Contents

Conference Programme................................................................................................ i

Editors’ Preface

Michael Lück, Alice Gräupl, Jan Auyong, Marc L. Miller & Mark B. Orams............. vi

Acknowledgements.................................................................................................... vii

International Steering Committee............................................................................. xi

Conference Welcome

Jan Auyong................................................................................................................... x

Keynote Addresses

Ignorance of insight? An integrated and adaptive model for the long term sustainable management of tourist interactions with marine wildlife

James Higham.............................................................................................................. 2

The leap of faith: Will ethics in tourism go gently (or rage) into that good night?

David A. Fennell........................................................................................................... 3

Developing Lifeguard Services for Tourist Resorts: Legal, Training and Quality Service Considerations

Jeff Wilks...................................................................................................................... 4

Extreme marines: the rise of high risk marine tourism

Mark B. Orams............................................................................................................. 5

Ludic challenges of coastal and marine tourism

Marc L. Miller............................................................................................................... 6

Conference Papers

Theme 1: Marine Wildlife Tourism

Origin and development of whalewatching in the state of Aragua, Venezuela:

Laying the groundwork for sustainability

Jaime Bolaños-Jiménez, Auristela Villarroel-Marin, E.C.M. Parsons,

& Naomi A. Rose........................................................................................................ 16

When and where? The whale-watching industry and the future

Rochelle Constantine & Lars Bejder.......................................................................... 28

Dusky Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) occurrence patterns near Kaikoura,

New Zealand: Observations from tour boats 1995-2006

Adrian Dahood, Bernd Würsig, Zach Vernon, Ian Bradshaw, Dennis Buurman

& Lynette Buurman.................................................................................................... 32

‘Jaws or Jawsome’? Exploring the shark-diving experience

John Dobson............................................................................................................... 37

Marine wildlife tourism opportunities in Baja California

Sara M. Earhart, Maile C. Sullivan & Marc L. Miller................................................ 50

The sustainabale development of the whale watching industry: A case study

approach

Sophia Foley & Marian Binkley.................................................................................. 58

Speaking from Experience: Whale and Dolphin Watching Boats as Venues for

Marine Conservation Education

Paul Forestell & Gregory Kaufman........................................................................... 63

The growth of whale and dolphin watching tourism in Oceania

Lydia Gibson, Simon O’Connor & Tania Duratovic.................................................. 68

Grunion Greeters in California: Beach Spawning Fish, Coastal Stewardship,

Management and Ecotourism

Karen Martin, Andrew Staines, Melissa Studer, Chris Stivers, Cassadie Moravek,

Phillip Johnson & Jennifer Flannery1........................................................................ 73

Dolphin watch tourism: A cross-case comparison of two differing examples of sustainable practices and pro-environmental outcomes

Gayle Mayes & Harold Richins................................................................................... 87

Watching endangered orcas: The role of communication in balancing marine

tourism and sustainability

Tema Milstein........................................................................................................... 104

Sustainable versus UnSustainable Dolphin tourism in the Caribbean: A case

study in the Dominican Republic

E.C.M. Parsons & Naomi A. Rose............................................................................ 114

A wildlife tourism auditing framework…can we build it?

Kate Rodger, David Newsome & Amanda Smith..................................................... 128

Adaptive Management for a Recovering Humpback Whale Population in

the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park

Sarah Salmon & Kirstin Dobbs................................................................................ 132

Meeting Flipper in the wild: Managing swim with dolphin tourism in Australia

Heather Zeppel......................................................................................................... 146

Theme 2: Marine Protected Areas

Quantifying community perceptions of marine environments for Marine Protected Area planning: When is the Reef too crowded?

Barbara Bollard-Breen & Daniel Breen.................................................................... 168

Tourism as basis for sustainable development in protected coastal areas?

Svein Frisvoll & Katrina Rønningen........................................................................ 180

The law and policy regulating marine parks in the Asia Pacific – de legere ferenda

Mary George............................................................................................................. 186

Quantifying community perceptions of marine environments for Marine

Protected Area planning: When is the Reef too crowded?

Nina Hall & Jim Sillitoe............................................................................................ 201

Impacts of the 2004 Tsunami Disaster on Thailand’s Marine Park Tourism:

What Did We Learn?

