From: Leszek Karczmarski  mailto:leszek@cetacea-institute.org  We are pleased to announce a 2-part Special Issue on “Individual Identification and Photographic Techniques in Mammalian Ecological and Behavioural Research” published recently in Mammalian Biology.  All articles are currently freely downloadable, please see the links below: Part 1:  Methods and Concepts --  https://www.springer.com/journal/42991/updates/23466526  Part 2: Field Studies and Applications --  https://www.springer.com/journal/42991/updates/24045190    Articles listed as “Freely Available” can be fully downloaded for a limited period of time.   PDFs of Part 1 can be downloaded through the end of April 2023, and PDFs of Part 2 through the end of June 2023.  After these dates, all  “Freely Available” articles will turn into Free-to-Read online, and will remain so indefinitely.     See below for further details:    Individual Identification and Photographic Techniques in Mammalian Ecological and Behavioural Research Part 1: Methods and Concepts  https://www.springer.com/journal/42991/updates/23466526 Editors:  Leszek Karczmarski,  Stephen C.Y. Chan,  Daniel I. Rubenstein,  Scott Y.S. Chui  and  Elissa Z. Cameron --- PREFACE 1.   Individual identification and photographic techniques in mammalian ecological and behavioural research — Part 1:  Methods and concepts Authors:   Leszek Karczmarski,  Stephen C. Y. Chan,  Daniel I. Rubenstein,  Scott Y. S. Chui  and  Elissa Z. Cameron https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00319-2 --- Theme I  -  ANALYTICAL INNOVATIONS 2.   Assessing social structure: a data-driven approach to define associations between individuals Authors:   Sara B. Tavares,  Hal Whitehead  and  Thomas Doniol-Valcroze https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00231-9 3.   Preserving identity in capture–mark–recapture studies: increasing the accuracy of minimum number alive (MNA) estimates by incorporating inter-census trapping efficiency variation Authors:   Julius G. Bright Ross,  Chris Newman,  Christina D. Buesching  and  David W. Macdonald https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00210-6 4.   spaceNtime: an R package for estimating abundance of unmarked animals using camera-trap photographs Authors:   Anna K. Moeller  and  Paul M. Lukacs https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00181-8 --- Theme II  -  NOVEL FIELD TECHNIQUES 5.   A novel technique for aging male African elephants (Loxodonta africana) using craniofacial photogrammetry and geometric morphometrics Authors:   Caitlin E. O’Connell-Rodwell,  Patrick T. Freeman,  Colleen Kinzley,  Monica N. Sandri,  Jodie L. Berezin,  Maggie Wiśniewska,  Kelsey Jessup  and  Timothy C. Rodwell https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00238-2 6.   Automated, high-throughput image calibration for parallel-laser photogrammetry Authors:   Jack L. Richardson,  Emily J. Levy,  Riddhi Ranjithkumar,  Huichun Yang,  Eric Monson,  Arthur Cronin,  Jordi Galbany,  Martha M. Robbins,  Susan C. Alberts,  Mark E. Reeves  and  Shannon C. McFarlin   https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00174-7 7.   A photogrammetric method to estimate total length of the largest mammal, the blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) Authors:   Christian D. Ortega-Ortiz,  Ricardo M. Mata Cruz,  Tim Gerrodette  and  Diane Gendron https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00307-6 8.   Everyone matters: identification with facial wrinkles allows more accurate inference of elephant social dynamics Authors:   Scott Y.S. Chui  and  Leszek Karczmarski https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00257-z --- Theme III  -  INNOVATIVE CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS 9.   The potential for acoustic individual identification in mammals Authors:   Pavel Linhart,  Mathieu Mahamoud-Issa,  Dan Stowell  and  Daniel T. Blumstein https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00222-2 10.   Predicting the individual identity of non-invasive faecal and hair samples using biotelemetry clusters Authors:   Levi Newediuk  and  Eric Vander Wal https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00173-8 11.   Evaluating likelihood-based photogrammetry for individual recognition of four species of northern ungulates Authors:    Isobel F. G. Ness,  Thomas S. Jung  and  Fiona K. A. Schmiegelow https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00223-1 12.   Evaluating the use of thermal imagery to count harbor seals in aerial surveys Authors:   Cynthia L. Christman,  Josh M. London,  Paul B. Conn,  Stacie K. Hardy,  Gavin M. Brady,  Shawn P. Dahle,  Benjamin X. Hou  and  Heather L. Ziel    https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00191-6 13.   