August 2012 - MARMAM - devlists.uvic.ca

New papers from a vulnerable Brazilian dolphin
by Mariana Alonso 29 Aug '12

29 Aug '12

To: marmam(a)lists.uvic.ca Subject: [MARMAM] New papers from a vulnerable Brazilian dolphin On behalf of my co-authors, I am pleased to announce the publication of the two following articles: Mariana B. Alonso, Maria Luisa Feo, Cayo Corcellas, Lara G. Vidal, Carolina P. Bertozzi, Juliana Marigo, Eduardo R. Secchi, Manuela Bassoi, Alexandre F. Azevedo, Paulo R. Dorneles, João Paulo M. Torres, José Lailson-Brito, Olaf Malm, Ethel Eljarrat, Damià Barceló (2012) “*Pyrethroids: A new threat to marine mammals?”* *Environment International* 47: 99–106 Abstract: The present study constitutes the first investigation to demonstrate pyrethroid bioaccumulation in marine mammals, despite the assumption that these insecticides are converted to non-toxic metabolites by hydroly- sis in mammals. Twelve pyrethroids were determined in liver samples from 23 male franciscana dolphins from Brazil. The median concentration values for total pyrethroids were 7.04 and 68.4ng/g lw in adults and calves, respectively. Permethrin was the predominant compound, contributing for 55% of the total pyre- throids. Results showed a distinct metabolic balance of pyrethroids through dolphin life. High loads are re- ceived at the beginning of their lives and, when they reach sexual maturity, these mammals seem to degrade/metabolize pyrethroids. Maternal transfer of these compounds was also evaluated through the anal- ysis of breast milk and placenta samples. Pyrethroids were detected in both matrices, with values between 2.53–4.77ng/g lw and 331–1812ng/g lw, respectively. Therefore, for the first time, a study shows mother-to-calf transfer of pyrethroids by both gestational and lactation pathways in dolphins. Mariana B. Alonso, Ethel Eljarrat, Marina Gorga, Eduardo R. Secchi, Manuela Bassoi, Lupércio Barbosa, Carolina P. Bertozzi, Juliana Marigo, Marta Cremer, Camila Domit, Alexandre F. Azevedo, Paulo R. Dorneles, João Paulo M. Torres, José Lailson-Brito, Olaf Malm, Damià Barceló (2012) “*Natural and anthropogenically-produced brominated compounds in endemic dolphins from Western South Atlantic: Another risk to a vulnerable species”* *Environmental Pollution* 170: 152-160 Abstract: Liver samples from 53 Franciscana dolphins along the Brazilian coast were analyzed for organo- brominated compounds. Target substances included the following anthropogenic pollutants: poly- brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), hexabromobenzene (HBB), decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE), as well as the naturally- generated methoxylated-PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs). PBDE concentrations ranged from 6 to 1797 ng/g lw (mean 166 ` 298 ng/g lw) and were similar to those observed in cetaceans from Northern Hemisphere. PBBs were found in all sampling locations (<LOQ to 57 ng/g lw). DBDPE was detected in 42% of the dolphins from the most industrialized Brazilian state and the concentrations ranging from <LOQ to 352 ng/g lw. Franciscana dolphins from the tropical Brazilian shore presented the highest MeO-PBDE concentrations ever reported for coastal cetaceans (up to 14 mg/g lw). Eight MeO-PBDE congeners were detected and the present investigation constituted the first record of occurrence of six of them in marine mammal livers. The full text and pdf are available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026974911200276X http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412012001377 For any questions or pdf requests please email: Mariana Alonso: alonso.mb(a)gmail.com <skj3(a)st-andrews.ac.uk> Best regards, Mariana Alonso -- *Mariana Batha Alonso* *PhD Student* * * *Biophysics **Institute**, **Federal **University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil* *Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Lab, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Projeto BioPesca, São Paulo, Brazil*

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New publication - Using eDNA to detect marine mammals
by Andy Foote 29 Aug '12

29 Aug '12

Dear Colleagues, We have just published details of a study in which we have investigated the ability to detect species presence by amplifying ‘environmental DNA’ (eDNA) in samples of seawater. For this proof of concept study we used small samples (15-50 ml) and targeted sequencing to allow direct comparison with published freshwater studies, but this meant we had a high proportion of false negative detections. However, our colleagues have used filtrate from larger volumes of seawater and using the Roche GS FLX 454 pyrosequencing have been able to detect a number of fish species comparable with, or even bettering, results from traditional survey methods for the same area. eDNA sampling therefore has the potential to compliment current acoustic and visual survey methods if the question is one regarding species presence/absence. It should be noted that eDNA is very fragmented, often <100bp, and this sampling method is not a suitable alternative to biopsy sampling for population genetics. Below are the links to access both papers. PLoS One is open access and so everyone with internet access should be able to get a copy. Foote AD, Thomsen PF, Sveegaard S, Wahlberg M, Kielgast J, Kyhn LA, Salling AB, Galatius A, Orlando L, Gilbert MTP (2012) Investigating the potential use of environmental DNA (eDNA) for genetic monitoring of marine mammals. PLoS one http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0041781 Thomsen PF, Kielgast J, Lønsmann Iversen L, Rask Møller P, Ramussen M, Willerslev E (2012) Detection of a diverse marine fish fauna using environmental DNA from seawater samples. PLoS one http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0041732 Andy Foote -- *Dr Andrew Foote* *Centre for GeoGenetics* The Natural History Museum of Denmark Øster Voldgade 5 - 7 1350 Copenhagen K

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Stranded Sea Leopard advice
by Constanza Cifuentes Ortiz 29 Aug '12

