January 2010 - MARMAM - devlists.uvic.ca

Master of Marine Mammal Science - entry September 2010 - University of St Andrews, UK
by Sonja Heinrich 28 Jan '10

28 Jan '10

Master of Marine Mammal Science - entry September 2010 We are currently accepting applications for the 2010/11 entry to the Master of Research (MRes) in Marine Mammal Science based at the University of St Andrews in Scotland. This is an intense, one-year Master's level course intended to prepare students for professional careers in marine mammal research and conservation. The programme is tailored to address the scientific challenges of marine mammal ecology, behaviour and population biology with strong components of analytical methodology, laboratory work, and field study. The course is being taught by members of the Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU), the School of Biology and the Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling (CREEM) which are part of the Scottish Oceans Institute at the University of St Andrews. For detailed information about this unique course, entry requirements and how to apply please refer to the MRes MMS website: http://bio.st-andrews.ac.uk/mms/. Applications for the upcoming academic year (starting September 2010) must be received by Friday, 09 April 2010, and should be submitted online via the St Andrews postgraduate admission portal. Please get in touch if you have further questions: via email: mresmammals(a)st-andrews.ac.uk or write to: MRes Marine Mammal Science, School of Biology Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK You may wish to consult the following websites first for more details about the course, the staff, and the University. MRes Marine Mammal Science: http://bio.st-andrews.ac.uk/mms/ SMRU: http://www.smru.st-and.ac.uk/ St Andrews School of Biology: http://biology.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Scottish Oceans Institute: http://soi.st-andrews.ac.uk/default.aspx University of St Andrews: http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/ CREEM: http://creem2.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Best wishes from St Andrews, Sonja Dr Sonja Heinrich MRes MMS Assistant Course Coordinator The University of St Andrews is a charity registered in Scotland: No SC013532

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We are looking for research assistants for Seal Research in Iceland
by Sandra Granquist 28 Jan '10

28 Jan '10

Hello, I would like to post this message on your post list. Please let me know if there is any problems and that you are able to post this message! Best regards Sandra Granquist Assistant for Seal Research in Iceland The Icelandic Seal Center in Hvammstangi, North West Iceland and the Institute of Freshwater Fisheries are looking for research assistants for the summer of 2010. The work will consist of assisting in research on ecology and ethology of seals. It is necessary that the applicant in concern has a driver's license and preferably has finished at least a B.Sc degree in biology. For further information, please contact Sandra Granquist on sandra(a)veidimal.is You are also welcome to visit www.selasetur.is andwww.veidimal.is

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Petersburg Marine Mammal Center Summer 2010 Internships
by Jeff Reynolds 27 Jan '10

27 Jan '10

Petersburg Marine Mammal Center Internship Opportunity - 2010 Located in Petersburg, Alaska’s Little Norway, this project takes place on Mitkof Island in the heart of the Tongass National Forest. Petersburg is also known as the Whale Research Capital of Alaska because of the many world-renown marine mammal researchers who use Petersburg as a base of operation. PMMC is a non-profit organization formed in 1998 to “assist research efforts and be a depository for information on research and sightings of marine mammals in Southeast Alaska”. We have a small center located in the Viking Travel Building which is on Main Street in downtown Petersburg. The center is manned by interns during the summer months and the Board of Directors carries out the functions of PMMC year-round. This intern program allows students the opportunity to earn college credit while learning about marine mammals and serving the public. Individuals not in a college program, but with a strong interest and good background in marine mammals are also invited to participate by showing strong professional or life goals with marine mammal interpretation. Indoor exhibits, including an interactive computer kiosk, focus on marine mammal life history and distribution. Two interns will be working at the Center staggered shifts for six days out a week where the work includes, but is not limited to: · Staff the Center during open hours. Manage operations, sales and petty cash. · Interpret Alaska marine mammal information for Center visitors and public. · Assist and help coordinate where possible with researchers using center. · Prepare/deliver Alaska marine mammal presentations to visitors and small groups. · Facilitate community outreach and public education of Alaska marine mammals. Project Duration Two 8-10 week Intern positions are available beginning mid-June through August 31st. Accommodation The volunteer will be accommodated in Forest Service housing near the center of town, making it easy to access to the community and to the Center. The room is shared so both interns must be of the same gender. Internship Requirements · must be in an internship program through an accredited university or demonstrate a strong interest and background in marine mammals · physically fit · desire to gain skills in the environmental education field · interested in working with visitors · possess an interest in working on small projects for the Center · possess a positive attitude! Compensation This is currently an uncompensated internship (other than the housing provided). Application Process and Deadline To apply please download a PDF application from our website (http://psgmmc.org ) Applications deadline is February 28th, 2010 and successful applicant(s) will be notified by March 15th, 2010. Jeff Reynolds jeff(a)psgmmc.org

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Voluntary Assistant Photo-ID Catalogue Officer needed, Wales, UK
by CBMWC 27 Jan '10

