May 2008 - MARMAM - devlists.uvic.ca

Dolphin research in Australia - volunteers needed!
by Ina Ansmann 14 May '08

14 May '08

Hi all! I'm looking for volunteers to help me with the field work for my PhD project, studying bottlenose dolphins in Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. The project investigates the foraging ecology and population structure of the bottlenose dolphins in Moreton Bay. We will do boat surveys to look for bottlenose as well as humpback dolphins, conduct behavioural observations, take photographs of the animals for photo ID, and collect biopsy samples for genetic analysis. I need field assistants from July to September 2008. A minimum commitment of 1 month is expected but preference will be given to applicants willing to stay the entire 3 month period. Previous field experience, especially driving boats and photographing animals, would be great, but is not expected. An interest in marine mammal research and a dedication to get up early and spend long hours out on the water whenever the weather is good is a must! Unfortunately I'm not able to pay for travel and other expenses, but I may be able to provide free accommodation (in Brisbane and at the Moreton Bay Research Station on North Stradbroke Island). If you're interested please send an email with your CV to i.ansmann(a)uq.edu.au Cheers, Ina Ina Ansmann (PhD candidate) Marine Vertebrate Ecology Research Group School of Integrative Biology The University of Queensland St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia Phone: (+61) 7 3365 7523 Email: i.ansmann(a)uq.edu.au

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Job: FL manatee technician
by Reinert, Tom 14 May '08

14 May '08

Biological Technician, Marine Mammals This is a full-time (40 hr/wk), hourly position (OPS, no paid benefits) with the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, located in Jacksonville, Florida, working with the Fish and Wildlife Research Institute's Marine Mammal Research Program. DUTIES: Participate in the manatee carcass salvage program by recovering manatee carcasses from a ten county area in northeast Florida and transporting to the Marine Mammal Pathobiology Laboratory (St. Petersburg) for necropsy. Participate in rescues and transportation of sick and injured marine mammals, primarily manatees. Perform and assist with field necropsies of manatees (primarily), right whales, dolphins and other marine mammals. Conduct field work that may include aerial surveys of manatees, tracking radio-tagged manatees, photo identification work, and assisting with the North Atlantic right whale project as needed. Computer skills: utilize software such as ArcGIS, Excel, Access, and Word. Prepare detailed stranding and rescue reports. Complete paperwork including travel, time sheets, and technical reports as assigned. Assist with manatee outreach programs. Perform tasks such as general cleaning of office and equipment, vehicle, trailer and boat maintenance, data entry and other tasks assigned by supervisor. DESIRED QUALIFICATIONS: A degree in one of the biological sciences from an accredited university. The ability to safely operate and trailer boats less than 40 feet in length is highly desired. Applicant must obtain boater safety certification within the first six months of employment. Knowledge and the ability to use personal computers, field gear, and cameras are also highly desired. Applicant must be able to swim proficiently. Field work is highly physical and applicant must be able to lift 50 lbs. Applicant must possess or can obtain a Class D driver's license for employment. Must have the ability to work both as a team member as well as independently in various field situations. Marine mammal stranding-response experience is preferred. Must be able to work under adverse field conditions, potentially nights, on weekends and holidays. An Equal Opportunity Employer/Affirmative Action Employer Federal law requires that we hire only U.S. citizens and lawfully authorized aliens who can provide proof of their identity and employment eligibility. Base pay: $10.00/hr Position #: 77900919 Review of applicants will begin May 28, 2008 and will continue until a suitable applicant is found. Please submit electronic resume, letter of interest, State of Florida application, and three references to: Ryan Berger, Marine Research Associate Fish & Wildlife Research Institute Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Ryan.Berger(a)MyFWC.com Questions or inquiries: 904-573-4910 (t) State of Florida application: https://peoplefirst.myflorida.com/sap/public/bsp/sap/public/graphics/mim es/SOFapp.pdf

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Marine Mammal Observers Course - JNCC recognised June 2008 UK
by Yvonne Miles 13 May '08