29 Aug '12

Dear all, I'm a veterinarian graduated student in Chile, and i would like to borrow a space here to ask for any kind of advice if it's possible. A sea leopard (*Hydrurga leptonyx*) is stranded in Talcahuano (VIII Region of Chile) and here are a few volunteers taking care of this animal. It seems like the sea leopard has pneumonia, a fracture and some injures on its tail. For the treatment, i was thinking of: *Acetylcistein*: 20% solution nebulizer BID-QID *Aminophylline*: 5,5 mg/kg PO, BID I don't know if the doses would be fine to a sea leopard. I'm very far from this animal, because I’m from Santiago. But i a veterinarian already have diagnostic the animal. I don't think they will make a cultive to see the agent. But, would you treat it with antibiotics also? Which would be the best for this seal and which dose? I read that parasitism is a very common cause of pneumonia in pinnipeds. Would you treat it with Fenbendazole also? (11 mg/kg PO SID (two doses)) If anyone could give us some information we will be very grateful. Thank you! *M. Constanza Cifuentes Ortiz* *conocifuentes(a)gmail.com** * *Medicina Veterinaria* *Universidad Mayor*

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Request: PAM, sperm whales and seismic surveys
by Livermore, Sharon 27 Aug '12

27 Aug '12

Dear Marmamers, We are currently looking for any papers, studies, theses or other written content relating to the use of passive acoustic monitoring to detect sperm whales during seismic surveying (specifically oil and gas). Any assistance that anyone can offer with this request would be greatly appreciated - please email me at the address below. Many thanks in advance, Sharon Sharon Livermore | Marine Campaigner ___________________________________________________________ IFAW - International Fund for Animal Welfare Oceania Office 6 Belmore Street, Surry Hillis, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. tel. +61 (0)9288 4984 mob. +61 (0)410 815 650 email. slivermore(a)ifaw.org <mailto:slivermore@ifaw.org> Saving Animals in Crisis Around the World www.ifaw.org <http://www.ifaw.orgjoin/> The content of this email is intended only for the use of the above-named addressee and may contain information that is confidential, proprietary, and/or legally privileged. Please notify the sender if you received this email in error.

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New publication on Brazilian manatee genetic
by Fabia Luna 27 Aug '12

27 Aug '12

** Dear colleagues,**** We are pleased to announce the publication of a paper that may be of interest to some of you.**** Luna, F. O., Bonde, R. K., Attademo, F. L. N., Saunders, J. W., Meigs-Friend, G., Passavante, J. Z. O. and Hunter, M. E. (2012), Phylogeographic implications for release of critically endangered manatee calves rescued in Northeast Brazil. Aquatic Conserv: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst.. doi: 10.1002/aqc.2260**** http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aqc.2260/abstract**** Abstract**** 1. The Antillean manatee (*Trichechus manatus manatus*), a subspecies of the West Indian manatee, is a large-bodied marine mammal found in fresh, brackish, and marine habitats throughout the Caribbean Islands and Central and South America. Antillean manatees in Brazil are classified as critically endangered, with a census size of approximately 500 individuals. The population in the Northeast region of Brazil is suspected to have approximately 300 manatees and is threatened by habitat alteration and incidental entanglement in fishing gear.**** 2. A high incidence of dependent calf strandings have been identified near areas of altered critical manatee habitat. The majority of the calves are neonates, discovered alive, with no potential mothers nearby. These calves typically require human intervention to survive.**** 3. Since 1989 the calves have been rescued (N=67), rehabilitated, and released (N=25) to supplement the small wild manatee population. The rescued calves, and those born in captivity, are typically, not released to their rescue location, mainly for logistical reasons. Therefore, phylogeographic analyses can help to identify related populations and appropriate release sites.**** 4. Here, mitochondrial DNA analyses identified low haplotype (*h*=0.08) and nucleotide (π=0.0026) genetic diversity in three closely related haplotypes. All three haplotypes (M01, M03, and a previously unidentified haplotype, M04) were found in the northern portion of the region, while only a single haplotype (M01) was represented in the south. This suggests the presence of two genetic groups with a central mixing zone. Release of rehabilitated calves to unrelated populations may result in genetic swamping of locally adapted alleles or genotypes, limiting the evolutionary potential of the population.**** 5. The small population size coupled with low genetic diversity indicates that the Northeast Brazil manatee population is susceptible to inbreeding depression and possible local extinction. Further conservation measures incorporating genetic information could be beneficial to the critically endangered Brazilian manatee population.**** ** ** Please, fill free to contact me for a pdf copy or if you have any question.* *** Best regards,**** -- M.Sc. Fábia Luna Coordenadora do CMA/ICMBio Analista Ambiental - ICMBio PhD. candidate Centro Mamíferos Aquáticos-CMA/ICMBio Estrada do Forte Orange s/n Ilha de Itamaracá - PE - Brasil CEP: 53.900-000 Fone: + 55 (81) 3544-1835 E-mail: fabialunacma(a)gmail.com Currículo Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/8912525041395967

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Aquatic Mammals 38.3 now available
by Kathleen M. Dudzinski 27 Aug '12