27 Jan '10

The Cardigan Bay Marine Wildlife Centre (New Quay, West Wales, UK) is seeking a Voluntary Assistant Photo-ID Catalogue Officer for the 2010 field season. The primary purpose of our ongoing research, supported by Environment Wales and the Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales, is to monitor the marine mammal populations found within Cardigan Bays Special Area of Conservation (SAC) and beyond. Using non-invasive photo-identification techniques, we are endeavouring to establish the size and health of the population as well as reproductive and survival rates. We need a committed volunteer to work at the Cardigan Bay Marine Wildlife Centre between April and October 2010. Post description: Main responsibility will be to assist with the cataloguing of the bottlenose dolphin photographs for the photo-ID purposes of the CBMWC, including matching individuals to previous years images. Giving talks on the photo-identification work conducted at the CBMWC to interested parties. Co-ordinate and organise other volunteers participating with the photo-ID work at CBMWC, to tie in with the daily rota. Be responsible for training new volunteers in the analysis of photo-ID images, transferring images from memory cards to the Photo-ID computer and ensuring that all images are stored in the correct folders on the computer, e.g. week, date and trip folder and encounter folder if there is more than one per trip. Production of up to date procedures for all aspects of the photo-ID work in order that other volunteers can use them in order to complete any photo-ID tasks required of them. Ensure that all 2010 images and data are backed up on a regular basis throughout the season (external hard drive, DVDs or CDs) so that there is more than one copy in existence in case of computer failure. At the end of the 2010 season help to compile a photo-ID catalogue that includes images from 2009 and 2010 and information and data on what, where and when animals were seen. There will also be the opportunity to assist with the boat and land-based dolphin surveys and help in the Visitor's Centre. Desired skills and qualifications: Fluency in English (essential) IT skills Able to work well in a small team and independently without supervision Willingness to work in a conscientious, responsible and reliable manner Enthusiastic and hard working An interest in wildlife and conservation Experience working with the public, and public speaking would be useful An interest and knowledge of British cetaceans would be an advantage A background in biology, particularly marine biology/environmental science would be useful Excellent verbal and written communication skills Time commitment: The Voluntary Assistant Photo-ID Officer role requires a commitment of at least four months, including July to October. Preferably you would be able to commit for the entire field season April-October. Volunteers living locally who are available on a part time basis are also welcome to apply. Accommodation and expense arrangements: Basic, shared accommodation can be arranged for approximately £55 per week. Volunteers are responsible for their own food, travel and accommodation costs. About the Cardigan Bay Marine Wildlife Centre (Est.1996): The Cardigan Bay Marine Wildlife Centre is a non-profit organisation dedicated to promoting public awareness of the marine species, habitats and conservation of the marine wildlife in Cardigan Bay through research and education. The group is affiliated to the Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales and supported by Environment Wales. The centre is in the heart of New Quay overlooking the beautiful beach and harbour. It is used as a base for our research and also includes our Visitor Centre. Further information: Contact Laura on 01545 560032 or volunteer(a)cbmwc.org Visit our website www.cbmwc.org How to apply: Please contact us by e-mail volunteer(a)cbmwc.org to request an application form and further details. Cardigan Bay Marine Wildlife Centre Patent Slip Building Glanmor Terrace New Quay Ceredigion Wales, SA45 9PS __________________________________________________________________ Cardigan Bay Marine Wildlife Centre Patent Slip Building Glanmor Terrace New Quay Ceredigion SA45 9PS West Wales, UK Ffon/Phone: 01545 560032 E-bost/E-mail: <mailto:info@cbmwc.org> info(a)cbmwc.org Website: <http://www.cbmwc.org> www.cbmwc.org www.cbmwc.org http://twitter.com/CBMWC Cardigan Bay Marine Wildlife Centre is supported by the Cardigan Bay Marine Wildlife Group, a Marine interest group of the Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales. Helping to conserve Cardigan Bay's Marine Wildlife through education, interpretation and research. Cynorthwyo i gadw Bywyd gwyllt Moral Bae Aberteifi trwy addysg as ymchwil. __________________________________________________________________ The contents of this email are confidential and are soley for the use of the intended recipient. If you receive this email in error please delete it and notify us either by email or telephone. It is prohibited to copy, forward or otherwise disclose the contents of this email.

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New paper: Okhotsk Sea bowhead whales
by Yulia.Ivashchenko＠noaa.gov 26 Jan '10