Somrudee (Meprasert) Jitpraphai1 & James W. Good............................................ 213

Tourism in the marine national park of Gujarat

Prabha Ranade......................................................................................................... 219

Theme 3: The Cruise Ship Industry

Cruise Ship Tourism Research: A Critical Review

Brigid Casey.............................................................................................................. 236

Protecting paradise: Minimizing the downside of cruise tourism

Ross A. Klein............................................................................................................. 242

The socio-economic impacts of cruise tourism: A case study of Croatian

destinations

Zrinka Marusic, Sinisa Horak & Renata Tomljenovic............................................. 258

Development of a supply chain model for the cruise industry

Funda Yercan & Frank Bates................................................................................... 275

Theme 4: Coral Reefs and Scuba Diving/Snorkeling

Keeping and I (and 1.9 million others) on the reef: The sustainability of tourism

on the Great Barrier Reef

Alexandra Coghlan & Bruce Prideaux..................................................................... 293

Fishers, divers, scientists, lawyers, and Marine Protected Areas: The U.S.

experience in protecting coral reefs

Robin Kundis Craig.................................................................................................. 307

Why Dive? And Why Here? A study of recreational diver enjoyment at a

Fijian eco-tourist resort

Clare Fitzsimmons.................................................................................................... 322

Upgrading to a better model - a new style of planning in the Great Barrier

Reef Marine Park

Sally Peut & Peter McGinnity.................................................................................. 342

Keeping the Great Barrier Reef Great – The development of an innovative

sustainable tourism partnership

Lorelle Schluter, Sally Peut & Lisha Mulqueeny...................................................... 346

Loose lips and sinking ships: Analysing the role of intergovernmental relations

in the creation of artificial reefs for sustainable scuba diving tourism in Australia

Paul Stolk................................................................................................................. 349

Theme 5: Guides, Interpretation and Education

The role and presence of a guide: Preliminary findings from swim with seal programmes and land-based seal viewing in New Zealand

Laura Boren, Neil Gemmell1 & Kerry Barton.......................................................... 366

Educating visitors to the Pacific coast of Washington State: Information

dissemination and marine management

Rachel More Gregg................................................................................................... 381

Designing and Assessing Marine Educational Signage with a Marine

Environmental Philosophy: Pilot Studies in Puget Sound, Washington State

Katrina A. Lassiter & Marc L. Miller....................................................................... 388

Whale watching tour guides: Communicating conservation effectively

Sheila E Peake.......................................................................................................... 404

Environmental education on Rangitoto Island: What do visitors learn from Auckland’s Marine volcano?

Christian Wittlich...................................................................................................... 423

Marine wildlife tourism: Education and conservation benefits

Heather Zeppel & Sue Muloin.................................................................................. 430

Theme 6: Marine Adventure and Sports Tourism

Dropping in: A case study approach to understanding the socio-economic

impact of recreational surfing and its value to the tourism industry

Neil Lazarow, Marc L. Miller & Boyd Blackwell...................................................... 448

Family Sailing in the Archipelago Sea, between Finland and Sweden

Ole Rud Nielsen......................................................................................................... 462

A geography of charter boat operators in New Zealand

Hamish G. Rennie & Jill Thomson............................................................................ 467

Theme 7: Marine Festivals, Events, and Heritage

Coastal and Marine Heritage for Tourism: Examples from the North Atlantic

Carl Cater & Erlet Cater......................................................................................... 487

Interest in “virtual” and “real” shrimp related experiences among coastal and

shrimp festival tourists in South Carolina, USA

Laura W. Jodice & William C. Norman.................................................................... 492

Salt and maritime heritage in the Canary Islands

Juan Manuel Santana-Pérez..................................................................................... 509

Environmental impacts and indicators for marine-based sporting events

Vikki Schaffer, David Foster & Meredith Lawley.................................................... 519

Theme 8: Coastal and Island Tourism

Developing a Strategic Tourism Plan for Northeast Iceland: Highlands,

Whales and the Yulelads

John Hull................................................................................................................... 540

The role of physical planning in linking disaster risk reduction to the Development Process: Coastal Tourism Reconstruction in Grand Anse, Grenada

Roché Mahon............................................................................................................ 541

