEEs). Both courses will be heavily data (and practical) based and presented using large scale offshore wind farm data. The R software package will be used for the workshop-based practical’s. Computer sessions take place in our computer classroom (attached to the seminar room) and participants can either use our computers or bring their own laptops. For more information and registration, please visit the webpage: http://creem2.st-andrews.ac.uk/introduction-to-statistical-modelling-and-sp… ------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Lindesay Scott-Hayward Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling (CREEM), The Observatory, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9LZ Scotland Tel: +44 (0) 1334 461824 The University of St Andrews is a charity registered in Scotland : No SC013532

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Cross-species vocal learning in killer whales
by Ann E. Bowles 08 Oct '14

08 Oct '14

We are pleased to announce the publication of the following article: Musser, W.B., A.E. Bowles, D.M. Grebner, and J.L. Crance. 2014. Differences in acoustic features of vocalizations produced by killer whales cross-socialized with bottlenose dolphins. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 137(4): 1990-2002. http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/136/4/10.1121/1.4893906 Abstract: Limited previous evidence suggests that killer whales (Orcinus orca) are capable of vocal production learning. However, vocal contextual learning has not been studied, nor the factors promoting learning. Vocalizations were collected from three killer whales with a history of exposure to bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and compared with data from seven killer whales held with conspecifics and nine bottlenose dolphins. The three whales' repertoires were distinguishable by a higher proportion of click trains and whistles. Time-domain features of click trains were intermediate between those of whales held with conspecifics and dolphins. These differences provided evidence for contextual learning. One killer whale spontaneously learned to produce artificial chirps taught to dolphins; acoustic features fell within the range of inter-individual differences among the dolphins. This whale also produced whistles similar to a stereotyped whistle produced by one dolphin. Thus, results provide further support for vocal production learning and show that killer whales are capable of contextual learning. That killer whales produce similar repertoires when associated with another species suggests substantial vocal plasticity and motivation for vocal conformity with social associates. Ann E. Bowles, PhD Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute <mailto:abowles@hswri.org>abowles(a)hswri.org 50th_Logo.PNG Ann E. Bowles, PhD | Program Leader, Bioacoustics Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute 2595 Ingraham Street | San Diego | CA 92109 Phone: (619) 226-3870 | Fax: (619) 226-3944 <mailto:abowles@hswri.org>abowles(a)hswri.org | www.hswri.org The information transmitted (including attachments) is covered by the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, 18 U.S.C. 2510-2521, is intended only for the person(s) or entity/entities to which it is addressed and may contain confidential and/or privileged material. Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this information by persons or entities other than the intended recipient(s) is prohibited. If you received this in error, please contact the sender and delete the material from any computer.

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New article on bottlenose dolphin population demographic history, ecology and morphology in the North-east Atlantic
by Marie Louis 08 Oct '14

08 Oct '14

Dear all, We are pleased to announce the publication of the following article: Louis M., Fontaine M. C., Spitz J., Schlund E., Dabin W., Deaville R., Caurant F., Cherel Y., Guinet C. and Simon-Bouhet B. 2014. Ecological opportunities and specializations shaped genetic divergence in a highly mobile marine top predator. Proc. R. Soc. B 281(1795): 20141558. (doi: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1558) Abstract: Environmental conditions can shape genetic and morphological divergence. Release of new habitats during historical environmental changes was a major driver of evolutionary diversification. Here, forces shaping population structure and ecotype differentiation (‘pelagic’ and ‘coastal’) of bottlenose dolphins in the North-east Atlantic were investigated using complementary evolutionary and ecological approaches. Inference of population demographic history using approximate Bayesian computation indicated that coastal populations were likely founded by the Atlantic pelagic population after the Last Glacial Maxima probably as a result of newly available coastal ecological niches. Pelagic dolphins from the Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea likely diverged during a period of high productivity in the Mediterranean Sea. Genetic differentiation between coastal and pelagic ecotypes may be maintained by niche specializations, as indicated by stable isotope and stomach content analyses, and social behaviour. The two ecotypes were only weakly morphologically segregated in contrast to other parts of the World Ocean. This may be linked to weak contrasts between coastal and pelagic habitats and/or a relatively recent divergence. We suggest that ecological opportunity to specialize is a major driver of genetic and morphological divergence. Combining genetic, ecological and morphological approaches is essential to understanding the population structure of mobile and cryptic species. The article can be download from: http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/281/1795/20141558.abstract or you can email me for a copy. Best wishes, Marie

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New publication
by Erdem Danyer 08 Oct '14