Multi-regional comparison of scarring and pigmentation patterns in Cuvier’s beaked whales Authors:   Frazer G. Coomber,  Erin A. Falcone,  Erin L. Keene,  Gustavo Cardenas-Hinojosa,  Rodrigo Huerta-Patino  and  Massimiliano Rosso https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00226-6 14.   Assessing male gelada chest patches: color measurement and physiological mechanisms Authors:   Patricia M. DeLacey,  Rachel F. Perlman,  Sharmi Sen,  India Schneider-Crease,  Kenneth L. Chiou,  Alemayehu Lemma,  Ferehiwot Ayele,  James P. Higham,  Amy Lu,  Noah Snyder-Mackler,  Jacinta C. Beehner  and  Thore J. Bergman https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00211-5 --- Theme IV  -  PHOTOGRAPHIC AND IDENTIFICATION PROTOCOL 15.   Drone-based photogrammetry assessments of body size and body condition of Antillean manatees Authors:  Eric Angel Ramos,  Sarah Landeo-Yauri,  Nataly Castelblanco-Martinez,  Maria Renee Arreola,  Adam H. Quade  and  Guillaume Rieucau https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00228-4 16.   Effect of matching uncertainty on population parameter estimation in mark-recapture analysis of photo-identification data Authors:   Erin Ashe  and  Philip S. Hammond https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00236-4 17.   Bat selfies: photographic surveys of flying bats Authors:   Jens Rydell,  Danilo Russo,  Price Sewell,  Ernest C. J. Seamark,  Charles M. Francis,  Sherri L. Fenton  and  M. Brock Fenton https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00233-7 18.   Adapting photo-identification methods to study poorly marked cetaceans: a case study for common dolphins and harbor porpoises Authors:   Cindy R. Elliser,  Krista van der Linde  and  Katrina MacIver https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00194-3 19.   Species identification of morphologically similar tropical dolphins and estimating group size using aerial imagery in coastal waters Authors:   Holly C. Raudino,  Christophe Cleguer,  Melanie A. Hamel,  Michael Swaine  and  Kelly A. Waples https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00214-2 20.   A method for marking individual animals in motion-triggered camera studies Authors:   Yasmine N. Majchrzak,  Allyson K. Menzies,  Darcy Doran-Myers,  Michael J. L. Peers,  Emily K. Studd,  Rudy Boonstra  and  Stan Boutin https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00225-7 21.   Using camera traps to study hyenas: challenges, opportunities, and outlook Authors:   Arjun Dheer,  Dinal Samarasinghe,  Stephanie M. Dloniak  and  Alexander Braczkowski https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00188-1 22.   Individual identification of armadillos (Mammalia, Cingulata) using a photo-identification software Authors:   Jorge A. Gallo,  Agustin M. Abba  and  Mariella Superina https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00260-4 23.   Identifying individual ungulates from fecal DNA: a comparison of field collection methods to maximize efficiency, ease, and success Authors:   Bryan H. Bach,  Ashling B. Quigley,  Kaitlyn M. Gaynor,  Alex McInturff,  Kristin L. Charles,  Janelle Dorcy  and  Justin S. Brashares https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00176-5 --- Theme V  -  AUTOMATED INDIVIDUAL RECOGNITION 24.   Pre-trained models are not enough: active and lifelong learning is important for long-term visual monitoring of mammals in biodiversity research — Individual identification and attribute prediction with image features from deep neural networks and decoupled decision models applied to elephants and great apes Authors:   Paul Bodesheim,  Jan Blunk,  Matthias Korschens,  Clemens-Alexander Brust,  Christoph Kading  and  Joachim Denzler https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00224-8 25.   Similarity learning networks for animal individual re-identification: an ecological perspective Authors:   Stefan Schneider,  Graham W. Taylor  and  Stefan C. Kremer https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00215-1 26.   Advanced image recognition: a fully automated, high-accuracy photo-identification matching system for humpback whales Authors:   Ted Cheeseman,  Ken Southerland,  Jinmo Park,  Marilia Olio,  Kiirsten Flynn,  John Calambokidis,  Lindsey Jones,  Claire Garrigue,  Astrid Frisch Jordan,  Addison Howard,  Walter Reade,  Janet Neilson,  Christine Gabriele  and  Phil Clapham https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00180-9 27.   Feasibility of using convolutional neural networks for individual-identification of wild Asian elephants Authors:   Elgiriyage M. K. de Silva,  Prabhash Kumarasinghe,  Kottahachchi K. D. A. K. Indrajith,  Tennekoon V. Pushpakumara,  Ranapura D. Y. Vimukthi,  Kasun de Zoysa,  Kasun Gunawardana  and  Shermin de Silva https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00206-2 28.   