26 Jan '10

The following review paper was just published: Ivashchenko, Y.V. & Clapham, P.J. 2010. Bowhead whales, Balaena mysticetus, in the Okhotsk Sea. Mammal Review 40: 65-89. ABSTRACT 1. Little is known about the endangered population of bowhead whales, Balaena mysticetus, in the Okhotsk Sea (OS). Here, we review existing information about this stock, including much material published in Russian. 2. Whaling for OS bowheads began around 1846, was pursued intensively for two decades, and continued sporadically until about 1913. Beginning in 1967, whalers from the USSR killed bowheads illegally, although the number of whales taken remains unknown. Estimates of the pre-exploitation population size have ranged from 3,000 to 20,000 whales, but all such estimates are based upon untested assumptions and incomplete data. 3. Information on historical and current distribution of bowheads comes from whaling records (notably Townsend 1935) and from modern (notably Russian/Soviet) marine mammal surveys. Little is known about winter distribution. In spring and summer, known bowhead concentrations occur in Shelikhov Bay and at Shantar. Although historical whaling data show bowheads in Shelikhov Bay in summer and early autumn, recent sightings there have not been later than June. However, extensive 19th century catches were made over much of the northern OS, and the present range and habitat use of the population is probably broader than existing data suggest. There is equivocal evidence for age or maturational class segregation between Shantar and Shelikhov Bay; the former hosts immature whales and lactating females, and the latter hosts adults. 4. Genetic data indicate that the OS bowhead stock is separate from the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort population, but that the two populations share a common ancestry. There is no evidence that bowheads ever leave the OS. 5. Russian observers have put the current size of the OS stock in the low hundreds, but this is not based on quantitative analysis. Overall, the OS bowhead population is very likely to be relatively small; it did not recover from intensive whaling in the 19th century, and the illegal Soviet catches of the 1960s have further set back its recovery. Dedicated surveys and other research are required to assess the status and conservation needs of the population. Reprints are available from Wiley Interscience: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118520793/home Or from: yulia.ivashchenko(a)noaa.gov Yulia Ivashchenko National Marine Mammal Laboratory Seattle, WA, USA

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Marine Mammal Stranding Response Internship - Malibu, CA
by Cynthia Reyes 26 Jan '10

26 Jan '10

MARINE MAMMAL STRANDING RESPONSE INTERNSHIP Spring & Summer 2010 The California Wildlife Center in Malibu, California, seeks applicants for spring and summer internships working with stranded marine mammals. These are part time 8-week internship positions beginning March 15th (Spring session) and May 15th (Summer session). There is some flexibility of start dates. These internship positions are unpaid. Summary/Program Description: The California Wildlife Center is a non-profit organization dedicated to the rescue, rehabilitation and release of injured, orphaned and sick native wildlife. CWC fulfills this mission through marine mammal rescue, and treatment of avian and terrestrial wildlife in our rehabilitation hospital. This internship will provide an exciting and challenging educational experience in the marine mammal field, while also allowing for additional hands-on experience with other native California wildlife. The interns will be working closely with the Marine Mammal program staff in all aspects of stranding response, including logistics, assessment, capture/restraint, transport to the marine mammal rehabilitation facility, and public relations. In addition, interns will provide support to CWC Hospital staff in animal husbandry tasks for avian and terrestrial wildlife. Intern Responsibilities & Qualifications: The internship is open to all applicants at least 18 years of age or older. Undergraduate students and non-students alike are encouraged to apply. If the intern intends to receive academic credit, the intern will be responsible for making all arrangements with their educational institutions. Spring internships are 3 days a week, minimum 24 hours per week for 8 weeks. Summer internships are 4 days a week, minimum 32 hours per week for 8 weeks. Due to the unpredictable nature of marine mammal stranding response, interns may sometimes be required to work beyond their normal scheduled hours. Interns must be able and willing to work flexible hours including weekends and holidays. Interns will be required to have good physical strength and the ability to lift/carry 50 lbs. Interns need to have the ability to multitask and work in a fast paced environment. Animal care and/or marine mammal experience is a plus but not required. Applicant must demonstrate proof of negative TB test within the past year and a current tetanus vaccination. Under supervision of Marine Mammal staff, duties will include: * Answering and responding to all calls, pages and messages concerning marine mammals in a timely and courteous manner * Assessing stranded marine mammals * Coordinating and leading responder team in the capture and handling of stranded marine mammals needing medical attention * Coordinating transport of stranded marine mammals to the rehabilitation facility * Completion of NMFS Level A data sheets. Maintaining detailed database records of Malibu strandings, including reports of stranding, human interaction issues, etc. * Assist with marine mammal necropsy and sample collection * Ensuring marine mammal-designated equipment is kept in clean working order * Maintaining good rapport with representatives of various public agencies Housing/Transportation: Housing and transportation are the responsibility of the intern. Must have own transportation and current drivers license. Very limited on-sire housing is available (i.e., up to 2 individuals at a time). All individuals selected for on-site housing, regardless of Session, will be required to complete 40 hours/week. Application Process: Interested individuals must send the following: * Letter of intent * Resume * Two letters of reference Your letter of intent must state the Session you are applying for and detail interests, experience, housing accommodations and availability. Submit the above items via regular mail or email (preferred) to: California Wildlife Center Attn: Cynthia Reyes P.O. Box 2022 Malibu, California 90265 Email: Cynthia(a)californiawildlifecenter.org If you would like to find out more about our Organization, please visit our website at http://www.californiawildlifecenter.org

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Fwd: Ponta Partial Marine Area
by Angie Gullan DCA 26 Jan '10

