The following paper is available in the Journal of Cetacean Research & Management: Hauser, DDW, GR VanBlaricom, EE Holmes, and RW Osborne. 2006. Evaluating the use of whalewatch data in determining killer whale (Orcinus orca) distribution patterns. Journal of Cetacean Research & Management 8(3):273-281. Abstract: Commercial whalewatching has been used as an opportunistic data source for studies of cetacean distribution, but there are few comprehensive analyses of the biases and assumptions implicit in such methodology. Our goal was to evaluate the utility of data generated by commercial whalewatch operators using a case study of whalewatchers targeting killer whales (Orcinus orca) within Washington and British Columbia inshore waters. In this region, many whalewatch vessels work cooperatively in a small, semi-enclosed area to locate and identify well-known killer whales. To address search biases and cross-examine the accuracy in killer whale locations and pod identifications by whalewatchers, an independent field study was conducted. The whalewatch data were 91.7% accurate in locating killer whales, but only 74.1% of those sightings were correctly identified to pod. However, identification accuracy increased to 92.6% when errors due to sub-pod mis-identification were excluded and 96.3% when early morning (before 10:30) unknown pod sightings were additionally excluded. Recommendations for specific uses of these data are presented, and it is suggested that these data can be used for description of spatial use patterns by killer whales, with recognition of dataset limitations. Results of this study indicate that examination of biases is necessary before initiating research using data generated by commercial whalewatchers, but such data sources can be effective for specific study questions if limitations are known. Although the whalewatch situation described here is relatively unique because it targets a small, well-known population, this study presents a practical methodology for evaluating the efficiency of whalewatch vessels in detecting and identifying cetaceans. Globally, whalewatching industries are increasing in number and geographic scope, and capitalizing on these platforms of opportunity represents potentially valuable and accurate data for studies of cetacean distribution. PDFs of the article are available to download from http://staff.washington.edu/dhauser/ or by email request to dhauser@u.washington.edu. <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Donna D. W. Hauser School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Box 355020 Seattle, WA 98195 dhauser@u.washington.edu http://staff.washington.edu/dhauser/