13 May '08

*Scanning Ocean Sectors – A Marine Mammal Observer (MMO) training company and Joint Nature Conservation Committee – JNCC, recognised course for industry and research.* We have years of research behind the effective training of MMOs with courses adapted to the requirements of the clients, and taught by professionals in their specialised fields. Please note that the *late registration now applies *for the June 2008 courses *18th to 20th June 1st Course 26th to 28th June 2nd Course* *2008 RNLI **Poole**, **Dorset** **UK*** *The course will include* - Coffee/tea/herb tea throughout the day - Homemade cookies - Afternoon cake - Lunch – main course and sweet - Picnic lunch on vessel - Parking space - Course booklet - ID book - Pen, pencil, note pad - Course extra book reading list - List of reference reading list - MMO Certificate - Registration to JNCC as MMO - Personal range stick - Membership to SOS MMO club - Course presentations available on web site to review References on website downloadable - Extra information on website downloadable - Online assistance by the team of experts - Job updates on website - Work experience arranged - Extra courses list on website - MMO- SOS member's blog - MMO – SOS member's forum - SOS newsletter for students Please visit our website for more information and to register for all courses *Note – There are limited numbers for each course so please book early to avoid disappointment.* www.scanningoceansectors.org info(a)scanningoceansectors.org -- Yvonne Miles 9 Long Street Point Vernon Hervey Bay QLD 4655 Australia 0432 812 465 mob 07 4124 8320 land line info(a)scanningoceansectors.org www.scanningoceansectors.org

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Right Whale Listening Network Website
by Chris Tremblay 12 May '08

12 May '08

MARMAM Colleagues, The Bioacoustics Research Program (BRP) at Cornell University’s Laboratory of Ornithology is happy to announce the release of the Right Whale Listening Network public website: listenforwhales.org. This website represents an ongoing collaborative effort between BRP and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) to install real-time underwater listening devices to alert government agencies and the shipping industry to the presence of North Atlantic right whales in the waters off the coast of Massachusetts. Please visit the website to learn more. http://www.listenforwhales.org/ Thank you, Christopher Tremblay -- Christopher Tremblay Special Projects Manager Bioacoustics Research Program Cornell University 159 Sapsucker Woods Road Ithaca NY 14850 (607) 254-1130 (Office) (607) 379-1033 (Cell) (607) 254-2460 (FAX)

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[ECS-TALK] summary of news week 18 & 19 /2008 (April 29-May 12, 2008)
by Catharina Clausen 12 May '08