Multispecies facial detection for individual identification of wildlife: a case study across ursids Authors:   Melanie Clapham,  Ed Miller,  Mary Nguyen  and  Russell C. Van Horn https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00168-5 29.   Matching individual Ladoga ringed seals across short-term image sequences Authors:   Ekaterina Nepovinnykh,  Ilia Chelak,  Andrei Lushpanov,  Tuomas Eerola,  Heikki Kälviäinen  and  Olga Chirkova https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00229-3 30.   Assessing the performance of open-source, semi-automated pattern recognition software for harbour seal (P. v. vitulina) photo ID Authors:   Izzy Langley,  Emily Hague  and  Monica Arso Civil https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00165-8 --- Theme VI  -  DATA INTEGRATION AND MANAGEMENT 31.   A simple tool for linking photo-identification with multimedia data to track mammal behaviour Authors:   Alexandre M. S. Machado  and  Mauricio Cantor https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00189-0 32.    catRlog: a photo-identification project management system based in R Authors:   Eric M. Keen,  Julia Wren,  Eadin O’Mahony  and  Janie Wray https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00158-7 33.   Flukebook: an open-source AI platform for cetacean photo identification Authors:   Drew Blount,  Shane Gero,  Jon Van Oast,  Jason Parham,  Colin Kingen,  Ben Scheiner,  Tanya Stere,  Mark Fisher,  Gianna Minton,  Christin Khan,  Violaine Dulau,  Jaime Thompson,  Olga Moskvyak,  Tanya Berger-Wolf,  Charles V. Stewart,  Jason Holmberg  and  J. Jacob Levenson https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00221-3 34.   Artificial intelligence for right whale photo identification: from data science competition to worldwide collaboration Authors:   Christin Khan,  Drew Blount,  Jason Parham,  Jason Holmberg,  Philip Hamilton,  Claire Charlton,  Fredrik Christiansen,  David Johnston,  Will Rayment,  Steve Dawson,  Els Vermeulen,  Victoria Rowntree,  Karina Groch,  J. Jacob Levenson  and  Robert Bogucki https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00253-3 === Part 2: Field Studies and Applications https://www.springer.com/journal/42991/updates/24045190 Editors:   Leszek Karczmarski,  Stephen C.Y. Chan,  Scott Y.S. Chui  and  Elissa Z. Cameron --- PREFACE 1.   Individual identification and photographic techniques in mammalian ecological and behavioural research — Part 2: Field studies and applications Authors:   Leszek Karczmarski,  Stephen C.Y. Chan,  Scott Y.S. Chui  and  Elissa Z. Cameron https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-023-00344-9 --- Theme I  -  REVIEW 2.   Using spot pattern recognition to examine population biology, evolutionary ecology, sociality, and movements of giraffes: a 70-year retrospective Authors:   Derek E. Lee,  George G. Lohay,  Douglas R. Cavener  and  Monica L. Bond https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00261-3 3.   Manatee population traits elucidated through photo-identification Author:   Cathy A. Beck https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00270-2 4.   The value of individual identification in studies of free-living hyenas and aardwolves Authors:   Olivia Sage Brandon Spagnuolo,  Marie Lemerle,  Kay Ellen Holekamp  and  Ingrid Wiesel https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00309-4 --- Theme II  -  DEMOGRAPHY AND POPULATION ECOLOGY 5.   Sharp decline in humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) survival and reproductive success in southeastern Alaska during and after the 2014–2016 Northeast Pacific marine heatwave Authors:   Christine M. Gabriele,  Courtney L. Amundson,  Janet L. Neilson,  Janice M. Straley,  C. Scott Baker  and  Seth L. Danielson https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00187-2 6.   Investigating local population dynamics of bottlenose dolphins in the northern Bahamas and the impact of hurricanes on survival Authors:   Jennifer Coxon,  Monica Arso Civil,  Diane Claridge,  Charlotte Dunn  and  Philip S. Hammond https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00208-0 7.   An unknown component of a well-known population: Socio-demographic parameters of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) at the western reaches of the Pearl River Delta region Authors:   Stephen C.Y. Chan,  Leszek Karczmarski,  Wenzhi Lin,  Ruiqiang Zheng,  Yuen-Wa Ho,  Lang Guo,  Yaqian Mo,  Andy T. L. Lee,  Carmen K. M. Or  and  Yuping Wu https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00335-2 8.   