Dear Colleagues, A new article is available online. Holt, M.M., Southall, B.L., Insley, S.J., and Schusterman, R.J. Call directionality and its behavioural significance in male northern elephant seals (/Mirounga angustirostris/). /Animal Behaviour/. 80: 351-361. Abstract : Animals often produce sounds that are focused in a particular direction relative to the caller’s orientation. Although many studies have suggested ways in which directional signal design might have behavioural significance among vocally interacting individuals, there are few direct tests using experimental approaches. During the breeding season and while fasting on land, male northern elephant seals produce airborne threat calls during dyadic interactions when competing for mating opportunities. In this study, we investigated the directional cues of these calls and tested hypotheses regarding directional signalling with respect to the behaviour of receivers during vocally mediated male agonistic interactions. We then determined effects of vocal directionality on receiver responses using an acoustic playback approach. We found that male calls had substantial directionality, particularly at higher frequencies (>1000 Hz). Subordinate males responded more strongly by retreating when the caller faced the receiver compared to when the caller was at a right angle or faced away. We also found a significant difference in responses to playback sequences with different call directivity patterns. Males displayed significantly more negative phonotaxis (i.e. moved away) in response to playbacks that simulated a caller oriented towards them compared to when playbacks simulated a caller oriented away from them. These results suggest that the directionality of threat calls provides important information about the auditory scene and spatial orientation of conspecifics and that this trait, along with the receiver’s ability to extract this information, may have evolved as a consequence of its effect on the breeding success and fitness of the individual. Published by Animal Behaviour, doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.06.013 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.06.013> -- __________________________________ Marla M. Holt, Ph.D. Research Wildlife Biologist Marine Mammal Ecology NOAA/NMFS Northwest Fisheries Science Center 2725 Montlake Blvd East Seattle, WA 98112 Phone: 206.860.3261 Fax: 206.860.3475 www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/research/divisions/cbd/marine_mammal/marinemammal.cfm
ARCTIC SCIENCE FELLOWSHIP The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), a national nonprofit conservation organization, has an opening for a one-year, full-time, Arctic ecologist in our Washington, DC office effective immediately. The Fellow will work with NRDC's Arctic Project as part of a team focusing on the impacts of global warming, oil and gas activities, and other environmental stressors on all forms of Arctic life. He/she will also collaborate with other science fellows in NRDC's Science Center. This position is modeled after the AAAS Environmental Fellowship program and is designed as an opportunity to make practical contributions to the more effective use of scientific and technical information in environmental policy decision-making. We are preferably looking for a post graduate ecologist/environmental engineer/conservation biologist, with strong data analysis skills and a specialty in ecology, oceanography, wildlife or related field. Prior field experience in the Arctic and/or experience with oil and gas drilling issues could be very helpful, but not required. Policy expertise is desirable so long as there is a very strong science background. Familiarity with multi-spatial ocean planning would be a plus. The Arctic science fellow's principle project will be to develop a protection strategy or conservation framework for America's Arctic. The fellow will assess and analyze scientific literature across several fields requiring quantitative and qualitative skills. The fellow also needs strong speaking and writing skills to present his/her work in a credible manner. Specific tasks may include some of the following projects: identification of the biological "hot spots" and how best to protect them as part of an America's Arctic protection strategy, prepare a peer reviewed paper outlining the protection strategy, write a summary report from the scientific literature on the impacts from global warming on America's Arctic for opinion-leaders and decision-makers, review and evaluate BLM and BOEMR&E EIS's and other documents regarding oil and gas activities, and work with NRDC's communications, online, membership and advocacy people to develop materials based on scientific information to inform policy makers, our members and the general public. Applicants preferably should have a PhD or equivalent doctoral-level degree in ecology or oceanography or related field, with experience in modeling or statistics; an excellent scientific or technical background; and a strong interest in applying scientific knowledge to environmental problems. The successful applicant will also have excellent writing skills and enjoy working on an interdisciplinary team with people from different professional backgrounds. He/she should thrive under a fast-paced environment, with well-honed abilities to manage and prioritize work. The salary for this position is commensurate with experience. We offer excellent benefits and a pleasant working environment. NRDC is an equal opportunity employer, and we particularly encourage women and people of color to apply. Interested applicants should forward a letter of interest, which addresses the following: (a) why the fellowship is desired, (b) how the candidate is qualified, (c) what issues interest the candidate, and (d) how the candidate hopes the fellowship will affect his/her career goals. Applicants should also submit a resume and a writing sample. Applications will be received until the position is filled. Interested applicants should email a cover letter, resume, and writing sample to HR_DC@NRDC.org. No phone calls or faxes, please. For further information about NRDC, please visit www.nrdc.org.
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Marla Holt -
Wetzler, Andrew