26 Jan '10

>> >>> >>> Dear MARMAMers >> >>> The Management Plan for the Ponta Partial Marine Reserve (PPMR), >>> Mozambique is available for perusal at http://www.docstoc.com/docs/23472760/PPMR-Mozambique >>> >>> The document contains the marine component of the extensive >>> management plan that was developed for the Maputo Special Reserve >>> in Mozambique. This plan was presented and distributed to >>> stakeholders in December 2009, following many months work. With >>> our field of work being directly related to marine mammal tourism, >>> we will see restrictions on how many boats are allowed to >>> undertake dolphin swims in the area, as well as whale watching >>> trips during the annual humpback and southern right whale >>> migrations. This, coupled with restrictions on jetskis and >>> recreational boats 'visiting' the dolphins will certainly limit >>> the amount of tourism pressure the animals are currently facing. >>> For this, we are very thankful as we have seen increasing pressure >>> on the marine life in the area since tourism has increased. It is >>> with this in mind that we would like to share with you and request >>> advice in this field. >>> The managemnt plan was compliled by a team of experts, >>> together with the collaboration of the Ministry of Tourism >>> (MITUR) and the Peace Parks Foundation (PPF) advisory team. The >>> first draft format and style was adopted from the managed MPAs >>> within the western cape province of South Africa. >>> Stakeholders have had the opportunity to comment on this document. >>> We have submitted the following comments, which can be referenced >>> to the page numbers on the plan. >>> Page 13 3.1.1 Ponta Techobanine Port Development The construction and development of the Port would only cause major destruction to the area. It is unthinkable that this is even a possibly especially given that it sits within the MSR. Sorry to say but this is ludicrous and should absolutely NOT be passed. It goes against the values and longterm vision of the PPMR. Page 15 3.1.5 Dolphin and whale viewing Please note the spelling of Dolphin Encounters should be Dolphin EnCOuntours. Page 20 3.2.4.1 Scientific Research and Monitoring With this being a key component to the PPMR it is suggested that an operators/skippers log book be issued whereby skippers of both fishing concessions and scuba diving concessions can record the sightings of various key species ie: sharks (whales sharks, tigers, Zambezi’s, great whites etc) as well as various marine mammals species. This would give the PPMR a greater scope/area to work with. Page 22 3.2.4.1 Policy Clarity is needed on whether the institute/operator would draw up the memorandum of understanding or would this be done by the PPMR steering committee. Research Conducted to Date Research on marine mammals and whale sharks has been undertaken prior to the proclamation of the PPMR Page 22 Signage and Brochures as Resource for Creating Awareness Welcome to Mozambique “Conservation code of Conduct” has been developed in collaboration with the Natural History Museum, Dolphin EnCOuntours; PPF and Turtle Working Group. These are important in educating tourists regarding the special species likely to be encountered and how one should behave when encountering such species. It is suggested that a dedicated marine mammal awareness campaign be implemented with signboards and brochures ensuring ocean users are made aware of the species inhabiting the coastal zone. Page 26 3.2.4.3 Compliance Suggest a hotline number (probably a cell number) being clearly displayed on all signage and brochures, where a member of the community can call or text message in to report non-compliance and illegal activities to the relevant enforcement agency. This is vital as the area is too large to have eyes on the ground all the time. Community involvement is crucial and will empower the community to protect and work towards preserving the PPMR. Page 34 Description of income revenues Dive taxes There are currently no taxes for marine mammal tourism activities. Page 42 3.3.2.5 Multiple Use Zone Q. What will the PPMR's regulations on how many fishing Jet skis would be allowed to launch from Ponta Do Ouro and any other launch sites? Page 52 Article 4 Marine Mammal Tourism should be included as a specific activity Page 54 Appendix 2: Divers Code of Conduct Diving 11: Divers are not permitted to wear gloves (an option should not be given) 17:Report environmental disturbance or destruction of your dive sites to PPMR (not Cape Nature) ADDITIONAL SUGGESTION: suckers/sweets with wrappers are not permitted on dives. Page 56 Appendix 3: Dolphin, whale and whale shark code of conduct 5. Avoid mother calf units. Do not enter into the water with newborns/ calves unless for research purpose. Justification: much information can be obtained by entering into the water for monitoring purposes ie: the presence of shark bites and parasites on newborns as noted in the past. Page 57 Appendix 4: Fishers code of conduct for the PPMR Suggest the inclusion of the following in the formal code of conduct The targeting of all shark species in prohibited The dumping of used/unused bait is prohibited within the bays or close to bathing areas as this is likely to attract sharks. Fisherman are to be sure they do not discard bait wrappers and tackle at sea. Lines should be pulled in when in the vicinity of marine mammals. There is no mention of bill fish targeting or size limits of species. Page 69 2.5.1 Scuba Area Regulations How many boats are allowed per concession? How many divers are allowed per boat? How many dive groups are allowed per reef at any one stage? How many additional boats will a dive concession be able to deploy during peak seasons? The permit holder should submit to the management authority the previous months data on the “monthly data return sheet’ together with a