27 Aug '12

Dear MARMAM and ECS-talk subscribers, Apologies to those of you who will receive duplicate emails due to cross-posting. The following titles represent the contents of the most recent issue (Volume 38, issue 3, 2012) of Aquatic Mammals. The online issue is now available. For individuals with a print subscription, the joint hard copy of 38.3/38.4 will be mailed in December. Aquatic Mammals is the longest running peer-reviewed journal dedicated to research on aquatic mammals and is published quarterly with manuscripts available as published PDFs in real time. Further information about the journal can be found at: http://www.aquaticmammalsjournal.org/ Instructions for authors and formatting guidelines can be found in the first volume of each issue and at this link: http://tinyurl.com/AMauthorinstructions To submit a manuscript for publication consideration, please visit: http://am.expressacademic.org/actions/author.php If you subscribe to Aquatic Mammals online, you can visit the journal web site and sign in to download all articles from this volume:http://www.aquaticmammalsjournal.org/ Please do not contact the listserve editors for PDFs or copies of the articles. To obtain a PDF, please subscribe to Aquatic Mammalshttp://tinyurl.com/AMsubscribe or contact the corresponding author for reprints. Links to a purchase page for each article are also included below. Please see list below for Volume 38, issue 3 contents. Thank you for your continued interest in the journal and abstract postings. With regards, Kathleen Dudzinski, Ph.D. Editor, Aquatic Mammals aquaticmammals(a)gmail.com ******************* S. Bexton, D. Thompson, A. Brownlow, J. Barley, R. Milne, & C. Bidewell: Unusual Mortality of Pinnipeds in the United Kingdom Associated with Helical (Corkscrew) Injuries of Anthropogenic Origin. Aquatic Mammals, 38(2), 229-240, DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1578/AM.38.3.2012.229 R. Stafford-Bell, M. Scarr, & C. Scarpaci: Behavioural Responses of the Australian Fur Seal (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) to Vessel Traffic and Presence of Swimmers in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia. Aquatic Mammals, 38(2), 241-249, DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1578/AM.38.3.2012.241 D. Bloch, G. Desportes, P. Harvey, C. Lockyer, & B. Mikkelsen: Life History of Risso’s Dolphin (Grampus griseus) (G. Cuvier, 1812) in the Faroe Islands. Aquatic Mammals, 38(2), 250-266, DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1578/AM.38.3.2012.250 A. Steiner: Temporal Determinants of Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) Activity in the Port River Estuary (Adelaide, South Australia). Aquatic Mammals, 38(2), 267-278, DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1578/AM.38.3.2012.267 M. W. Demarchi, M. Holst, D. Robichaud, M. Waters, & A. O. MacGillivray: Responses of Stellar Sea Lions (Eumetopias jubatus) to In-Air Blast Noise from Military Explosions. Aquatic Mammals, 38(2), 279-289, DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1578/AM.38.3.2012.279 M. L. Bills & E. O. Keith: Historical Abundance and Spatial Distribution of the Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Along the Southeast Coast of the United States. Aquatic Mammals, 38(2), 290-300, DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1578/AM.38.3.2012.290 S. M. Wilkin, J. Cordaro, F. M. D. Gulland, E. Wheeler, R. Dunkin, T. Sigler, D. Casper, M. Berman, M. Flannery, S. Fire, Z. Wang, K. Colegrove, & J. Baker: An Unusual Mortality Event of Harbor Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) Off Central California: Increase in Blunt Trauma Rather Than an Epizootic. Aquatic Mammals, 38(2), 301-310, DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1578/AM.38.3.2012.301 F. Félix & N. Botero-Acosta: Evaluating Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) Social Behaviour Through Sexing Active Individuals. Aquatic Mammals, 38(2), 311-316, DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1578/AM.38.3.2012.311 C. K. M. Kolesnikovas, K. R. Groch, K. R. Groch, A. N. de Moraes, P. A. C. Flores, D. J. Pretto, R. R. Freitas, M. C. Gaidzinski, L. M. de P. Moreira, & M. E. C. da Rocha: Euthanasia of an Adult Southern Right Whale (Eubalaena australis) in Brazil. Aquatic Mammals, 38(2), 317-321, DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1578/AM.38.3.2012.317 M. G. Guterres-Pazin, F. C. W. Rosas, & M. Marmontel: Ingestion of Invertebrates, Seeds, and Plastic by the Amazonian Manatee (Trichechus inunguis) (Mammalia, Sirenia). Aquatic Mammals, 38(2), 322-324, DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1578/AM.38.3.2012.322 S. Piwetz, S. Hung, J. Wang, D. Lundquist, & B. Würsig: Influence of Vessel Traffic on Movements of Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins (Sousa chinensis) Off Lantau Island, Hong Kong. Aquatic Mammals, 38(2), 325-331, DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1578/AM.38.3.2012.325

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New paper on population viability of Antillean manatees
by Nataly Castelblanco 26 Aug '12

26 Aug '12

Dear colleagues, We are pleased to inform that the following paper has just been published (Apologies for cross-posting!): *Castelblanco-Martínez D, Nourisson C, Quintana-Rizzo E, Padilla-Saldivar J, Schmitter-Soto J. 2012. Potential effects of human pressure and habitat fragmentation on population viability of the Antillean manatee Trichechus manatus manatus: a predictive model. Endanger Spec Res. 18:129-145. *[ http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/esr/v18/n2/p129-145/] ABSTRACT: We present a population viability analysis for the metapopulation of the Antillean manatee *Trichechus manatus manatus* with the aim of predicting its tendencies under various hypothetical scenarios of conservation. Multiple individual Monte Carlo simulations of deterministic and stochastic factors were run on VORTEX 9.73 software. Populations were defined using genetic structure, geographic barriers, and typical ranging behavior. Demographic characteristics and life history parameters were inferred from the most recent compilation of information on the subspecies or were extrapolated from the Florida manatee *T. m. latirostris*. The baseline model describes a metapopulation with a positive growth. This model was sensitive to changes in mortality, but did not show any significant response to variations in assumed carrying capacity, age at first reproduction, maximum reproductive age, or initial population size. We simulated different scenarios by modifying human pressure, habitat fragmentation, and catastrophic events (i.e. hurricanes). Additional combined models were developed to simulate the best- and worst-case scenarios for human pressure level and fragmentation. The model suggested that the metapopulation would not be able to withstand an annual anthropogenically induced mortality rate >5%. A decrease in the survival of transient individuals could also lead to a decline of the population. Variations of the hurricane parameters did not yield important changes in the population curves, but other effects of climatic change are discussed. The extensive geographical area used by manatees requires international collaboration to ensure the protection of the metapopulation through effective conservation strategies across countries. KEY WORDS: Population ecology · *Trichechus manatus manatus* · Human-related mortality · Connectivity · Tropical ecosystems · VORTEX More information upon request from me (castelblanco.nataly(a)gmail.com) -- Nataly Castelblanco-Martínez, Ph.D El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||