12 May '08

Hi, from this week the marmam mailing list is included into the news, so I apologize for any cross-posting! Nevertheless, I have improved and expanded my search for news. Whenever you would like to add any actual news to this list, just let me know before the end of Saturday morning every week! (April 29, 2008) Rare Bolivian river dolphin is new species - http:// www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?xml=/earth/2008/04/29/ eadolph129.xml (May 5, 2008) Winter the dolphin gets bionic tail - http:// www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/1927254/Winter-the- dolphin-gets-bionic-tail.html (May 5, 2008) Help at hand for stranded marine life - http:// www.scarborougheveningnews.co.uk/news/Help-at-hand-for-stranded. 4048209.jp (May 6, 2008) Scientists To Examine World’s Weirdest Whale - http:// www.scoop.co.nz/stories/SC0805/S00019.htm (May 6, 2008) Aquarium flips for a new exhibit — dolphins - http:// www.ajc.com/obits/content/living/stories/2008/05/06/aquarium_0507.html (May 7, 2008) Jojoba Association and Whale Conservation Group sign agreement - http://www.bymnews.com/news/newsDetails.php?id=26177 (May 7, 2008) Marine mammal returns to bridge - http://news.bbc.co.uk/ 2/hi/uk_news/scotland/highlands_and_islands/7385991.stm (May 8, 2008) Book review: Hunting at sea, Blood and guts - http:// www.economist.com/books/displaystory.cfm?story_id=11326254 (May 8, 2008) Australia May Abandon Japan Whale Court Bid, Australian Says - http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news? pid=20601101&sid=aUuMakH0IpJo&refer=japan (May 8, 2008) By George, a dashing dolphin that chases cats - http:// www.stuff.co.nz/stuff/4515077a26642.html (May 8, 2008) UP villagers brutally kill rare Gangetic Dolphin - http://www.ibnlive.com/news/up-villagers-brutally-kill-rare-gangetic- dolphin/64850-3.html (May 8, 2008) Dolphin ambassadors - Georgia Aquarium's exhibit will help mammals in the wild, too - http://www.ajc.com/opinion/content/ opinion/stories/2008/05/08/dolphinsed.html (May 8, 2008) All eyes trained on the sea whale migration starts - http://www.northernstar.com.au/storydisplay.cfm?storyid=3771908 (May 8, 2008) Early whales got the bends - http:// www.newscientist.com/channel/life/dn13862-early-whales-got-the- bends.html?feedId=online-news_rss20 (May 8, 2008) Searching for whales in Norway - http:// travel.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/travel/holiday_type/ wildlife/article3894170.ece (May 9, 2008) Dead whale found stuck under San Francisco pier - http://www.examiner.com/ a-1382530~Dead_whale_found_stuck_under_San_Francisco_pier.html (May 9, 2008) Dead whale washes ashore at Chevron - http:// www.gulflive.com/news/mississippipress/index.ssf?/base/news/ 121032811574330.xml (May 12, 2008) Whale protection rule affecting cargo ships is put on hold - http://www.fosters.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080512/ NEWS0104/828454019 (May 12, 2008) Georgia Aquarium staking a lot on flipper - http:// www.charleston.net/news/2008/may/12/ georgia_aquarium_staking_lot_on_flipper40499/ (May 12, 2008) Some dolphins are party animals - http:// www.wildlifeextra.com/go/news/cardigan-dolphins734.html I wish you all the best for the approaching summer! Catharina Clausen ************************************************************************ ** baiji.org foundation Kanzleistrasse 127 CH-8004 Zurich Switzerland tel. (+41) 43 317 10 00 fax (+41) 43 317 10 09 mobil (+41) 79 281 18 65 catharina(a)baiji.org ************************************************************************ **

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New publications on Mediterranean monk seals from Madeira
by Alexandros Karamanlidis 12 May '08

12 May '08

Name: Alexandros Karamanlidis Email: alkar(a)bio.auth.gr Title: New publications on Mediterranean monk seals from Madeira Message: Dear MARMAMers We would like to draw your attention upon two articles published recently by the Parque Natural da Madeira Service in cooperation with MOm/Hellenic Society for the Study and Protection of the Monk seal, on the activity patterns and conservation of Mediterranean monk seals at the archipelago of Madeira: * Pires, R., H.C. Neves & A.A. Karamanlidis. 2007. Activity patterns of the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) in the archipelago of Madeira. Aquatic Mammals 33(3): 327-336. * Pires, R., H.C. Neves & A.A. Karamanlidis. 2008. The Critically Endangered Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus in the archipelago of Madeira: priorities for conservation. Oryx 42(2): 278-285. PDF reprints can be requested from: ROSA PIRES, Parque Natural da Madeira Email: rosapnm(a)hotmail.com ALEXANDROS KARAMANLIDIS Email: alkar(a)bio.auth.gr _____ I am using the free version of SPAMfighter for private users. It has removed 2578 spam emails to date. Paying users do not have this message in their emails. Try SPAMfighter <http://www.spamfighter.com/len> for free now!

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Bottlenose Dolphin summer Courses
by Bruno Diaz 10 May '08