Population density estimate of leopards (Panthera pardus) in north-western Mpumalanga, South Africa, determined using spatially explicit capture–recapture methods Authors:   Declan R. Morris,  Wayne S. J. Boardman,  Lourens H. Swanepoel,  Greg Simpson,  Jannie Coetzee,  Gerrie J. Camacho  and  Todd J. McWhorter https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00179-2 9.   Leopard Panthera pardus camera trap surveys in the arid environments of northern Namibia Authors:   Ruben Portas,  Bettina Wachter,  Piet Beytell,  Kenneth H. Uiseb,  Joerg Melzheimer  and  Sarah Edwards https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00237-3 10.   Spatially explicit population estimates of African leopards and spotted hyenas in the Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area of southwestern Uganda Authors:   Alexander Braczkowski,  Arjun M. Gopalaswamy,  Julien Fattebert,  Sam Isoke,  Alexander Bezzina  and  Martine Maron https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00324-5 11.   The relative role of intrinsic and extrinsic drivers in regulating population change and survival of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) Authors:   David G. Marneweck,  Dave J. Druce,  Joris P. G. M. Cromsigt,  Elizabeth le Roux  and  Michael J. Somers https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00281-z 12.   Estimating population parameters of African elephants: a photographic mark-recapture application in a South African protected area Authors:   Stephen C.Y. Chan,  Scott Y.S. Chui,  Yolanda Pretorius  and  Leszek Karczmarski https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00334-3 --- Theme III  -  SOCIO-ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR 13.   Social responses to the natural loss of individuals in Barbary macaques Authors:   Piotr Fedurek,  Richard McFarland,  Bonaventura Majolo  and  Julia Lehmann https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00283-x 14.   Assessment of social mixing and spatial overlap as a pathway for disease transmission in a northeast Florida estuarine dolphin community Authors:   Emily A. Szott,  Kristin Brightwell  and  Quincy Gibson https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00282-y 15.   Evidence of male alliance formation in a small dolphin community Authors:   Delphine B. H. Chabanne,  Michael Krutzen,  Hugh Finn  and  Simon J. Allen https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00295-7 16.   Social integration of translocated wildlife: a case study of rehabilitated and released elephant calves in northern Kenya Authors:   Shifra Z. Goldenberg,  Stephen M. Chege,  Nelson Mwangi,  Ian Craig,  David Daballen,  Iain Douglas-Hamilton,  Nadine Lamberski,  Moses Lenaipa,  Reuben Lendira,  Colman Lesowapir,  Lekilia P. Lokooria,  Mathew Mutinda,  Fred Omengo,  Katie Rowe,  Jenna Stacy-Dawes,  George Wittemyer  and  Megan A. Owen https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00285-9 17.   Dynamics of short-finned pilot whales long-term social structure in Madeira Authors:   Ruth Esteban,  Philippe Verborgh  and  Luis Freitas https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00280-0 18.   Adolescence and the development of social behaviour in giraffes Authors:   Zoe Muller,  Innes C. Cuthill  and  Stephen Harris https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00197-0 19.   Cheetah marking sites are also used by other species for communication: evidence from photographic data in a comparative setup Authors:   Sarah Edwards,  Rebekka Mueller,  Ralf Roeder,  Joerg Melzheimer  and  Bettina Wachter https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00284-w 20.   Assessing neophobia and exploration while accounting for social context: an example application in scimitar-horned oryx Authors:   Katherine Mertes,  Catherine A. Ressijac,  Rosana N. Moraes,  Lacey F. Hughey,  Luisa H. Porto Alegre,  Megan Horning,  Tara Buk,  Arielle Harwood,  Lawrence Layman,  Christopher Mathews,  Morgan Vance,  Dolores Reed,  Jared A. Stabach  and  Shifra Z. Goldenberg https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00271-1 --- Theme IV  -  SOCIO- AND MORPHO-GENETICS 21.   Association patterns and community structure among female bottlenose dolphins: environmental, genetic and cultural factors Authors:   Svenja M. Marfurt,  Simon J. Allen,  Manuela R. Bizzozzero,  Erik P. Willems,  Stephanie L. King,  Richard C. Connor,  Anna M. Kopps,  Sonja Wild,  Livia Gerber,  Samuel Wittwer  and  Michael Krutzen https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00259-x 22.   Genetic identifications challenge our assumptions of physical development and mother–calf associations and separation times: a case study of the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) Authors:   Philip K. Hamilton,  Brenna A. Frasier,  Lisa A. Conger,  R. Clay George,  Katharine A. Jackson  and  Timothy R. Frasier https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00177-4 23.   