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Contents - Journal of Cetacean Research and Management - Supplement to Volume 13 - 2012
by Dagmar Fertl 23 Aug '12

23 Aug '12

Dear Marmam and ECS-mailbase subscribers, Apologies to those of you who will receive duplicate emails due to cross-posting. The International Whaling Commission (IWC) publishes The Journal of Cetacean Research and Management thrice yearly (Spring, Autumn, and Winter), with at least one supplement that will contain the full report of the IWC Scientific Committee. The following is posted on behalf of the IWC and the journal editor. Further information can be found at: http://www.iwcoffice.org/publications/JCRM.htm. A guide for authors is included in the first volume of each issue and on the IWC website: http://www.iwcoffice.org/publications/authorsguide.htm. Contact information is provided for the corresponding author for each article. Please do not contact the listserve editors or me for pdfs or copies of the articles. Thank you for your continued interest in the journal and abstract postings. With regards, Dagmar Fertl ************************************* The latest publication of JRCM is the supplement to Volume 13 (April 2012). The editor notes that Volume 13 Supplement was required for the IWC’s Annual Meeting that was held recently, so this volume had to be published before Volume 12(2) which will follow later; apologies for the inconvenience caused by the delay. This supplement to JCRM contains the Report of the Scientific Committee from its Annual Meeting held from 30 May – 11 June 2011 in Tromsø, Norway. The supplement also contains the reports of seven intersessional meetings: (1) the Report of the Workshop on Small Cetaceans and Climate Changes held in November-December 2010 in Vienna, Austria; (2) the Report of the 2011 AWMP Workshop with a focus on Eastern Gray Whales, held in March-April 2011 in La Jolla, USA; (3) the Report of the First RMP Intersessional Workshop for Western North Pacific Common Minke Whales held in December 2010 in Pusan, Republic of Korea, incorporating the Preparatory Meeting for this Workshop held in September 2010 in Tokyo, Japan; (4) the Report of the Intersessional IA Workshop on Estimating Abundance of Antarctic Minke Whales held in January 2010 in Bergen, Norway; (5) the Report of the Workshop on Planning for an IWC Co-ordinated North Pacific Research Cruise Programme held in September-October 2010 in Tokyo, Japan; (6) the Final Report on the Assessment of the Southern Hemisphere Humpback Whale Breeding Stock B held in Tromsø, Norway in June 2011; and also (7) the Report of the Workshop on Welfare Issues Associated with the Entanglement of Large Whales held in April 2010 in Kihei, Maui, Hawaii. A review of the taxonomy, population structure and status of Ziphiids of the North Atlantic and Mediterranean formed the focus of the Committee’s work on small cetaceans. Other populations of small cetaceans that were of notable concern included the vaquita; franciscanas off the coast of South America; and narwhals and white whales in West Greenland.

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Abstracts - Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, Vol. 12(1), 2012
by Dagmar Fertl 23 Aug '12