key species sighting log Page 70 2.5.2 Dolphin, whale shark and whale watching areas The limits suggested in the management plan do not correlate with page 42’s suggestion of one operator per 20km. Past experience indicates that more than one operator increases stress levels within the local dolphin population and this has now been confirmed with a drop in good quality swims and dolphins spending more time on the move. One operator per 20km area will ensure a sustainable, low impact dolphin swim experience if done in the correct manner. Concession holders should commit to a memorandum of understanding with the PPMR thus ensuring good, baseline data is collected and that minimal stress is caused when working with marine mammals. Suggestion: Ponta do Ouro (1) Ponta Mamoli (1) Ponta Dobela (1) Santa Maria (1) Inhaca (1) It is suggested that the Dolphin EnCOuntour/Care-Africa swim with code of conduct be adopted by all concession holders undertaking dolphin swims. This code of conduct has been developed in conjunction with Angie Gullan and Dr Almeida Guissamulo (Natural History Museum Maputo) in effort to minimize any undue stress on dolphins wile interacting with them while in the open sea. Clarity is requested on: · Whether or not it is permitted to swim with whales (ie: humpback whales) · Will the opportunistic swimming with dolphins be allowed from dive boats Ie: if dolphins are come across when on route to a scuba dive are the divers permitted to get into the water and swim with them · Number of boats allowed per operator. It would defeat the purpose of limiting the number of operators if a single operator was allowed more than 1 boat per launch. A grey area exists between snorkeling trips/marine/ocean safari’s that offer snorkeling over shallow reefs, in the past it has been noted that this activity although sold as a snorkeling trip is actually a dolphin swim trip and causes much stress on dolphins and there is no formal code of conduct and swim briefing given. It is suggested that NO entry with dolphins/whales in permitted unless through the registered dolphin swim concession within the area. It is necessary to police this closely. Page 71 2.8. Fishing There is no mention on how many commercial fishing charters are allowed per area. It is important that this is minimized. It is also important to mention that no person shall attempt to operate a tourist/commercial fishing charter within the PPMR except on the authority of a permit. Currently there are ‘pirate’ operators doing fishing charters and selling their catches off in town. This needs to be addressed. OTHER Operator Agreement: It is critical for all operators to sign an agreement under the codes of conduct overseen by the PPMR to only offer and perform the activities that they are licensed to offer. In other words, Scuba Operations should not offer dolphin or whale watching, nor should they take advantage of opportunistic swims if they come across a pod of dolphins. Dolphin Operations should not offer Scuba diving and so on. Life Guard Program: The Life Guard program should be re-instated and managed by the PPMR to protect and ensure that the values of the PPMR are upheld. This will make sure that the people in the bathing areas, snorkelers, divers and fisherman are following the rules and regulations. This way the marine life and values of the PPMR will be upheld. The life guards should have the full weight of the law behind them as they will offer a good form of visible policing in busy areas, such as Ponta Do Ouro, and become a deterrent to law breakers. Firecrackers - Should be prohibited within the PPMR unless arranged professionally for special occasions ie: new years. Drinking – The consumption of alcohol should not be permitted within the launch site or while at sea or prior to launching. >>> >>> >>> Your feedback and input regarding this would be much appreciated. >>> Please send any feedback to angie(a)dolphincare.org >> >> >>> Angie Gullan >>> DolphinCare~Africa >>> www.dolphincare.org >>> Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique >>> +0025 884 330 3859 >> >> >> > >> >>> >>> >>> A >>> Memorandum >>> of >>> Understanding >>> exists >>> between >>> the >>> Natural >>> History >>> Museum >>> of >>> the >>> University >>> Eduardo >>> Mondlane >>> >>> & >>> Cetacea >>> Charters >>> Lda >>> t/a >>> Dolphin >>> EnCOuntours >>> / >>> Care Africa. >>> The >>> purpose >>> of >>> the >>> MOU >>> is >>> a >>> collaborated >>> effort >>> in >>> education >>> & >>> research >>> with >>> the >>> intention >>> of >>> increasing >>> the >>> understanding >>> of >>> the >>> ecology >>> of >>> marine >>> mammals >>> together >>> with >>> the >>> monitoring >>> of >>> tourism >>> impacts >>> in >>> Mozambique. Africa's >>> pioneer >>> dolphin >>> interaction >>> & >>> research >>> center >>> is >>> situated >>> on >>> the >>> southern >>> most >>> shores >>> of >>> Mozambique. Under >>> the >>> guidance >>> of >>> marine >>> mammal >>> experts, >>> Dolphin >>> EnCOuntours >>> established >>> Africa's >>> first >>> dolphin >>> swim >>> program >>> during >>> the >>> early >>> 90’s >>> in >>> Ponta >>> do >>> Ouro. >>> This >>> has >>> resulted >>> in >>> ‘awareness >>> & >>> research’ >>> based >>> dolphin >>> tourism >>> that >>> delicately >>> balances >>> humanities >>> fascination >>> with >>> dolphins >>> while >>> fulfilling >>> the >>> needs >>> of >>> educating, >>> conserving >>> and >>> researching. >>> Having >>> initially >>> started >>> as >>> a >>> pilot >>> study >>> in >>> the >>> early >>> ’90’s >>> the >>> program >>> has >>> been >>> instrumental >>> in >>> working >>> towards >>> the >>> protection >>> of >>> both >>> resident >>> and >>> migratory >>> cetacean >>> species. >>> >>> >>> Please consider the environment before printing this email >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >> >