10 May '08

Please see the announcement below. There are still places available. Please note: further information can be viewed and printed out from the following website: www.thebdri.com The Bottlenose Dolphin Research Institute - BDRI - offers comprehensive and intensive Bottlenose Dolphin Research Courses (BDRC) during the 2008 Summer Season for motivated individuals, who are seeking thorough training in approaches to the study of free ranging wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). We invite you to join our ongoing study of the behaviour, habitat use and social lives of these amazing dolphins on the Emerald Coast, Sardinia Island (Italy). These intensive educational courses provide experience in specialized non-invasive research techniques, consisting of field sessions and lectures. The courses will last 6 or 13 days, and - weather permitting - we will be out on the water at least during 4 or 8 of these days respectively. Although our project focuses primarily on bottlenose dolphins, you will also experience the complex Mediterranean coastal ecosystem in which we live and work. BDRI field courses provide invaluable exposure to boat based field work, marine mammals research, intensive training and mentoring in marine ecology, and encouragement to work hard, have fun, and learn from the dolphins and each other. Learning, at its best, should be an active process, one in which the students are challenged on a daily basis with responsibilities that play a large part in the outcome of the research projects. Working with us and our staff, you will rotate between tasks on land and sea. Onboard our research vessels you will work together with our team in search of cetaceans. To refine details of bottlenose dolphin population biology and responses to human activities at sea, we will take identification photos, observe behaviour, record environmental data, monitor vocalizations using a hydrophone, etc. Research courses can be used for academic or vocational purposes, but students are solely responsible for making all arrangements for receiving relevant credit(s) as a result of completing the training course. BDRI's courses give an insight into the workings of a research team, and provide experience in a wide range of areas including scientific data collection, analysis and presentation; giving public talks and much more. To be successful participants in this project,students should have open minds, flexibility in changing situations, and a desire to help and to learn. All classes will be in a form of both (a) lectures that will lead to more "informal" discussion, hopefully ending with a constructive brainstorming on the specific topic, as well as (b) instructions with handon practical component, especially when it involves field techniques. Course 1. Bottlenose dolphin: Field methods in the wild (1st Team: 9 June; 2nd Team: 28 July; 3rd team: 8 September) Course 2. Study of bottlenose dolphin behaviour (1st Team: 2 June; 2nd Team: 14 July; 3rd team: 22 September) Course 3. Bottlenose dolphins Photo-identification & Social structure course (1st Team: 9 June; 2nd Team: 16 June; 3rd team: 7 July; 4th Team: 11 August; 5th Team: 1st September) Course 4. Bioacoustics of bottlenose dolphins in the wild (1st Team: 30 June; 2nd Team: 4 August; 3rd team: 1 September) Further information, fees and how to apply can be found on our website (www.thebdri.com) or by e-mail at info(a)thebdri.com Recent selected scientific publications by BDRI: 1. Díaz López B. and Shirai, J.A., 2008. Marine aquaculture and bottlenose dolphins social structure. Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 62(6): 887-894. 2. Díaz López B., Bunke, M. and Shirai, J.A., 2008. Marine aquaculture off Sardinia Island (Italy): ecosystem effects evaluated through a trophic mass-balance model. Ecological Modelling 212: 292-303. 3. Díaz López, B., Shirai, J.A.; Bilbao Prieto, A. & Méndez Fernández, P., In press. Diving activity of a solitary wild free ranging bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of Marine Biological Association U.K. 4. Bunke, M., Díaz López, B., Shirai, J.A.B., 2008. The role of bottlenose dolphins in a coastal ecosystem assessed using mass-balanced models. 22nd Annual Conference of the European Cetacean Society, Egmond aan Zee, The Netherlands, 10-12 March 2008 5.Environmental & anthropogenic variables influencing bottlenose dolphin presence in a marine fin fish farm. 22nd Annual Conference of the European Cetacean Society, Egmond aan Zee, The Netherlands, 10-12 March 2008 6.Troncone, R., Díaz López, B., Shirai, J.A.B., 2008. Trial of acoustics deterrents for prevention of bottlenose dolphin depredation on gillnets. 22nd Annual Conference of the European Cetacean Society, Egmond aan Zee, The Netherlands, 10-12 March 2008 7. Díaz López B. and Shirai, J.A., 2007. "Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) presence and incidental capture in a marine fish farm on the noth-eastern coast of Sardinia (Italy)" Journal of Marine Biological Association U.K, 87, 113-117. 8. Díaz López, B. and Shirai, J.A., 2007. "Human activities and bottlenose dolphin's social structure". Oral communication presented at the 21st Annual Conference of the European Cetacean Society, San Sebastián, Spain, 2007. 9. Underhill, K., Díaz López, B., and Shirai, J.A., 2007."Boat traffic effects on the diving behaviour of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Sardinia, Italy". Poster presented at the 21st Annual Conference of the European Cetacean Society, San Sebastián, Spain, 2007. 10. Díaz López, B., 2006. "Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Predation on a Marine Fin Fish Farm: Some Underwater Observations". Aquatic Mammals 32(3): 305 - 310 pp. 11. Díaz López, B. & Bernal Shirai, J.A., 2006. "Estudio multiescalar de la influencia de la acuicultura en la presencia de delfines mulares Tursiops truncatus (Montagu 1821)". CIVA, 2006: 282 - 290pp. 12. Díaz López, B., 2006. "Interactions between Mediterranean bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and gillnets off Sardinia". ICES Journal of Marine Science 63: 944-951 pp. 13. Díaz López, B. & Bernal Shirai, J.A., 2006. "Diurnal & Nocturnal behaviour of bottlenose dolphin groups with emphasis on foraging activity on the northeastern coast of Sardinia (Italy)". 20th Annual Conference of the European Cetacean Society 2006 - Gdynia, Polonia. 14. Bernal Shirai, J. A., Díaz López, B., Méndez Fernández, P., Bilbao Prieto, A. & Díaz da Silva, J.I., 2006. "Analysis of diving behaviour of a solitary male bottlenose dolphin in the inshore waters of Galicia (Spain)" 20th Annual Conference of the European Cetacean Society 2006 - Gdynia, Polonia. Bruno Diaz Lopez Research Biologist / Marine Zoologist Chief Researcher The Bottlenose Dolphin Research Institute BDRI V.Diaz Nº4 07020 Golfo Aranci (SS) Italy http://www.thebdri.com info(a)thebdri.com Tel: + (39) 346 081 5414