23 Aug '12

Dear Marmam and ECS-mailbase subscribers, Apologies to those of you who will receive duplicate emails due to cross-posting. The following are abstracts from the most recent issue (Volume 12, issue 1, 2012) of the Journal of Cetacean Research and Management. The International Whaling Commission (IWC) publishes The Journal of Cetacean Research and Management thrice yearly (Spring, Autumn, and Winter), with at least one supplement that will contain the full report of the IWC Scientific Committee. The following is posted on behalf of the IWC and the journal editor. Further information can be found at: http://www.iwcoffice.org/publications/JCRM.htm. A guide for authors is included in the first volume of each issue and on the IWC website: http://www.iwcoffice.org/publications/authorsguide.htm. Contact information is provided for the corresponding author for each article. Please do not contact the listserve editors or me for pdfs or copies of the articles. Thank you for your continued interest in the journal and abstract postings. With regards, Dagmar Fertl ************************************* Heide-Jørgensen, M.P.*, K.L. Laidre, R.G. Hansen, M.L. Burt, M. Simon, D.L. Borchers, J. Hansen, K. Harding, M. Rasmussen, R. Dietz, and J. Teilmann. 2012. Rate of increase and current abundance of humpback whales in West Greenland. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 12(1):1-14. *Contact e-mail: mhj(a)ghsdk.dk Aerial line transect surveys of the density of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) conducted off West Greenland eight times between 1984 and 2007 were used to estimate the rate of increase on the summer feeding ground. Only surveys in 1993, 2005 and 2007 had enough sightings to construct independent density estimates, whereas the surveys in 1984–85 and 1987–89 had to be merged and treated as two surveys. The annual rate of increase was 9.4% yr–1 (SE = 0.01) between 1984 and 2007. This rate of increase is higher than the increase estimated at the breeding grounds in the West Indies, but is of the same magnitude as the observed rate of increase at other feeding grounds in the North Atlantic. A matrix model based on observed life history parameters revealed that the theoretical growth rate of a humpback whale population ranged between 1 and 11%. This confirms that the observed growth in West Greenland is within the plausible values. The survey in 2007 was used to make a fully corrected abundance estimate including corrections for whales that were submerged during the passage of the survey plane. The line transect estimate for 2007 was 1,020 (CV = 0.35). When the estimate was corrected for perception bias with mark-recapture distance sampling (MRDS) methods, the abundance increased to 1,505 (0.49). A correction for availability bias was developed based on time-depth-recorder information on the time spent at the surface (0–4m). However, used directly this correction leads to a positively-biased abundance estimate and instead a correction was developed for the non-instantaneous visual sighting process in an aircraft. The resulting estimate for 2007 was 3,272 (CV = 0.50) for the MRDS analysis. An alternative strip census estimate deploying a strip width of 300m resulted in 995 (0.33) whales. Correction for perception bias resulted in 991 (0.35) whales and corrected for the same availability bias as for the MRDS method resulted in a fully corrected estimate of 2,154 (0.36) humpback whales in West Greenland in 2007. ************************ Punt, A. E.*, and P.R. Wade. 2012. Population status of the eastern North Pacific stock of gray whales in 2009. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 12(1): 15-28. *Contact e-mail: aepunt(a)u.washington.edu An age- and sex-structured population dynamics model is fitted using Bayesian methods to data on the catches and abundance estimates for the Eastern North Pacific (ENP) stock of gray whales. The prior distributions used for these analyses incorporate revised estimates of abundance for ENP gray whales and account explicitly for the drop in abundance caused by the 1999–2000 mortality event. A series of analyses are conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of the results to different assumptions. The model fits the available data adequately, but, as in previous assessments, the measures of uncertainty associated with the survey-based abundance estimates are found to be negatively biased. The data support the inclusion of the 1999–2000 mortality event in the model, and accounting for this event leads to greater uncertainty regarding the current status of the resource. The baseline analysis estimates the ENP gray whale population to be above the maximum sustainable yield level (MSYL) with high probability (0.884). The posterior mean for the ratio of 2009 (1+) abundance to MSYL is 1.29 (with a posterior median of 1.37 and a 90% probability interval of 0.68–1.51). These results are consistent across all the model runs conducted. The baseline model also estimates the 2009 ENP gray whale population size (posterior mean of 20,366) to be at 85% of its carrying capacity (posterior mean of 25,808), and this is also consistent across all the model runs. The baseline model estimate of the maximum rate of increase, λmax, is 1.062 which, while high, is nevertheless within the range of estimates obtained for other baleen whales. ******************************* Salgado Kent, C., C. Jenner, M. Jenner, P. Bouchet, and E. Rexstad. 2012. Southern Hemisphere Breeding Stock D humpback whale population estimates from North West Cape, Western Australia. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 12(1):29-38. *Contact e-mail: c.salgado(a)cmst.curtin.edu.au Estimates of the abundance of Breeding Stock D humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are key to the conservation and management of what is thought to be one of the largest populations of the species. Five years (2000, 2001, 2006, 2007 and 2008) of aerial surveys carried out over an eight-year period at North West Cape (Western Australia) using line transect methodology allowed trends in whale numbers to be investigated, and provided a base for comparison with estimates made approximately 400km south at Shark Bay (Western Australia). A total of 3,127 whale detections were made during 74 surveys of the 7,043km2 study area west of NWC. Pod abundance for each flight was computed using a Horvitz-Thompson like estimator and converted to an absolute measure of abundance after corrections were made for estimated mean cluster size, unsurveyed time, swimming speed and animal availability. Resulting estimates from the migration model of best fit with the most credible assumptions were 7,276 (CI = 4,993–10,167) for 2000, 12,280 (CI = 6,830–49,434) for 2001, 18,692 (CI = 12,980–24,477) for 2006, 20,044 (CI =13,815–31,646) for 2007, and 26,100 (CI = 20,152–33,272) for 2008. Based on these data, the trend model with the greatest r2 was exponential with an annual increase rate of 13% (CI = 5.6%–18.1%). While this value is above the species’ estimated maximum plausible growth rate of 11.8%, it is reasonably close to previous reports of between 10–12%. The coefficient of variation, however, was too large for a reliable trend estimate. Perception bias was also not accounted for in these calculations. Based on a crude appraisal which yielded an estimated p(0) of 0.783 (from independent observer effort, CV = 0.973), the 2008 humpback population size may be as large as 33,300. In conclusion, the work here provides evidence of an increasing Breeding Stock D population, but further surveys are necessary to confirm whether the population is indeed increasing at its maximum rate. ********** Ferguson, M.C. 2012. Quantifying spatial characteristics of the Bowhead Whale Aerial Survey Project (BWASP) survey design. Journal of Cetacean Research Management 12(1):39-44. Contact e-mail: Megan.Ferguson(a)noaa.gov The Bowhead Whale Aerial Survey Project (BWASP) has been conducted annually since 19769 in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea to monitor the distribution and relative abundance of the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort (BCB) stock of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) during their autumn migration. BWASP was created to specifically address broad-scale research and management questions related to bowhead whale ecology, with particular interest in the potential effects of oil and natural gas exploration, development and production activities on the BCB bowhead whales. With elevated concerns about climate change, increasing oil and gas activities and the forecasted increase in vessel traffic, it is expected that interest in the BWASP dataset will also increase in order to evaluate effects of these anthropogenic activities on BCB bowhead whales and indigenous whaling. The following analysis quantified the spatial characteristics of the BWASP survey design and provided guidelines for the types of investigations that the BWASP data can potentially address. Sampling lags (transect spacing) in the BWASP survey design of approximately 20km along the east/west axis of the study area limit the spatial scale of phenomena that can be detected using data from a single BWASP survey. Therefore, BWASP data are relatively uninformative for studying variability in distribution or relative abundance along the east/west axis over short time scales (one survey) and within small areas measuring less than approximately 20km. In addition, computer simulations showed spatial heterogeneity in the long-term survey coverage probability (the probability that a given location will be included in a survey having an assumed effective search width under the BWASP survey design). Pooled transects created from simulated surveys resulted in a repeating diamond pattern in which coverage probability was low. Analyses incorporating data from many BWASP surveys should account for this spatial heterogeneity, via either the survey coverage probabilities or quantification of survey effort; otherwise estimates of variables such as relative density, density, or habitat use may be biased. The BWASP surveys have increased understanding of the broad-scale patterns of bowhead distribution, relative abundance and behaviour. The utility of this dataset in informing other questions will depend upon the scale of the ecological phenomena under investigation and the analytical scales used to address the questions. *************** Palacios, D.M.