At the crossroads: Island tourism in Malaysia

Badarussin Mohamed & Azizi Bahauddin................................................................. 558

Linking beach recreation to weather conditions. A case study in Zandvoort, Netherlands

Alvaro Moreno, Bas Amelung & Lorena Santamarta.............................................. 565

Responisble environmental practices in Puerto Princesa, Palawan, Philippines

John C. Gray............................................................................................................ 577

An integrated coastal management strategy for a proposed marine tourism conservation estate at Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa

Peter B. Myles........................................................................................................... 579

Obstacles to the Adaptive Management of Coastal and Marine Tourism

Destinations

Anna Palliser............................................................................................................ 587

Sexual harassment: Not just a coastal problem

Jill Poulston.............................................................................................................. 588

Ecological footprint analysis of road transport related to tourism activity: The

case of Lanzarote Island

Roberto Rendeiro Martín-Cejas................................................................................ 592

Evaporating the Essence: Towards an Understanding of sub-Antarctic Visitation

Eric J. Shelton .......................................................................................................... 602

Impacts of the Proposed Red-Dead Canal on Sustainable Tourism Development

at the Dead Sea

Edith M. Szivas......................................................................................................... 611

Theme 9: Research, Sciences, and Marine Tourism

Meeting obligations under the Marine Mammal Protection Regulations 1992

(MMPR) when scientific knowledge is limited

Laura Allum.............................................................................................................. 616

Unifying ecological and social sciences into a management framework for

wildlife based tourism: A case study of feeding stingrays as a marine tourism attraction in the Cayman islands

Christina A.D. Semeniuk, Wolfgang Haider & Kristina D. Rothley......................... 621

Development of marine research tourism in Australia

Peter Wood............................................................................................................... 627

Poster Abstracts

Using fuzzy AHP to develop evaluation criteria for multifunctional development

of fishing harbors

Chung-Ling Chen..................................................................................................... 640

Proposal for the preservation and rational use of the salt mines from Eastern Venezuela

Montserrat Esteve & C. Romero.............................................................................. 641

Tourism representations of rurality and ‘trail by space’ in Norwegian rural communities

Svein Frisvoll............................................................................................................ 642

Disappearing Hector’s and Maui dolphins – the last chance to see them?

Jacqueline Geurts..................................................................................................... 643

Are we loving our whales to death? Ensuring the sustainability of a growing

whale-watch industry

Maryrose Gulesserian, Megan Kessler, Luciana Möller & Rob Harcourt................ 644

Variation in the Acoustic & Behavioural Responses of Inshore Bottlenose

Dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) to Different types of vessels

Elizabeth R. Hawkins................................................................................................ 645

Responses of Hector’s dolphins (Cephalorhynchus hectori hectori) to vessel

Activity in Akaroa, NZ

Emmanuelle Martinez, Dianne H. Brunton & Mark B. Orams................................. 646

The value of threatened species to tourism in New Zealand

Mark N.H. Seabrook-Davison, Dianne H. Brunton & Mark B. Orams.................... 647

Tourism affects the behavioural budget of common dolphins (Delphinus sp.)

in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand

Karen A Stockin, David Lusseau, Vicky Binedell, Nicky Wiseman

& Mark Orams.......................................................................................................... 648

Workshop Presentation Abstracts

Workshop I: Seafood Tourism and Aquaculture

Northern Coastal Inspiration: Chefs Sharing Culinary Traditions Across

the Northern Periphery

John Hull................................................................................................................... 650

Introduction to seafood tourism

Laura W. Jodice & William C. Norman.................................................................... 651

Workshop II: Interpretation and Education in the Marine Environment

Marine Interpretation and Marine Guides ~ how can we make a difference?

Deborah Benham...................................................................................................... 652

Guiding Effectively: experience, knowledge and decision making to reduce tourist impact on New Zealand

Laura Boren.............................................................................................................. 653

Citizen Scientists as Docents Impact Policy

Karen Martin............................................................................................................ 654

Guiding and the Challenges of Incorporating a Model for Creating Cognitive Dissonance in the Visitor

Jonathon Spring........................................................................................................ 655

How to capture and captivate tourists to make them care, comprehend and change

Caroline Thalund...................................................................................................... 656

Interpretation of Marine Research

Peter Wood............................................................................................................... 657