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New publications week 15
by Jan Herrmann 09 May '08

09 May '08

Dear all, here are some new publications of week 15/ 2008, which haven't been announced on MARMAM earlier AFAIK. By clicking the following link you are guided to a website, where the following and the latest Aquatic Mammals references are linked to their according journal homepages. There you can find abstracts and contact information: http://www.mmbib.com/news.php Please do not contact MARMAM, the MARMAM editors or me for reprints. Thank you. Thanks to all of you who sent in reprints to be included in the weekly announcements. Kindest Regards, Jan Herrmann CETACEA Bisconti, M. (2008): Morphology and phylogenetic relationships of a new eschrichtiid genus (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Early Pliocene of northern Italy. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 153(1): 161-186. Dawson, C.E. et al. (2008): Isolation and characterization of brucella from the lungworms of a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 44(2): 237-246. Mihindukulasuriya, K.A. et al. (2008): Identification of a Novel Coronavirus from a Beluga Whale Using a Pan-viral Microarray. Journal of Virology 82(10): 5084-5088. Moore, S.E. et al. (2007/2008): Including Whale Call Detection in Standard Ocean Measurements: Application of Acoustic Seagliders. Marine Technology Society Journal 41(4): . Neimanis, A.S. et al. (2008): Evidence of Exposure to Brucella sp. in Harbor Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the Bay of Fundy, Canada. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 44(2): 480-485. Sorensen, K.C., S. Venn-Watson, and S.H. Ridgway (2008): Trace and non-trace elements in blood cells of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): variations with values from liver function indicators. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 44(2): 304-317. Venn-Watson, S., C.R. Smith, and E.D. Jensen (2008): Assessment of increased serum aminotransferases in a managed atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) population. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 44(2): 318-330. PINNIPEDIA Luque, S.P. et al. (2008): Corrigendum - Ontogeny of body size and shape of Antarctic and subantarctic fur seals. Canadian Journal of Zoology 86(5): 446. MacLean, R.A. et al. (2008): Persistent Right Aortic Arch and Cribiform Plate Aplasia in a Northern Elephant Seal (Mirounga angustirostris). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 44(2): 499-504. OTHER MARINE MAMMALS -- --> jan.herrmann -at - cetacea.de

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Endangered Species Research: Call for Papers
by Godley, Brendan 08 May '08