*, J.C. Herreira, T. Gerrodette, C. García, G.A. Soler, I.C. Avila, S. Bessudo, S., E. Hernández, F. Trujillo, L. Flórez-González, and I. Kerr. 2012. Cetacean distribution and relative abundance in Colombia's Pacific EEZ from survey cruises and platforms of opportunity. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 12(1):45-60. *Contact e-mail: Daniel.Palacios(a)noaa.gov Cetacean sighting data collected under various programmes in Colombian Pacific waters were collated with the goal of assessing the distribution and abundance patterns of all species occurring in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Distribution maps are presented for 19 species and one genus based on 603 sightings collected between 1986 and 2008. Ordered by sighting frequency, these species were: humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae); striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba); common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus); pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata); common dolphin (Delphinus delphis); Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus); sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus); rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis); short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus); mesoplodont whales (Mesoplodon spp.); Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris); melon-headed whale (Peponocephala electra); false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens); killer whale (Orcinus orca); spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris); dwarf sperm whale (Kogia sima); Bryde’s whale (Balaenoptera edeni); pygmy killer whale (Feresa attenuata); minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) and fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus). Concentrations of sightings were observed in three geographic areas: (1) the continental shelf (depths <200m) and the contiguous continental slope (200–2,000m); (2) over the Malpelo Ridge, an offshore bathymetric feature and (3) the northeast corner of the EEZ between Golfo de Cupica and the border with Panamá, although we do not rule out that these patterns could be an artifact of non-random effort. In inshore waters, the most frequently seen species were pantropical spotted dolphin, common bottlenose dolphin and humpback whale. For several of the data sets we provide encounter rates as indices of relative abundance, but urge caution in their interpretation because of methodological limitations and because several factors that affect sightability could not be accounted for in these estimates. Our results provide useful information for ongoing regional research and conservation initiatives aimed at determining occurrence, population status and connectivity within adjacent EEZs in the eastern tropical Pacific. Suggested research priorities include conducting dedicated surveys designed for estimating abundance and monitoring trends throughout the EEZ and focused studies in areas of special interest like the continental shelf, the Malpelo Ridge and the vicinity of Cupica and Cabo Marzo. More research is also needed in terms of quantifying the sources and impact of anthropogenic mortality on population size. Studies characterising genetic diversity and stock discreteness in coastal species (pantropical spotted dolphin and common bottlenose dolphin) would help inform local management strategies. ******************* Olson, P.A.*, P. Ensor, and S. Kuningas. 2012. Observations of killer whales off East Antarctica, 82°-95°E, in 2009. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 12(1):61-64. *Contact e-mail: Paula.Olson(a)noaa.gov Observations of killer whales (Orcinus orca) during a survey off East Antarctica, 82°-95°E revealed previously undescribed variations in pigmentation and group associations. During the survey 24 killer whale groups were sighted south of 60°S and classified, when possible, to Types A, B, or C based on their external morphology. Sufficient observation was available for nine groups to be classified: 2 groups of Type A; 1 mixed group of Type A and Type B; 3 groups of Type C; and 3 groups with eyepatch pigmentation intermediate in size between Types B and C. These whales may represent an intergrade between Types B and C or a previously unrecognised form. One of the ‘intermediate’ groups was observed feeding in a multi-species aggregation with other cetaceans in deep water. Clearly distinguishable Type A and Type B whales were observed feeding together in a mixed aggregation, the first time that this has been documented. ************** Silva, M. A.*, L. Steiner, I. Cascão, M.J. Cruz, R. Prieto, T. Cole, P.K. Hamilton, and M. Baumgartner. 2012. Winter sighting of a known western North Atlantic right whale in the Azores. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 12(1):65-69. *Contact e-mail: monica(a)uac.pt A right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) from the western North Atlantic population, sighted in the Azores, was subsequently found to have moved back to the northwest Atlantic. The whale was sighted in the Azores on 5 January 2009 travelling in a west-south westerly direction at a constant speed. A photographic match was found to an adult female in the North Atlantic Right Whale Catalogue. The whale’s previous last sighting, on 24 September 2008 in the Bay of Fundy, Canada, implies movement to the Azores of at least 3,320km in 101 days. It was subsequently resighted in the Bay of Fundy on 2 September 2009, 237 days after being seen in the Azores. This appears to be the only documented evidence of a western North Atlantic right whale outside its normal range in winter, and provides additional evidence of the potential for interbreeding between western North Atlantic right whales and the remnant eastern population. **** Félix, F.*, S. Caballero, and C. Olavarría. 2012. Genetic diversity and population structure of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) from Ecuador based on mitochondrial DNA analyses. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 12(1):71-77. *Contact e-mail: fefelix90(a)hotmail.com Information on the genetic characterisation of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) wintering off Ecuador (Breeding Stock G) is presented. Mitochondrial DNA was extracted and sequenced from 230 skin samples collected between 2002 and 2008 to establish the genetic diversity of this population. From 182 usable samples, 41 different haplotypes were found, eight of which were new and unique. Haplotype diversity (h ± SD) was estimated to be 0.922 ± 0.012 and the nucleotide diversity (π ± SD) 0.019 ± 0.009. A comparison with other areas within the Southeast Pacific (Colombia and Magellan Strait) and the Antarctic Peninsula suggested panmixia within Breeding Stock G, even though significant differentiation was found with Magellan Strait (p < 0.0001 in both FST and ΦST). An additional analysis with the exact test of population differentiation showed significant differences in haplotype frequencies between breeding areas in Ecuador and southern Colombia (p < 0.01), suggesting some level of stratification at breeding grounds as supported by photo-identification studies. The Ecuadorian dataset included haplotypes reported in all three Southern Hemisphere ocean basins indicating recent gene flow within the Southern Hemisphere. The population showed a male-biased sex ratio in adult animals of 2.16:1. Further research and a larger number of samples from breeding areas in the north (Panama and Costa Rica) are required to appropriately assess the extent of structure in this population. ********* Gendron, D.,* and A. Ugalde de la Cruz. 2012. A new classification method to simplify blue whale photo-identification technique. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 12(1):79-84. *Contact e-mail: dgendron(a)ipn.mx Individual identification of blue whales is based on unique pigmentation patterns. Historically photo identification has been based on the pigmentation patterns observed on a large portion of the animal’s flanks. The new classification method presented here is based primarily on seven dorsal fin shapes and secondarily on five pigmentation patterns selected from a minor portion of the flank adjacent to the dorsal fin. This classification is then applied to a blue whale catalogue that comprises 621 individuals photo-identified in the waters adjacent to the Baja California Peninsula in Mexico. The classification system adequately divides the number of individuals per dorsal fin category and pigmentation patterns. It has been useful not only for reducing time and for matching photographs more efficiently but also has facilitated the finding of intra-catalogue photographic recaptures or photo-recaptures and has enhanced the efficiency of the field work. This new classification method should be considered by other blue whale researchers and for future inter-catalogue comparisons. ************ Hardy, T.*, R. Williams, R. Caslake, and N. Tregenza. 2012. An investigation of acoustic deterrent devices to reduce cetacean bycatch in an inshore set net fishery. