Dear MARMAM readers, My co-authors and I are pleased to announce the recent publication of the following article in the Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports “Genomic and proteomic identification of Late Holocene remains: Setting baselines for Black Sea odontocetes”. By: Vincent Biard, Pavel Gol’din, Elena Gladilina, Karina Vishnyakova, Krista McGrath, Filipe G. Vieira, Nathan Wales, Michael C. Fontaine, Camilla Speller and Morten Tange Olsen. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 15C (2017) pp. 262-271 ; DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.07.008 Open Access: https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1Vajq,rVDBJ-p4 <https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1Vajq,rVDBJ-p4> Abstract: A critical challenge of the 21st century is to understand and minimise the effects of human activities on bio- diversity. Cetaceans are a prime concern in biodiversity research, as many species still suffer from human im- pacts despite decades of management and conservation efforts. Zooarchaeology constitutes a valuable approach for informing conservation and management decisions by providing baseline information on the past distribution and human uses of species. However, traditional morphological species identification of mixed assemblage bones can be challenging, particularly in the case of cetaceans. To address this issue, we applied and evaluated the performance of three biomolecular approaches – Sanger sequencing, shotgun sequencing and collagen peptide fingerprinting (ZooMS) – for species identification in a mixed assemblage of 800 to 1600 years old odontocete (toothed whale) samples from the site of Chersonesus in Crimea, Ukraine. We found that ZooMS allowed for identification to the taxonomic level for 28 of our 30 samples (> 90%), identifying them as either “porpoise” or “dolphin”, and approximately half of those samples could be further identified to species level with the shotgun sequencing approach. In addition, shotgun sequencing produced several complete ancient odontocete mito- genomes and auxiliary nuclear genomic data for further exploration in a population genetic context. In contrast, both morphological identification and Sanger sequencing lacked taxonomic resolution and/or resulted in mis- classification of samples. We found that the combination of ZooMS and shotgun sequencing provides a powerful tool in zooarchaeology, and here allowed for a deeper understanding of past marine resource use and its im- plication for current management and conservation of Black Sea odontocetes. For any questions, please feel free to contact me : vincentbiard33@gmail.com <mailto:vincentbiard33@gmail.com> Cheers Vincent Biard, MSc Natural History Museum of Denmark