08 Oct '14

Dear MARMAM subscribers, I'm pleased to announce the following paper: Danyer E, Tonay AM, Aytemiz I, Dede A, Yildirim F, Gurel A (2014) First report of infestation by a parasitic copepod (*Pennella balaenopterae*) in a harbour porpoise (*Phocoena phocoena*) from the Aegean Sea: a case report, Veterinarni Medicina, 59, 2014 (8): 403-407 [Abstract] An adult, female harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena relicta) was found stranded on the southern Aegean Sea coast of Turkey. Thirteen holes made by copepods were observed on the lateral sides of the porpoise. The copepods were identified as Pennella balaenopterae, based on the morphological characteristics and measurement. Tissue samples were collected from embedded parts of parasites, histopathologically examined and panniculitis findings were observed. Although this parasite copepod had been reported on several marine mammals, this is the first report in the harbour porpoise, and in the Aegean Sea. This is an open-access and everyone can download this paper from the following site: *http://vri.cz/docs/vetmed/59-8-403.pdf <http://vri.cz/docs/vetmed/59-8-403.pdf>* Please email me at "erdemdanyer(a)gmail.com <kurousagi0914(a)gmail.com>" if you have any trouble to download it. All the best, -- Erdem DANYER Veterinarian, PhD Candidate Kocaeli Food Control Labrotory Başiskele/Kocaeli/Turkey İstanbul Uni. Veterinary Faculty, Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases Department Avcilar/Istanbul/Turkey Tel: 0090 262 312 10 61 Fax: 0090 262 312 10 65 Cep: 0090 536 255 76 66 *Çevreye olan sorumluluğumuzu düşünerek gerekmedikçe çıktı almayınız.Please consider your environmental responsibility before printing*

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2nd Announcement ECS Conference 2015 - Call for Abstracts and Workshop Proposals
by Adriana Vella 07 Oct '14

07 Oct '14

Dear All, *2nd Announcement of the 29th European Cetacean Society Conference. * *Call for Abstracts and Workshop Proposals - Details at link below:* https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/4378145/2nd%20announcement%20ECS%20conf… Conference dates: *23rd to 25th of March 2015* Workshop dates: *21st and 22nd of March 2015* Venue:* lntercontinental* *MALTA, in St. Julians.* The theme of the 2015 ECS Conference in Malta is: '*Marine Mammal Conservation - from Local to Global*'. *This theme would be supported by a number of keynote presentations that will look at how conservation efforts are being managed at a range of levels and the links between them. This will include consideration of local, national, regional and global conservation initiatives, as well as methods and mechanisms for addressing both short and long-term impacts. In addition to original research contributions on the usual range of topics that include, but are not limited to, health, genetics, by-catch, acoustics, abundance, distribution, ecology, breeding, behaviour, conservation, welfare, historical perspectives, we also welcome critical assessments of conservation policy.* Below please find some snapshots prepared by BICREF, the ECS Conference 2015 organizing entity in Malta. A video promo of Malta and BICREF for the upcoming ECS conference in 2015. Enjoy! *http://youtu.be/QhF-rEVzEQA <http://youtu.be/QhF-rEVzEQA>* See you in Malta :) Regards, *Adriana* Dr. Adriana Vella, Ph.D (Cantab.) Founder and Co-president The Biological Conservation Research Foundation, NGO bicref(a)gmail.com & Conservation Biology Research Group, Senior Lecturer and Cetacean Researcher University of Malta adrianajvella(a)gmail.com *f/ECS Conference 2015 – Malta organisers*

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Interested in working at a zoo or aquarium?
by Sarah Courbis 07 Oct '14