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 12(1):85-90. Contact e-mail: tom.hardy(a)cornwallwildlifetrust.org.uk In Europe, problems with the use of pingers on larger fishing vessels have raised the question as to whether pingers would be practical on smaller vessels, which are a large proportion of the European static net fishing fleet. In this study, four netting vessels less than 10m long used AQUAmark pingers on part of their nets off the southwest coast of Britain over a 12 month period. Boat skippers recorded ease of use. Acoustic click detectors were deployed on test and control nets to assess the response of cetaceans to the pingers. No significant practical problems, apart from premature failure of pingers, were encountered. During the study, only one harbour porpoise was bycaught, in an unpingered net. In 650 days of acoustic data from pingered and nonpingered nets, matched by location, date and boat, there was a highly significant reduction in the number of porpoise clicks recorded at nets with pingers to 48% of the number predicted from the number recorded at control nets (range 35–51%). To assess habituation, single, modified pingers that were active for alternate seven hour periods were moored below a click detector at two sites, one of which has strong tides and high levels of associated ambient noise. This study showed a stronger pinger effect at the quiet site and a much reduced effect at the noisy site. There was evidence of a period of exclusion of porpoises following pinger use that could exceed seven hours, and no evidence of habituation. Results suggest that pingers are practical on small vessels, that they reduce harbour porpoise activity around nets and are therefore likely to reduce bycatch. Easier means of detecting pinger failure are needed. Pingers should be considered as a bycatch mitigation method in small vessel fisheries using bottom set nets. ************ McDonald, T. L.*, W.J. Richardson, C.R. Greene, Jr., S.B. Blackwell, C.S. Nations, R.M. Nielson, and B. Streever. 2012. Detecting changes in the distribution of calling bowhead whales exposed to fluctuating anthropogenic sounds. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, 12(1):91-106. *Contact e-mail: mcdonald(a)west-inc.com This paper describes an analysis approach designed to detect the effects of fluctuating anthropogenic underwater sound on the distribution of calling bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) during migration. The anthropogenic sounds in this case were associated with an offshore oil production island (Northstar Island) in the Beaufort Sea northwest of Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, but the method has wider applicability. In autumn, bowhead whales migrate westward at varying distances offshore where some are exposed to Northstar sounds. Anthropogenic effects, if present, were hypothesized to be most pronounced in the southern (proximal) part of the migration corridor. Underwater sound levels were measured continuously ca. 500m from Northstar, and locations of calling whales were determined by a seafloor array of directional acoustical recorders. Weighted quantile regression related the 5th quantile of offshore call distance to anthropogenic sounds and other covariates. Case weights were inversely proportional to both probability of detection and location uncertainty. Due to potential dependencies in call locations, block permutation of uncorrelated whale call clusters was used to assign significance levels to coefficients in the quantile regression model. Statistical model selection was used to determine the anthropogenic sound measures most correlated with the 5th quantile of offshore call distances, after allowing for natural within-season variation quantified by day–night changes, distance of the call east or west of Northstar, and date. Data used to illustrate the method were collected over 29 days in September 2003 and included 25,176 bowhead calls. The estimated offshore distance of the 5th quantile call was 0.67km (95% confidence interval 0.31 to 1.05km) farther offshore when tones associated with Northstar were recorded in the 10–450Hz band during the 15 minutes just prior to each call. The method has been applied successfully to similar data collected near Northstar in other years, and may be useful in other studies that simultaneously collect data on animal locations and fluctuating stimuli. **** Litz, J. A.*, C.R. Hughes, L.P. Garrison, L.A. Fieber, and P.A. Rosel. 2012. Genetic structure of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) inhabiting adjacent South Florida estuaries – Biscayne Bay and Florida Bay. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, 12, 107-117. *Contact e-mail: jenny.litz(a)noaa.gov Coastal common bottlenose dolphins show a variety of migration and residency patterns adding to the difficulty of defining stocks for management purposes. Genetic structure plays an important role in identifying population stocks of dolphins. This study examines genetic differentiation in common bottlenose dolphins both between two social groups occurring in Biscayne Bay, Florida and between Biscayne Bay and an adjacent group of dolphins in Florida Bay. Skin biopsy samples were sequenced at the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and genotyped at microsatellite loci. Significant genetic differentiation was found between bottlenose dolphins in Biscayne Bay and Florida Bay (mtDNA FST = 0.139, p ≤ 0.001; microsatellite FST = 0.042, p ≤ 0.001) supporting independent management stock status for these two populations. Within Biscayne Bay, evidence of weak but significant population differentiation was found between the two social groups using microsatellite markers (FST = 0.0149, p ≤ 0.009); however, differentiation was not evident from the mtDNA-based estimates of FST and φST. The lack of differentiation at mtDNA coupled with field observations indicating overlapping home ranges for these two groups suggests ongoing, though perhaps low, levels of interbreeding. These data are insufficient to warrant splitting the Biscayne Bay management stock at this time. **** Ritter, F. 2012. Collisions of sailing vessels with cetaceans worldwide: First insights into a seemingly growing problem. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 12(1): 119-127. *Contact e-mail: ritter(a)m-e-e-r.de Vessel-whale collisions are of growing concern worldwide, but information about collisions involving sailing vessels is especially scarce. This study represents the first global quantification of this kind. A total of 111 collisions and 57 near misses were identified, spanning from 1966 until 2010; 75% of cases was reported for the period from 2002–2010, suggesting an increasing trend. Reported collisions and near misses occurred on all oceans, often during ocean races and regattas, and were most frequent in the North Atlantic. Vessel type and speed as well as circumstances of the incident varied widely, but most often monohulls were involved, predominantly sailing at speeds between 5 and 10 knots. Most reports referred to ‘large whales’ as opposed to ‘small whales’ or ‘dolphins’. The species could be identified in 54 cases. Most recognised animals were humpback or sperm whales. Injuries to the whales varied strongly from ‘not visible’ to ‘dead after collision’, but mostly could not be determined. Sailing crew members were hurt in several cases, including collisions occurring at low speeds, and collisions often damaged vessels, including major impairment and seven cases of vessel loss. The findings presented here suggest that elevated vessel speed contributes to a higher risk of collisions. Conversely, the outcome of a collision (e.g. injury to whale or crew, damage to vessel) appears not to be a direct function of vessel speed. Several measures are discussed which potentially can contribute to mitigating the problem, including placing watchposts, an open dialogue with regatta organisers, changes in the design of regattas and ocean races and public outreach initiatives. **** Gibbs, M. 2012. Whale catches from 19th century shore stations in Western Australia. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 12(1):129-135. *Contact e-mail: martin.gibbs(a)sydney.edu.au This paper presents historical data from 19th century shore whaling stations along the Western Australian coast, complementing data already presented in an earlier 1985 analysis. In particular, catch records of the Castle Rock whaling station, Geographe Bay, Western Australia, for the period 1846-53 together with other contemporary records indicate that humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) comprised the majority of the colonial shore whalers’ catch. It is suggested that this could have been a result of a significant presence of American whale ships in the region in the early 1840s, which had presumably already reduced southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) numbers by the time these detailed colonial records were kept. ***** Coughran, D. K.*, I. Stiles, and P.R. Mawson. 2012. Euthanasia of beached humpback whales using explosives. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 12(1):137-144. Contact e-mail: Douglas.Coughran(a)dec.wa.gov.au A method for the safe and effective euthanasia of large beached humpback whales using explosives is described. Five recent case studies involving live stranded humpback whales measuring 9.1–12.7m are described to show how the method was applied, and the capacity of the method to deal with the varying conditions encountered when dealing with large baleen whales. Issues relating to the wider application of this method to other species of baleen whale and large odontocete species are discussed along with key safety implications for the safe use of this method.

