Dear MARMAM Members We are pleased to announce that the following paper has been published in Biological Journal of Linnean Society Living between rapids: genetic structure and hybridization in botos (Cetacea: Iniidae: Inia spp.) of the Madeira River, Brazil Gravena, W., da Silva, V.M.F., da Silva, M.N. F., Farias, I.P. and Hrbek, T. Until the recent construction of hydroelectric dams, a series of 18 rapids divided the upper and lower Madeira River, and these rapids were thought to separate two species of Amazonian freshwater dolphins (boto): Inia boliviensis (above) and I. geoffrensis (below). Some reports and articles, however, mention the occurrence of botos within the rapids region and that they occasionally cross the rapids, but without mentioning the species concerned. Based on our previous studies, it is likely that I. boliviensis occurs in the region of the rapids. To test this supposition, we sampled 18 individuals from this region, and collected mitochondrial (control region, cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I) and nuclear (10 microsatellite loci) DNA data, in order to test if there is connectivity between the dolphins that were found within the rapids region and dolphins collected upstream and downstream of the rapids, and investigate population structuring between these localities. All animals in our study were molecularly identified using three mitochondrial markers as belonging to the species I. boliviensis. Animals upstream of the Teotônio waterfall, the main and highest waterfall of the region, had nuclear genome of I. boliviensis, while most dolphins downstream of the waterfall had nuclear genome of I. geoffrensis. Inia boliviensis collected in the rapids region above the Teotônio waterfall belong to a management unit (MU) distinct from the I. boliviensis MU occupying Bolivian rivers. Downstream of Teotônio waterfall most dolphins are I. boliviensis/ geoffrensis hybrids, with remaining individuals being migrant I. boliviensis http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bij.12463/abstract Please contact me for any more information. Best wishes -- Waleska Gravena, Dra. Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos - LMA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal - LEGAL Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM www.evoamazon.net Associação Amigos do Peixe-Boi - AMPA www.ampa.org.br