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recent pilot whale stranding in New Zealand
by david+deafwhale.com 25 Jan '10

25 Jan '10

Dear Marman List Members; The results of Deafwhale Society's investigation into the cause of the pilot whale mass beaching on Bank Peninsular can be found at: http://www.deafwhale.com/stranded_whale/2010/23jan_60pilotwhales_nz.htm

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PhD Thesis on the Israeli bottlenose dolphins and their interaction with bottom trawlers
by scheinin 25 Jan '10

25 Jan '10

Dear MARMAM members, This PhD Thesis was recently submitted and accepted by the University of Haifa, Israel. Title: The Population of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), Bottom Trawl Catch Trends and the Interaction between the Two along the Mediterranean Continental Shelf of Israel. For any pdf copies please do not hesitate to contact me at scheinin(a)013.net.il Aviad Abstract General Introduction The present research assesses the relationship between two top predators in the marine food web, the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) (hereafter CBD), and the bottom-trawl fleet, the main marine fishing industry in Israel, in the framework of the complex relationship between mankind and the sea. Free-ranging, coastal communities of CBD have provided prime research opportunities in the field of cetacean social ecology at several marine localities around the world. Several longitudinal studies of this type have been conducted in the central Mediterranean Basin, notably in the Adriatic and the Ionian seas but none in its easternmost reach, the Levantine Basin. The biological resources in this basin are limited since the level of primary production is low and accordingly the supported food web. The setting where these two top predators are exploiting the same benthic niche in an ultra-oligotrophic body of water sets the scene for competition for limited resources. Competition may first be assessed indirectly by conducting social behavioral research on the CBD population, with emphasis on the relationship with the bottom trawlers. This kind of data may be complemented by following the fish catch trends, particularly whether there is evidence of over-fishing. Then, the question of alleged fisheries/CBD competition could be addressed more directly by comparing features of the CBD diet and the bottom trawl catch. A straightforward comparison could be made between the composition of stomach contents of stranded carcasses and by-caught animals and that of the catch, or inferences may be made by performing stable isotope analysis on CBD tissue and on the tissues of its potential prey. General attributes of the diet of dolphins are reflected through the stable isotope composition of their body carbon and nitrogen: δ13C and δ15N values, respectively. The nitrogen stable isotopic composition (d15N) of tissues provides a powerful tool for determination of the trophic relationships among organisms and the trophic position within the food-web. The carbon isotope (d13C) is useful to the study of diet through its use as a tracer of sources of primary productivity and thus the feeding niche. Primary producers vary in their isotopic C signatures according to their origin (e.g., terrestrial versus aquatic, benthic versus neritic). Aims The first aim of this research was to reveal the different ecological aspects of the local CBD population. Then, following the primary assumption of competition between bottom trawl fishery and the local CBD population, it was important to determine whether the bottom trawl fishery was over-utilizing the benthic habitat. Finally, CBD diet-based methodologies and analysis of the composition and trophic level of the fish catch were employed in order to explore the existence and the degree of competition. Common Bottlenose Dolphin Population. Materials and Methods The source of information was based on half-day dedicated coastal surveys which took place sporadically between 1998 -2002 and systematically from 2003 to 2007., Navigational and weather condition data were collected throughout the surveys and within the sighting, group size and composition as well as behavioral and photo-identification materials were recorded. Results and conclusions A total of 232 surveys were performed between 1998 and 2007, covering over 3,000 km of trackline, along the central Israeli coastline. CBD was the only species sighted. The overall encounter rate increased significantly when searching around bottom trawlers . The coastal CBD population prefers depths >40m; the bottom trawl fleet works mostly between the 35-55 m depth contours. Most births occur during the warm months. Mean group size was 5.7 ± 6.9, significantly larger in spring (7.5) than in summer (3.4).The Sighting frequency was independent of season, suggesting a year-round and year to year stability of population size in the study area, estimated at 360 individuals. As for composition, there appears to be a small resident nucleus in the study area, of around 20 animals out of 155 individually identified animals. The cumulative discovery curve is still steadily increasing, suggesting an 'open' population. Sighted groups were mainly engaged in foraging behavior, series of long dives interrupted by short periods of ventilation at the surface, either while following bottom trawlers or without much horizontal movement. Of 23 dolphins sighted four times or more, all were observed at least once foraging behind a bottom trawler, suggesting behavior common to all members of the resident population, rather than a specialty of some members, as described in other parts of the world. Bottom Trawl Fishery Materials and methods Sources of information for assessing the bottom-trawl fishery effort and catch trends were the annual reports by the Israeli Department of Fisheries for the years 1949-2006. The author was involved in the collection of data for the annual publications of 2004-2006. Results and conclusions Fishing effort showed an overall increasing trend from 1949-2006, with a transient decrease in the sixties. Effort is not the sole determinant of the catch, fishing efficiency is another. New technologies such as radar, sonar, satellite navigation tools (GPS) have been introduced to enhance the efficiency and these had kept on improving during the six decades of data collection. Also, stronger engines and propeller nozzles improved the towing capabilities of the boats, and new fishing nets with larger vertical opening and better rigging had been introduced. When analyzing the time-trend of the overall annual fished biomass (catch) in units of kg per one