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New publication on North Atlantic right whale habitat modeling
by Dan Pendleton 23 Aug '12

23 Aug '12

Dear colleagues, We would like to announce the publication our research titled: Weekly predictions of North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis habitat reveal influence of prey abundance and seasonality of habitat preferences. The manuscript has been published with open access and can be downloaded here: http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/esr/v18/n2/p147-161/ ABSTRACT: Primary sources of mortality and serious injury to endangered North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis are vessel strikes and entanglement in fishing gear. All management plans depend on knowing when and where right whales are likely to be present. We tested the feasibility of a system designed to predict potential right whale habitat on a weekly time scale. The system paired right whale occurrence records with a collection of data layers including: results from a coupled biological-physical model of Calanus finmarchicus (the primary prey of right whales), satellite-derived sea surface temperature and chlorophyll, and bathymetry. Using these data, we trained seasonal habitat models and projected them onto environmental data for each 8 d period from January to June, 2002 to 2006. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) that right whale environmental preferences change from season to season and (2) that modeled prey concentration is an important predictor of the distribution of right whales. To test H1, we trained, tested, and compared models for 3 time periods: winter, spring, and winter and spring combined. To test H2, we trained and tested models with and without C. finmarchicus. Predictions of habitat suitability were highly dynamic within and across years. Our results support the hypothesis that right whale environmental preferences change between winter and spring. The inclusion of modeled C. finmarchicus abundance improved the accuracy of habitat suitability predictions. Regards, Dan Pendleton, PhD Research Scientist New England Aquarium Boston, MA 02110 USA

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