07 Oct '14

Are you interested in working at a zoo or aquarium? In this very competitive field, it helps to have good training! Portland Community College in Portland, Oregon offers a unique opportunity to earn an Associate’s Degree in Biology and Management of Zoo Animals. Graduates are prepared to serve the zoological community in a variety of capacities including zookeeper or aquarist, animal trainer, zoo educator, animal presenter, wildlife rehabilitator, registrar and laboratory animal technician. Students have the opportunity to work closely with animals and staff at the Oregon Zoo and to gain additional experience in related fields and at many other unique facilities in the region. Our program has been designated as an official Learning Partner of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), which means that some of the courses in the BMZA program will also qualify as required electives for different concentrations in the AZA Professional Development Certificate Program <https://www.aza.org/certificate.aspx>. The AZA Certificates are organized into concentrations such as behavioral husbandry, education and interpretation, and management and operations. *Applications to the program will be accepted from mid-January to mid-April for the 2015-2017 program which begins in September 2015. There are some prerequisites (see below), so if you want to apply, you will want to get these requirements done prior to April 2015. More details follow below. Please go to http://www.pcc.edu/programs/zoo-animals/ <http://www.pcc.edu/programs/zoo-animals/> for further information. * [image: Inline image 1] Biology and Management of Zoo Animals Rock Creek Bldg 7, Rm 202 | Faculty Department Chair: Joyce Kaplan <http://www.pcc.edu/scripts/sdquery.pl?all=Joyce+Kaplan> | 971-722-7688 | joyce.kaplan(a)pcc.edu *The Call of the Wild* Caring for wildlife in captivity today is very complex and involves many different fields, as well as being intricately tied to species survival in the wild. Zoos are no longer simply showcases where animals are presented for the entertainment of guests. Modern zoos work to conserve threatened and endangered species, from the large to the small, both on the zoo grounds and in their natural habitats. A variety of career fields are available including education and public relations, record-keeping, research, conservation biology (including overseas work), horticulture, veterinary services, and a career ladder that may include zookeeper, senior keeper, curator, and zoo director. The biology and management of zoo animals requires a great deal of knowledge to maintain a sustainable population of animals in captivity and insure their physical and mental well-being. It is critical to learn about the anatomy, physiology, reproduction, behavior, and nutrition of a very wide variety of animals. You also need a great deal of practical experience working with all types of exotic animals to be able to put your knowledge into practice. Animal husbandry, handling, health management, population management, training, enrichment, record-keeping, and exhibit care and management are all important. Education and guiding the public towards an appreciation of animals is a new and critical role of the zookeeper as well. You will need to excel in public relations as well as in animal management. *Degrees and Certificates* In this program you can earn the following: · *Associate of Applied Science Degree* For program admission information, please visit http://www.pcc.edu/programs/zoo-animals/admission.html . *Prerequisites and Requirements* (must be completed before April 2015): (College placement tests are administered through assessment centers.) · High school diploma, GED certificate, or equivalent required. · Completion of WR 121 <http://catalog.pcc.edu/search/?P=WR%20121> or higher with a C grade or better or previous degree. · Completing MTH 65 <http://catalog.pcc.edu/search/?P=MTH%2065>, or MTH 63 <http://catalog.pcc.edu/search/?P=MTH%2063> with a C or better, or passing a math class with a C or better for which MTH 65 <http://catalog.pcc.edu/search/?P=MTH%2065>or higher level math skills are a prerequisite, or passing the PCC competency exam for MTH 65 <http://catalog.pcc.edu/search/?P=MTH%2065>. · Completion of BI 112 <http://catalog.pcc.edu/search/?P=BI%20112> or BI 211 <http://catalog.pcc.edu/search/?P=BI%20211> and BI 212 <http://catalog.pcc.edu/search/?P=BI%20212> or equivalent major's biology coursework (including molecular /cellular/genetics components). · Completion of CH 151 <http://catalog.pcc.edu/search/?P=CH%20151> or CH 104 <http://catalog.pcc.edu/search/?P=CH%20104> or equivalent general chemistry course with laboratory. · Completion of a minimum of one additional course from the General Education/Discipline Studies list · Documentation of computer literacy through CAS 133 <http://catalog.pcc.edu/search/?P=CAS%20133>, equivalent coursework or experience. · A minimum of 20 documented hours of direct animal husbandry experience. · All prerequisite coursework and experience must be complete by the end of winter term prior to the early spring application deadline. Courses planned for spring term will not be considered. Pass/No Pass evaluation is not acceptable in the prerequisite courses. Hope you will join us! Cheers, Sarah Courbis, Ph.D. sarahcourbis(a)gmail.com

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New Publication: Sound variation and function in captive Commerson's dolphins (Yayoi M.Yoshida)
by yayoi yoshida 07 Oct '14

07 Oct '14

The following was just published online: Yayoi M. Yoshida,Tadamichi Morisaka, Mai Sakaib, Mari Iwasaki, Ikuo Wakabayashi, Atsushi Seko, Masahiko Kasamatsu, Tomonari Akamatsu, Shiro Kohshimaa Sound variation and function in captive Commerson's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) Behavioural Processes.Volume 108, October 2014, Pages 11–19 *Abstract* Commerson's dolphin (Cephalorhynchus commersonii), one of the smallest dolphin species, has been reported to produce only narrow-band high-frequency (NBHF) clicks and no whistles. To clarify their sound repertoire and examine the function of each type, we analysed the sounds and behaviour of captive Commerson's dolphins in Toba Aquarium, Japan. All recorded sounds were NBHF clicks with peak frequency >110 kHz. The recorded click-trains were categorised into four types based on the changing pattern of their Inter-click intervals (ICI): Decreasing type, with continuously decreasing ICI during the last part of the train; Increasing type, with continuously increasing ICI during the last part; Fluctuating type, with fluctuating ICI; and Burst-pulse type, with very short and constant ICI. The frequency of the Decreasing type increased when approaching an object newly introduced to the tank, suggesting that the sound is used for echolocation on approach. The Burst-pulse type suddenly increased in front of the object and was often oriented towards it, suggesting that it was used for echolocation in close proximity to the object. In contrast, the Increasing type was rarely recorded during approach, but increased when a dolphin approached another dolphin. The Increasing and Burst-pulse types also increased when dolphins began social behaviours. These results suggest that some NBHF clicks have functions other than echolocation, such as communication. Everyone can download this paper from the following site: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376635714001855# Or please email me at "yyoshida(a)wrc.kyoto-u.ac.jp" if you have any trouble to download it. Sincerely best- Yayoi YOSHIDA -------------------------------- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Japan Yayoi Yoshida Tel:+81-75‐771‐4399 Mail:marsh.greensdolphin@gmail.com, yyoshida(a)wrc.kyoto-u.ac.jp http://www.wrc.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/index.html

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