fishing day per boat (Catch per Unit Effort - CPUE), the effect of the increased efficiency does not become evident and should be kept in mind. Until the mid fifties, the CPUE showed a significant increase and since then, the trend has reversed. The data from the fifties also shows that CPUE was effort-independent, suggesting that fish abundance did not set catch limits, thus allowing an increase of the fleet without affecting CPUE. In the sixties, seventies and the beginning of the eighties, effort and CPUE were constant, suggesting a possible equilibrium between the fishery and the fish stock. This, however, could have been only a fictitious stability, with improvement of technology and use of new fishing grounds (e.g. north Sinai) compensating for over-fishing and dwindling stocks. In the late eighties and the nineties, the effort had increased significantly over that of the sixties to mid eighties, but the CPUE had decreased. Mullidae (goatfish) is a bottom-dwelling fish family, which had been a major target family for the local bottom trawl fishery during these years .The graph of CPUE against time for the Mullidae shows a decreasing trend, very similar to that of the overall catch. The decreasing time-trend was demonstrated for most bottom-dwelling commercial fish families. Penaeidae (shrimps), currently the second most important family in the gross income of the bottom trawl catch, shows an increasing time-trend of the CPUE. This might be a case of disturbance-tolerant species, for which bottom trawling creates new habitats, while their relatively short life cycle enables them to recruit in the face of growing fishing effort. Fishing down the marine food web is a worldwide phenomenon in which the composition of the catch is shifted away from predators (high trophic level) to plankton-eaters (low trophic level); a basic assessment for the Israeli bottom trawl fishery catch data suggests a similar trend, even though there is a significant increase with time of the high trophic level catch. The latter could be the result of increases in the CPUE of high trophic level families, such as the Sphyraenidae. One explanation for this increase is the higher vertical opening of the nets and the stronger engines which have enabled the fishers to improve their catch on this semi-pelagic fast swimming species. Another reason may be the regional proliferation of the Lessepsian migrant, Sphyraena chrysotaenia, which did not oust the local species, but has become an important component of the catch. Comparing CBD Diet to Bottom-Trawl Catch Materials and methods The data-base included carcasses of beached and/or by-caught CBD, 7-8 such cases are available annually, on average. Twenty three animals had stomach contents which were pooled for the comparison to the bottom trawl catch. Muscle samples of CBD and of commercial fish and invertebrates were analyzed for stable isotopes (d15N and δ13C). Results and conclusions The diet of CBD along the Israeli coastline was mainly composed of fish; cephalopod prey was less important and shrimps remains were not found. These findings matched results from the Western Mediterranean Sea. The estimated annual food consumption of the local CBD population was found to be very similar to the annual bottom trawl catch, setting the ground for potential competition. Yet, when comparing the proportion of different fish families in the CBD stomach contents to the local trawl-fishery catch, Sparidae (sea breams) was the only family showing equal frequencies between the potential competitors. Most members of this family have a relatively low commercial value. Also, the most prevalent prey item of CBD was the Balearic conger Ariosoma balearicum, a non-commercially important fish. The overall comparison suggests that the local CBD population and the local bottom-trawl fishery fleet do not target the same items and as such, are not in direct competition. The stable isotope analysis has shown a similar trend. When subtracting the estimated trophic enrichment factor from the δ15N value of the CBD, the resulting δ15N value turns out to be lower than that of most commercial species, again suggesting that the local CBD population and the local bottom trawl fishery fleet are actually exploiting different levels of the food-web. General Discussion The CBD occurs in a wide variety of habitats worldwide. The existence of several populations in near-shore areas, where they are relatively easily accessible for researchers, makes the CBD the best-studied cetacean. However, there are a limited number of long term researches on CBD in the Mediterranean Sea. This dissertation is the first step in establishing a long-term study on the CBD in the easternmost Mediterranean Sea - a population living in ultra oligotrophic waters, and showing a perturbing dependence on the local bottom-trawl fleet. On the one hand, the CBD obtains an easy meal from the bottom trawl net; on the other hand, over-exploitation of the benthic resources harms the CBD directly and indirectly, and by-catch in the trawl-net is a major cause of death to the local population. Is the practice of foraging around and inside the net just a manifestation of an intelligent predator taking advantage of an easily accessible source of food or is the population motivated by a necessity arising from the scarcity of food in its natural marine environment? Their intelligence is uncontested; their ability to adapt is well documented as well. Therefore it is reasonable to believe that they have learned to consume these easy meals. However, some facts, emerging from the present research, hint at nutritional stress. The local CBD population forages most of the day, similarly to a population studied in the Adriatic Sea, were food limitation was suggested, and unlike CBD populations studied in the UK, USA and Australia. Skinny dolphins are frequently observed in the study area. This is seemingly mainly related to the lesser insulatory demands during the warm period, with a resultant decrease in blubber thickness to allow cooling of the body. However, judged by lower catch rates during the warm period, the contribution of nutritional stress, accentuating the thermoregulatory effect, cannot be ruled out. __________________________________________________________________ Aviad Scheinin, Ph.D <mailto:scheinin@research.haifa.ac.il> scheinin(a)013.net.il <http://immrac.haifa.ac.il/> http://immrac.haifa.ac.il/ Chairman, IMMRAC - Israel Marine Mammal Research & Assistance center Home address: Tirat Shalom, P.B. 1356, Nes-Ziona 74052, Israel Tel 972-8-9406584 Mobile 052-3571193 __________________________________________________________________

