Dear colleagues, Greetings! We are delighted to announce a new paper on dolphin cognition - Johnson, C.M., Sullivan, J., Buck, C.L., Trexel, J. & Scarpuzzi, M. (2014) Visible and invisible displacement with dynamic visual occlusion in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp) ANIMAL COGNITION, 18. DOI 10.1007/s10071-014-0788-2 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10071-014-0788-2 ABSTRACT Anticipating the location of a temporarily obscured target - what Piaget (1954) called "object permanence" - is a critical skill, especially in hunters of mobile prey. Previous research with bottlenose dolphins found they could predict the location of a target that had been visibly displaced into an opaque container, but not one that was first placed in an opaque container and then invisibly displaced to another container. We tested whether, by altering the task to involve occlusion rather than containment, these animals could show more advanced object permanence skills. We projected dynamic visual displays at an underwater-viewing window and videotaped the animals' head moves while observing these displays. In Experiment 1, the animals observed a small black disk moving behind occluders that shifted in size, ultimately forming one large occluder. Nine out of ten subjects "tracked" the presumed movement of the disk behind this occluder on their first trial -- and in a statistically significant number of subsequent trials -- confirming their visible displacement abilities. In Experiment 2, we tested their invisble displacement abilities. The disk first disappeared behind a pair of moving occluders, which then moved behind a stationary occluder. The moving occluders then reappeared and separated, revealing that the disk was no longer behind them. The subjects subsequently looked to the correct stationary occluder on 8 of their 10 first trials, and in a statistically significant number of subsequent trials. Thus, by altering the stimuli to be more ecologically valid, we were able to show that the dolphins could indeed succeed at an invisible displacement task. Keywords: Object permanence, invisible displacement, bottlenose dolphins, occlusion, secondary representations Rerints available on request. Best Chris Johnson et al Christine M. Johnson, PhD Department of Cognitive Science University of California, San Diego Ph: 858-534-9854 FAX 858-534-1128