Like mother like daughter: quantifying the relationship between relatedness and phenotypic similarity in leopard pelage patterns Authors:   Lucy K. Smyth,  Guy A. Balme,  Ross Tyzack-Pitman,  Jacqueline M. Bishop  and  M. Justin O’Riain https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00308-5 --- Theme V  -  MOVEMENT AND SITE FIDELITY 24.   Proposing a framework for monitoring demographic parameters in local cetacean populations: the case of short-finned pilot whales in Madeira Authors:   Philippe Verborgh,  Elza H. Janssen,  Ruth Esteban,  Pauline Gauffier  and  Luis Freitas https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00266-y 25.   Movements and residency of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in the California Current System Authors:   Erin A. Falcone,  Erin L. Keene,  Eric M. Keen,  Jay Barlow,  James Stewart,  Ted Cheeseman,  Craig Hayslip  and  Daniel M. Palacios https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00298-4 26.   From the Antarctic Peninsula to eastern Australia: the longest migration of a humpback whale through the South Pacific Ocean Authors:   Jorge Acevedo,  Anelio Aguayo-Lobo,  Peta Beeman,  Ted Cheeseman  and  Carlos Olavarria https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00195-2 27.   The longest recorded movement of an inshore common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Authors:   Tilen Genov,  Jure Zeleznik,  Chiara Bruno,  Davide Ascheri,  Elena Fontanesi  and  Monica Francesca Blasi https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00316-5 28.   Extreme moulting site fidelity of the Saimaa ringed seal Authors:   Vincent Biard,  Milaja Nykanen,  Marja Niemi  and  Mervi Kunnasranta https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00209-z --- Theme VI  -  PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND MORPHOMETRICS 29.   Growth trajectories of wild Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) determined from parallel laser photogrammetry Authors:   Simone Anza,  Andreas Berghanel,  Julia Ostner  and  Oliver Schulke https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00262-2 30.   Body length and growth pattern of free-ranging Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins off Mikura Island estimated using an underwater 3D camera Authors:   Tadamichi Morisaka,  Mai Sakai,  Hiromitsu Hama  and  Kazunobu Kogi https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00304-9 31.   Morphometrics and body condition of southern right whales on the calving grounds at Port Ross, Auckland Islands Authors:   David R. Johnston,  William Rayment  and  Stephen M. Dawson https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00175-6 32.   Whisker spots on polar bears reveal increasing fluctuating asymmetry Authors:   Caila E. Kucheravy,  Jane M. Waterman  and  James D. Roth https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00294-8 --- Theme VII  -  HEALTH ASSESSMENT 33.   Cutaneous conditions and injuries in Ziphius cavirostris and Mesoplodon peruvianus from Mexican Pacific and Southern California waters Authors:   Mario A. Onofre-Diaz,  Christian D. Ortega-Ortiz,  Gustavo Cardenas-Hinojosa,  Rodrigo Huerta-Patino,  Erin Falcone,  Jennifer S. Trickey,  Koen Van Waerebeek  and  Marie-Francoise Van Bressem https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00273-z 34.   Prevalence and spatio-temporal variation of epidermal conditions, deformities and injuries in common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Welsh waters Authors:   Anastasios Stylos,  Eleni Akritopoulou,  Chiara G. Bertulli,  Katrin Lohrengel,  Niall McGinty,  Dimitrios K. Moutopoulos  and  Peter G. H. Evans https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00300-z 35.   Health conditions of Guiana dolphins facing cumulative anthropogenic impacts Authors:   Estela Dibo Soares,  Mauricio Cantor,  Ana Paula Frederico Rodrigues Loureiro Bracarense,  Katia Regina Groch  and  Camila Domit https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00299-3 36.   Remote and non-invasive quantification of ‘Tattoo Skin Disease-Like’ dermatopathy in endangered Arabian Sea humpback whales using drone photography Authors:   Matthew S. Leslie,  Louis Kant,  Colin Perkins-Taylor,  Marie-Francoise Van Bressem,  Gianna Minton,  Darryl MacDonald,  Fredrik Christiansen,  Maia Sarrouf Willson,  Tim Collins,  Robert Baldwin,  Suaad Al Harthi  and  Andrew Willson https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00337-0 --- EDITORIAL 37.   Application of multi-species photo-ID database management systems: a user’s perspective Authors:   Stephen C.Y. Chan,  Scott Y.S. Chui  and  Leszek Karczmarski https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-023-00345-8