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Last Call: Summer 2010 Dolphin Research Internship Openings
by Kelly Melillo 25 Jan '10

25 Jan '10

Applications for our summer internship program are due 1 February 2009! Dolphin Communication Project (DCP) - Volunteer Research Assistants/Interns - Summer 2010 Connecticut, USA and Bimini, The Bahamas The Dolphin Communication Project (DCP, www.dolphincommunicationproject.org) is currently seeking two interns for the summer of 2010. These internships have both field and office components, both of which are mandatory, and total 8-12 weeks. DCP looks at how dolphins communicate and attempts to shed more light on the meaning of their interactions. With research ongoing since 1991, our questions focus primarily on communication and behavior among dolphins. As a team, DCP research scientists study four groups of dolphins in three countries. Interns are needed at our Bimini, Bahamas research site, where we study Atlantic spotted and bottlenose dolphins. An abbreviated publication list is available at the end of this post. Responsibilities In the field: ¨ Travel to and assist for 3-4 weeks at our Bimini research site (exact dates TBD, likely beginning mid-July) ¨ Assist gathering data (general observations, photographs, underwater video) during 4-6 hour/day boat excursions ¨ Complete photo-identification of dolphins from still photography and video as well as other data analysis tasks ¨ Assist with on-board and outreach education At the office: ¨ Travel to and assist office staff for 4-6 weeks at our Connecticut office (exact dates TBD, likely prior to field component, beginning ~1 June) ¨ Process and analyze data, including, but not limited to: photo-identification of individuals from other DCP research sites, conducting detailed focal follows from video data for behavioral analyses, and acoustic analysis of dolphin sounds ¨ Assist in the development and implementation of education programs for schools and the general public Requirements Successful interns must have basic computer skills and working knowledge of Microsoft Word, Excel and PowerPoint. Current enrollment in a degree-seeking program, background in science and/or animal behavior and experience on boats and/or with photo-identification are all desired, but not necessarily required. The successful candidates will be comfortable on a boat for several hours at a time in varying conditions. They will also be proficient swimmers with the desire to improve free-diving skills. They will be able to work as a team both at the office and in a fairly remote and isolated field setting. Good writing and public speaking skills are a must, as is attention to details. Interns must be at least 18 years of age. Expenses and Compensation This is an unpaid internship. Interns are responsible for their own transportation to Bimini and Connecticut. There is a $1,000.00 fee which will cover expenses in the field, including room and partial board. Room, board and transportation while in Connecticut are the responsibility of the intern, although assistance in securing this may be available. Interested applicants should review information at this link: http://tinyurl.com/DCPinternship. Interested applications should read this page thoroughly before applying. Send a completed application (downloadable and detailed at the link above) to kmelillo(a)dolphincommunicationproject.org. Applications are due 1 February 2009. Due to field schedules, only electronic applications will be accepted. Interviews (in-person or via telephone) may be arranged for selected candidates. For more information, please contact Kelly Melillo at kmelillo(a)dolphincommunicationproject.org. Thank you, Kelly Melillo Research Associate, Bimini Research Manager Dolphin Communication Project www.dolphincommunicationproject.org www.thedolphinpod.com ----------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Selected Refereed Publications: (for a full list of publications by DCP researchers, please visit: http://www.dolphincommunicationproject.org/main/index.php?option=com_conten…) Dudzinski, K.M., Clark, C.W., Würsig, B. 1995. A mobile video/acoustic system for simultaneously recording dolphin behavior and vocalizations underwater. Aquatic Mammals 21(3): 187-193. Dudzinski, K.M. 1998. Contact behavior and signal exchange among Atlantic spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis). Aquatic Mammals 24(3): 129-142. Dudzinski, K.M., M. Sakai, M., Masaki, K., Kogi, K., Hishii, T., Kurimoto, M. 2003. Behavioral observations of adult and sub-adult dolphins towards two dead bottlenose dolphins (one female and one male). Aquatic Mammals 29(1): 108-116. Gregg, J.D., Dudzinski, K.M., Smith, H.V. 2007. Do dolphins eavesdrop on the echolocation signals of conspecifics? International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 20: 65-88 Paulos, R.D., Dudzinski, K.M., Kuczaj, S.A. 2008. The role of touch in select social interactions of Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) and Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus). Ethology 26: 153-164. Dudzinski, K.M., Thomas, J. Gregg, J.D. 2008. Communication. In (W.F. Perrin, B. Würsig, H.C.M. Thewissen, eds) Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, second edition. Academic Press, Inc. Dudzinski, K.M., Gregg, J.D., Ribic, C.A., Kuczaj, S.A. 2009. A comparison of pectoral fin contact between two different wild dolphin populations. Behavioural Processes, 80:182-190 Melillo, K.E., Dudzinski, K.M., Cornick, L.A. 2009. Interactions between Atlantic spotted (Stenella frontalis) and bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) dolphins off Bimini, The Bahamas, 2003-2007. Aquatic Mammals, 35:281-291

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