08 May '08

Dear Colleagues I write to notify marmam community of the current relevant calls for Theme Sections ongoing at Endangered Species Research http://www.int-res.com/journals/esr/esr-home/ For more information see specific Theme below or http://www.int-res.com/journals/esr/esr-specials/ * Tracking Vertebrates for Conservation II <http://www.int-res.com/journals/esr/esr-specials/tracking-vertebrates-f or-conservation-ii/> * Incorporating Climate Change Into Endangered Species Conservation <http://www.int-res.com/journals/esr/esr-specials/incorporating-climate- change-into-endangered-species-conservation/> * Forensic Methods in Conservation Research <http://www.int-res.com/journals/esr/esr-specials/forensic-methods-in-co nservation-research/> * The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Assessing Its Utility and Value <http://www.int-res.com/journals/esr/esr-specials/the-iucn-red-list-of-t hreatened-species-assessing-its-utility-and-value/> These follow on from the success of: * Tracking Vertebrates for Conservation <http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/esr/v4/n1-2/> (published January 18, 2008, as Vol. 4, Nos. 1-2) * Fisheries Bycatch: Problems and Solutions <http://www.int-res.com/journals/esr/esr-specials/fisheries-bycatch-prob lems-and-solutions/> (now being compiled; see http://www.int-res.com/journals/esr/esr-forthcoming/ * Range-wide Status and Conservation of the Goliath Grouper <http://www.int-res.com/journals/esr/esr-specials/range-wide-status-and- conservation-of-the-goliath-grouper/> (now being compiled) Please feel free to contact me or listed Editors if you have any queries regarding suitability. With kind regards Brendan Dr. Brendan J. Godley Senior Lecturer in Conservation Biology Centre for Ecology & Conservation School of Biosciences University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus TR10 9EZ, UK Tel: +44 1326 371 861 Homepage: http://www.seaturtle.org/mtrg/ Editor-in-Chief, Endangered Species Research http://www.int-res.com/journals/esr/

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Publication series concerning killer whale predation
by Terrie M. Williams 07 May '08

07 May '08

MARMAM, Over the past ten years there has been considerable debate regarding the role of killer whale predation on marine mammal declines in the North Pacific. The publication series is an excellent example of scientific debate that should be of interest to both the scientific and non-scientific communities. The following list of publications provides some of the key issues and the opportunity for comparative analysis. Seminar groups may find the series fodder for extended discussions. Best, Terrie M. Williams williams(a)biology.ucsc.edu 1. Estes, J.A., Tinker, M.T., Williams, T.M., and Doak, D.F. (1998) Killer whale predation on sea otters linking oceanic and nearshore ecosystems. Science 282: 473-476. Provides initial evidence regarding the potential impact of killer whale predation on sea otter populations in the Aleutian Islands. 2. Springer, A.M., Estes, J.A., van Vliet, G.B., Williams, T.M., Doak, D.F., Danner, E.M., Forney, K.A., and Pfister, B. (2003) Sequential megafaunal collapse in the North Pacific Ocean: An ongoing legacy of industrial whaling? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100(21): 12223-12228. Suggests a mechanism that may have instigated changes in predation pressure by killer whales. 3. Williams, T.M., Estes, J.A., Doak, D.F., and Springer, A.M. (2004) Killer appetites: Assessing the role of predators in ecological communities. Ecology 85(12): 3373-3384. Provides details on the energetic analysis and extends the predation argument to Steller sea lions. 4. A side-by-side debate hosted by the Society of Marine Mammalogy culminated in the following articles, which were to be published as a point-counterpoint series in Marine Mammal Science. Trites, A.W., Deecke, V.B., Gregr, E.J., Ford, J.K.B., and Olesiuk, P.F. (2007) Killer whales, whaling, and sequential megafaunal collapse in the North Pacific: A comparative analysis of the dynamics of marine mammals in Alaska and British Columbia following commercial whaling. Marine Mammal Science 23(4): 751765. Wade, P.R. and 22 others (2007) Killer whales and marine mammal trends in the North Pacific a re-examination of evidence for sequential megafaunal collapse and the prey switching hypothesis. Marine Mammal Science 23(4): 766802. Springer, A.M., Estes, J.A., vanVliet, G.B., Williams, T.M, Doak, D.F., Danner, E.M., and Pfister, B. (2008) Mammal-eating killer whales, industrial whaling, and the sequential megafaunal collapse in the North Pacific Ocean: A reply to critics of Springer et al. 2003. Marine Mammal Science 24(2): 414442.

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